RU217335U1 - Anchor of increased holding power, balanced - Google Patents

Abstract

Anchor of increased holding power balanced refers to the field of shipbuilding and navigation, in particular to ship anchors. The anchor contains a box of three adjacent compartments and two paws, which together form a rotary block, with each paw rigidly fixed to the upper wall of the outermost compartment, the thickness of the inclined walls of which is increased in their lower part. At the same time, the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the angle between the axis of the spindle and the edge of the leg of the anchor is made in the range of 20 ° ... in the range of 49°...51°, the middle compartment of the box in cross section has a trapezoidal shape, while the angle between the inclined wall of the middle compartment of the box and the horizontal plane is made in the range of 62°...65°.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of shipbuilding and navigation, in particular to ship anchors.

In shipbuilding, anchors of the A.S.14 type are known (Shmakov M.G., Klimov A.S. Anchor and mooring devices (design and calculation); L .: Shipbuilding, 1964, - 416 p.; see Fig. 18) , which are classified as anchors of increased holding power. The paws of the A.S.14 type anchor are relatively broad and rigidly fixed on a common base, which is a box without a bottom wall. The tip of the anchor spindle is pivotally fixed in the volume of the box, in its middle part along the width. The design of these anchors is distinguished by the fact that “the legs are developed in width, and their socks are structurally lightweight and hollow”, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the center of gravity of the turning part and bring it closer to the level of the horizontal axis of its rotation relative to the spindle. Such a shift in the level of the center of mass of the block reduces the likelihood of deviation of the paws from the vertical position in the process of lifting the anchor and, as a result, damage to the toe of the paws of the vessel's hull.

The disadvantage of the known device is the complexity of the design of the paws and their unreliability in operation (there is a high probability of violating the strength of the paws); moreover, it does not have the balanced anchor property.

Closest to the proposed technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a balanced anchor (see RF patent No. 185142). Known anchor contains a box of three adjacent compartments and two paws, which together form a rotary block, while each paw is rigidly fixed to the upper wall of the extreme compartment. At the same time, the anchor differs in that the center of mass of the block is below the level of its axis of rotation relative to the spindle, due to the additional volume of the intermediate compartment in its upper part, as well as due to the lightening of the toe of the paw and the weighting in the lower part of the inclined walls of the box.

In the manufacture of an anchor, according to this technical solution, its parameters, independent of the distinguishing features, comply with GOST 25496 (GOST 25496-82. Anchors of increased holding power. Specifications (With changes No. 1, 2, 3). - M .: IPK Publishing House standards, 2004. Introduction date 1984-01-01). When carrying out full-scale tests of the anchor, the box of paws did not fully recover to the vertical position when the anchor was pulled out of the ground.

The well-known design of the prototype performs the function of a balanced anchor with increased holding power. However, the described properties of the anchor are performed with insufficient accuracy and during its operation there remains a significant probability of damage to the ship's hull when the anchor is removed from the ground.

The task solved by the claimed utility model is to clarify and develop the features of the known prototype anchor design.

The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model is to provide the necessary distance between the axis of rotation of the box of legs of the anchor on the spindle and the center of mass of the anchor to restore the vertical position of the legs of the anchor when choosing it from the ground.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the balanced anchor of increased holding power contains a box of three adjacent compartments and two paws, which together form a rotary block, with each paw rigidly fixed to the upper wall of the extreme compartment, the thickness of the inclined walls of which is increased in their lower part, and in the volume of the intermediate compartment, the end of the spindle is pivotally fixed, in which, according to the utility model, the angle between the axis of the spindle and the edge of the armature leg is made in the range of 20 ° ... 23 °, the outer compartment of the box in cross section has a triangular shape, while the angle between the inclined wall of the outer compartment of the box and the horizontal plane is made in the range of 49°...51°, the middle compartment of the box in cross section has a trapezoidal shape, while the angle between the inclined wall of the middle compartment of the box and the horizontal plane is made in the range of 62°...65°.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows the anchor in plan view (main view).

In FIG. 2 is a section along A-A of FIG. 1.

In FIG. 3 is a view along C of FIG. 1 excluding pull-out.

In FIG. 4 shows a section along B-B of Fig. 1 excluding pull-out.

Anchor of increased holding force balanced consists of two paws 1, each of which is rigidly connected to the upper wall of the outer compartment 2 of the box, which also includes an intermediate compartment 3. Paws 1 and the box together form a rotary anchor block. The anchor box has no bottom wall, and its compartments 2 and 3 are separated by vertical walls.

The walls of the extreme compartments of the box are made with a thickening towards the bottom (shaded in Fig. 2), which increases the mass of the box in its lower part. This ensures that the center of mass of the swivel block is shifted downward. The inclination of the inner wall of the extreme compartment 2 is made at an angle selected structurally from the condition of observing the mass balance of the anchor

In the volume of the intermediate compartment 3 of the rotary block, the end of the spindle 4 is placed and hinged relative to the box. 1 ("O-O"). At the same time, to the right of the axis of symmetry of the anchor (axial line of the spindle), in its lower part, a tear is made to a depth to the plane of symmetry of the anchor.

The upper walls of compartments 2 and 3 are at different levels: at compartment 3 - above the axis "О-О", at compartment 2 below the axis of rotation "О-О" of the anchor block; such a relative displacement of the wall of the compartment 3 allows you to raise the level of the axis of the swivel of the rotary unit and the spindle 4.

To hold the upper and outer side walls of the compartment 2, the adjacent vertical wall of the compartment 3 is made taking into account the configuration of the walls of the compartment 2 (Fig. 4).

In the upper wall of the compartment 3, a hole is made for the passage of the spindle 4, taking into account the change in the operating conditions of the angular position of the spindle 4 relative to the anchor block (the inclined walls of the compartment 3 in Fig. 4 are shaded).

To ensure the hinged connection of the block and the spindle 4, the latter is made, for example, with a trunnion 5 (the section of the trunnion in Fig. 4 is shaded). The position of the trunnion 5 relative to the rotary block is fixed by a locking bar 6 (Fig. 1, 3, not shown in Fig. 4), which is rigidly connected to the walls of the compartment 3.

In FIG. 4, the armature swivel block is shown with a maximum angle of 35° from the vertical, and the broken spindle is shown with a dashed line.

The distinctive features of the claimed anchor compared to the prototype are:

the angle α of the internal inclination directly paws 1 to the axis of the spindle 4 to ensure mass balance is made in the range of 20°...23°;

the outer surface of the walls of the compartments 2 of the box, which are triangular in cross section, is inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle β of 49°...51°;

the middle compartment, intended for fixing the axis of the spindle 5, which has a trapezoidal shape in cross section, is made with the angle of inclination of the walls to the horizontal surface δ, equal to 62°...65°.

The width of the bases of the cross-sections of the compartments of the anchor box is carried out in accordance with GOST 25496 for a given weight of the anchor.

The required angles were calculated while developing the shape of the paw box using a digital prototype and solid modeling. In the process of modeling, the condition for achieving high-quality self-balancing of the anchor was determined, which is expressed in determining the minimum distance between the axis of rotation of the paw box on the spindle and the center of mass of the anchor. This distance depends on the diameter of the spindle axis, the coefficient of friction force and the angle of rotation of the anchor when removing it from the ground.

- расстояние между осью вращения коробки лап на веретене и центром масс якоря;Where

- the distance between the axis of rotation of the box paws on the spindle and the center of mass of the anchor;

- коэффициент сопротивления трения в точке соприкосновения коробки лап якоря с осью веретена;

- coefficient of friction resistance at the point of contact of the armature paw box with the spindle axis;

- диаметр оси веретена;

- diameter of the spindle axis;

- угол поворота коробки лап вокруг своей оси при выбирании из грунта, регламентированный стандартом и Правилами классификационных обществ;

- the angle of rotation of the box of paws around its axis when getting out of the ground, regulated by the standard and the Rules of Classification Societies;

When carrying out full-scale tests, it was determined that the value of the distance between the axis of rotation of the box of legs on the spindle and the center of mass of the anchor, necessary for self-balancing of the legs of the anchor, is possible with the accepted values of the angles α, β and δ, as well as with the additional execution of the inner wall of the outermost compartment 2 at an angle, different from β, chosen constructively from the condition of observance of the mass balance of the armature.

In general, due to the distinctive features, the anchor with a smaller mass has an increased holding force on any soil, and when the anchor is pulled out of the soil, due to its balancing, the paws are in the same plane with the spindle, which eliminates damage to the ship's hull. The adopted technical solution is more technologically advanced, in contrast to the prototype.

The anchor functions as follows:

The deepening of the anchor in the ground occurs when the relative angular position of the spindle 4 and the rotary block shown in figure 4, as in the prototype anchor. The shape of the anchor box retains the features inherent in the prototype.

The accepted values of the angles β and δ ensure confident penetration of the armature leg 1 into the ground to the required depth to provide increased holding force and optimal elevation of the axis of rotation above the center of gravity of the legs, which allows them to self-balance in the process of lifting the anchor into a vertical position with an acceptable accuracy of deviation from the vertical.

The angle α in the accepted range makes it possible to ensure the mass balance for the given overall dimensions of the anchor and its compliance with the regulatory documentation.

When lifting the anchor out of the water, if there is adherent soil on the paws 1, according to good ship practice, it is washed off with a stream of water.

Such an operation, as well as the balance of the anchor, will ensure the vertical position of the paws 1 when it is lifted out of the water, and, as a result, damage to the hull of the vessel by the paws 1 will be excluded.

Practical tests of prototypes of the declared design of the anchor confirm the possibility of achieving a technical result with these distinctive features.

Claims (1)

Anchor of increased holding power is balanced, containing a box of three adjacent compartments and two paws, which together form a rotary block, with each paw rigidly fixed to the upper wall of the extreme compartment, the thickness of the inclined walls of which is increased in their lower part, and in the volume of the intermediate compartment the end of the spindle is hinged, characterized in that the angle between the axis of the spindle and the edge of the armature leg closest to it is made in the range of 20 ° ... the plane is made in the range of 49°...51°, the middle compartment of the box in cross section has a trapezoidal shape, while the angle between the inclined wall of the middle compartment of the box and the horizontal plane is made in the range of 62°...65°.

Images