RU217048U1 - Gas powder fire extinguishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of fire fighting. The gas-powder fire extinguishing device contains a fence resting on the floor of the room, inside which a gas-powder fire extinguishing module is located, including a vertically located cylinder with a powder substance and two vertically located high-pressure gas cylinders. Each of the high-pressure cylinders is connected through a separate shut-off and start-up assembly with an outlet common for both cylinders, communicated with the inlet of a cylinder with a powder substance, the outlet of which with a branch pipe is brought out through the upper part of the enclosure. Each shut-off and starting unit is made with a movable element used to pierce the membrane that isolates the cavity of the cylinder from the external environment, and with a pyrotechnic element for generating gas pressure to move the movable element towards the membrane, and the wires of the pyrotechnic elements are connected to the one used for communication with the power supply communication block. The enclosure is made in the form of a body made of a corrosion-resistant material, consisting of lower and upper parts of the same size and shape, interconnected by a perforated four-walled box in shape, a shell with a height less than the height of said parts of the body. The upper and lower parts are made in the form of a rhombicuboctahedron with open openings on the sides facing the shell, inside the body at different heights there are two supports for cylinders, each of which is made in the form of two segments of metal corners located at a distance from each other, facing towards each other horizontal shelves to place the base of the container with a powder substance between the vertical shelves of the first support and to place other containers with necks in the opening between the horizontal shelves of another support with the shoulders of their necks resting on the vertical shelves of this support. Rectangular in cross section, the shell is made with concave inward corners of conjugation of adjacent walls to each other. And the high-pressure cylinders are located with side walls adjacent to each other and to the cylinder with a powder substance and are located at a distance from the body walls. 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of fire extinguishing and concerns the design of a gas-powder fire extinguishing module used as a means of extinguishing a fire in a closed volume or in a volume bounded by walls by enveloping the fire source with a gas-powder mixture, excluding oxygen access to this source.

In particular, within the framework of the present application, the design of a module is considered, made with the function of either automatic initiation or with the function of remotely supplying a control signal to initiate a chemical reaction process in order to form a gas-powder cloud directed to the fire area or covering the fire area. In particular, a module is considered that is used to place a large volume on the floor of a room.

Gas-powder fire extinguishing modules, despite the commonality with fire extinguishers of manual initiation by moving the lever in the use of gas and fire extinguishing powder, have differences in that the initiation of the start of a chemical reaction occurs either fully automatically or by pressing a remotely located button. The release of a gas-powder cloud occurs almost instantly and because of this in a volume covering almost the entire vehicle. This results in fast and reliable fire extinguishing. Another feature is that the creation of a large-scale gas-quenching cloud does not depend on the volume of chemical reagents, but depends on the gas release rate, which is equal to the reaction rate of these chemical reagents. This allows you to significantly reduce the weight of the fire extinguishing module, as well as the weight of its body.

The modern development of society in terms of the development and complication of social infrastructures leads to an increase in man-made consequences caused by equipment failures, the human factor and natural phenomena. For example, the abundance of electronic equipment, expanded lighting of premises, the use of automation systems for some works leads to the need for a serious expansion of the electrical wiring in the room to provide power to all consumers in this room. Mistakes in the design of electrical wiring or an overload of the electrical network in a room can lead to a fire in a confined space, which cannot be immediately visually determined from the outside.

Dependence on man-caused consequences necessitated the creation of tools that allow, with or without human participation, to extinguish the fire at the initial stage of its development. For this purpose, gas-powder fire extinguishers were created in the form of containers and cylinders fixed on the ceiling of the room or on its walls, containing separately stored chemical agents, when combined, a reaction occurs with the release of a gas-powder composition sprayed throughout the room. In this case, the beginning of a chemical reaction can be initiated both by the person himself, and provided by the mode of automatic start of the process by a control signal received, for example, from a room temperature sensor or a gas-analyzing type sensor.

Traditionally, all fire extinguishers, regardless of the external form and internal design, were painted red. An example would be any fire extinguisher. On the one hand, this color is used as the “shape” of this type of device, and on the other hand, it is intended for the quick detection of a fire extinguisher in case of a fire. When it comes to small fire extinguishers, the consumer or the buyer or the person in the room perceives this device as a necessary element of the interior or furnishings, which always catches the eye. Everyone is used to this and something red and oblong in the corner of the room does not cause dissonance in understanding why it is here. But with an increase in the dimensions of industrial modules for gas-powder fire extinguishing (in order to increase the volume of gas output and the area of extinguishing), such devices as functional systems sometimes cause an internal feeling of increased danger emanating from the place where a person or worker is located and this system. The impact is purely psychological, but if it has already manifested itself, it remains on the subconscious and this prevents the employee from performing his functions. The feeling of self-preservation as a result of understanding the possible danger has a negative effect on the employee and on the staff as a whole. And this despite the fact that the modules of gas-powder fire extinguishing do not require the participation of the employees themselves in their work: the module is triggered automatically and beyond the desire of the employees.

There have been attempts to hide fire extinguishers in casings that do not directly indicate the presence of fire extinguishers in them. For example, in the patent document JP 2002282376, A62C 13/76, publ. 10/02/2002, a casing is described in the form of a bag with a handle in which a fire extinguisher is stored, or in the form of a cap worn on top of a fire extinguisher. And in US 2805724, A62C 13/78, publ. On September 10, 1957, a mesh-lined tubular casing with a door, hung on a wall and inside of which a fire extinguisher is placed, is described. And in RU 201144, A62C 8/00, A62C 13/00, publ. On November 30, 2020, the fire extinguisher was placed in a housing made in the form of objects of the natural environment that attract people's attention (in the form of an apple or pineapple, strawberry or pumpkin, etc.), while the trigger parts of the fire extinguisher are specially brought out of the housing. These attempts to hide the fire extinguisher are not well resolved from a design standpoint.

An analysis of the prior art shows that the issue of covert storage of gas-powder fire extinguishing modules, which have the ability to operate automatically without human intervention, remains unresolved and psychologically in demand in the conditions of the need to constantly locate fire extinguishing devices in areas of closed volumes.

A gas-powder fire extinguishing device is known, containing a fence resting on the floor of the room, inside which a 100-liter gas-powder fire extinguishing module is located, including a vertically located cylinder with a powder substance and two vertically arranged high-pressure gas cylinders next to each other, each of which is connected through a separate shut-off valve. starting unit with an outlet common for both cylinders, communicated with the inlet of a cylinder with a powder substance, the outlet of which, equipped with a branch pipe, is brought out through the upper part of the fence, while supports are mounted in the body for fixing the cylinders vertically, each shut-off and starting unit is made with a movable element used to break through the membrane that isolates the cavity of the cylinder from the external environment, and with a pyrotechnic element for generating gas pressure to shift the moving element towards the membrane, and the wires of the pyrotechnic elements are connected to the com communication unit (Operating manual "BiZone powder fire extinguishing module MGSH(N)-100-KD-1-BSG-U2", 2017, Kalancha LLC, Sergiev Posad, pp. 5 and 6, fig. . 1(a), see Appendix PROTOTYPE).

This solution is taken as a prototype.

In this solution, the gas-powder fire extinguishing module is located inside the fence and fixed in it. At the same time, this fence is an open cage-type frame made of metal rods, which are supports for cylinders with a powder substance and for high-pressure cylinders with carbon dioxide. This cage-type enclosure does not provide a high degree of safety for the operation of the fire extinguishing device for the following reasons. In reality, when creating such fire extinguishing devices, the conditions under which this object will be used are not known in advance. This also applies to the storage conditions of the object. According to GOST R 59641-2021 “National Standard of the Russian Federation. Means of fire protection of buildings and structures. Means of primary fire extinguishing. Location, maintenance and repair manual. Functional test methods” “Fire extinguishers should be located on the protected object ... in such a way that they are protected from direct sunlight, heat fluxes, mechanical influences and other adverse factors (vibration, aggressive environment, high humidity, etc.)” . This directly indicates that the location of the fire extinguishing device should not be located on the sunny side, near the passage of heat flows from operating equipment, in places where there is no vibration and no moisture saturation and there is no direct impact of the external environment. If we take into account that such devices are placed in places of possible fire precisely in order to prevent its consequences, and these places do not always meet all the standards for safe storage, then in practice it is not always possible to take precautionary measures in their entirety.

The use of an open-type cage-like enclosure does not ensure compliance with safety standards, since all cylinders are open and unprotected. Open storage significantly reduces the service life of cylinders. For example, when exposed to sunlight, both the material of the cylinders and its contents expand: if there are cracks or cavities in the material of the cylinder (as a factory defect), the wall strength decreases and, as a result, the cylinder wall ruptures. In the prototype, high-pressure cylinders are filled with carbon dioxide, the composition of which, when activated, has very low temperatures (-70°C), frostbite can be obtained. Injuries from scattered fragments of the body, damage to the mucous membranes by a substance from a cylinder, burns (during the explosion of a carbon dioxide device) are a possible result of the consequences. In a container with a powdered substance, the inlet and outlet pipes are closed with a membrane to prevent moisture saturation of the powder. But if the membrane is defective at the outlet, the powder can fall off and crumple. Then, when carbon dioxide is supplied under pressure (when the device is triggered), the excess pressure can break the connecting tubes.

This utility model is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing the operational reliability and safety of a device in which a powder fire extinguishing module is placed with automatic initiation or initiation in a remote mode through the use of a housing insulating from the external environment, in which the module components are located without resting on the walls. corps.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the gas-powder fire extinguishing device containing a fence resting on the floor of the room, inside which a gas-powder fire extinguishing module is located, including a vertically located cylinder with a powder substance and two vertically located high-pressure gas cylinders, each of which is connected through a separate shut-off and starting unit with an outlet common for both cylinders, communicated with the inlet of a cylinder with a powder substance, the outlet of which, equipped with a branch pipe, is brought out through the upper part of the fence, while supports are mounted in the body to fix the cylinders vertically, each shut-off and starting unit is made with a movable element used to pierce the membrane that isolates the cylinder cavity from the external environment, and with a pyrotechnic element for generating gas pressure to move the movable element towards the membrane, and the wires of the pyrotechnic elements are connected to the one used for connection with the power supply to the communication unit, the fence is made in the form of a housing made of corrosion-resistant material, consisting of the lower and upper parts of the same size and shape, interconnected by a perforated four-walled box in the form of a shell with a height less than the height of these parts of the housing, while the upper and lower parts are made in the form of a three-dimensional body in the form of a thin-walled shell with open openings on the sides facing the shell, inside the body at different heights there are two supports for cylinders, each of which is made in the form of two segments of metal corners located at a distance from each other, facing towards each other with horizontal shelves, to place the base of the cylinder with a powder substance between the vertical shelves of the first support and to place high-pressure cylinders with gas necks in the opening between the horizontal shelves of another support with the shoulders of their necks resting on the vertical shelves of this support ora, while the rectangular shape in cross section, the shell is made with concave inward corners of conjugation of adjacent walls to each other, and high-pressure cylinders are located with side walls adjacent to each other and to the cylinder with a powder substance and are located at a distance from the body walls.

A three-dimensional body in the form of a thin-walled shell has eight side faces, each second of which is smaller in width than the adjacent one, all narrow side faces are made of the same width, all wide side faces are also made of the same width, the upper and lower faces are parallel to each other and are located perpendicular to the side faces. faces, these faces are made in the form of flat octagons with a size smaller than the cross section of the side faces, while the upper and lower faces are connected to the side faces by additional inclined faces.

These features are essential and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

This utility model is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the required technical result.

Fig. 1 is a general view of a gas-powder fire extinguishing device in a 3/4 view;

fig. 2 - layout of the gas-powder fire extinguishing module inside the case;

fig. 3 - longitudinal section of the shut-off and starting unit.

According to this utility model, the design of a gas-powder fire extinguishing device is considered, made in a camouflage form with a powder fire extinguishing module placed inside it with automatic initiation of a chemical reaction or with initiation in the remote mode of sending a control signal to start the chemical process. The device is designed to be fixed on the floor of the room. This indicates that the fire extinguishing process begins either without the participation of a person or with his participation at a distance from the source of ignition. For example, a remote initiation button can be placed on the wall of a room or in another room, or made with the function of being triggered by a remote control.

In the system of the human environment in which he works or rests, there is always a large number of functional devices with an explicit or implicit design in terms of emphasizing this functionality. Such devices include ATMs, terminals, various columns and panels of information support, etc. In everyday life, these devices, as a rule, are in the background of visual accessibility, if a person has a target direction in the foreground, and are taken for granted in terms of functionality, if this device is in demand as a target direction. In other words, on the way to work, a person does not pay attention to the terminals put up on the walls or in the corners, does not see their direct purpose, for him these are just elements of the route design. And only when it is necessary to make payment, these terminals acquire material tangibility, and then a person clearly evaluates these terminals and chooses the one that he needs. This is the psychology of human behavior in a developed social infrastructure.

This principle of psychological assessment of the situation, according to which “what is not important is not visible”, allows a person not to overload his consciousness with an abundance of information, most of which does not currently correspond to his target movement. But it does allow the designer to manipulate the appearance of the object in order to bring it visually to the fore or make it visually non-dominant. For example, you can fix a red switch on a white wall, which will allow it to be seen and seen in any cases (attention point), or you can fix a white switch on a white wall, which acquires stealth and requires increased care to detect it.

In the framework of the present application, these psychological features of the perception of the external environment by a person underlie the formation of the masking part of the gas-powder fire extinguishing device of the floor type (based on the floor).

In the general case, the constructive algorithm of the claimed utility model - a gas-powder fire extinguishing device for outdoor use is formulated in the following form:

- there is a housing inside which a gas-powder fire extinguishing module is located, including a vertically located cylinder with a powder (powder) substance and two vertically located high-pressure gas cylinders adjacent to each other, each of which is connected through a separate shut-off and starting unit with a common outlet for both cylinders , communicated with the inlet of the cylinder with a powder substance, the outlet of which, equipped with a branch pipe, is brought out through the upper part of the fence, while supports are mounted in the body for fixing the cylinders vertically, each shut-off and starting unit is made with a movable element used to break through the membrane isolating the cavity cylinder from the external environment, and with a pyrotechnic element for generating gas pressure to shift the movable element towards the membrane, and the wires of the pyrotechnic elements are connected to the communication unit used for communication with the power supply;

- the body is made of a corrosion-resistant material, consisting of the lower and upper parts of the same size and shape, interconnected by a perforated four-walled box in the form of a shell with a height less than the height of the indicated parts of the body, while the upper and lower parts are made in the form of a rhombicuboctahedron with open openings on sides facing the shell;

- inside the body at different heights there are two supports for cylinders, each of which is made in the form of two segments of metal corners located at a distance from each other, facing towards each other with horizontal shelves, to place the base of the cylinder with a powder substance between the vertical shelves of the first support and for placing other cylinders with their necks in the opening between the horizontal shelves of another support with the shoulders of their necks resting on the vertical shelves of this support;

- rectangular in cross section, the shell is made with inwardly concave corners of conjugation of adjacent walls to each other;

- high-pressure cylinders are located with the side walls adjacent to each other and to the cylinder with the powder substance and are located at a distance from the body walls.

Below is a description of a specific example of the claimed utility model with reference to FIG. 1-3.

The device under consideration compositionally consists of a body 1 and a gas-powder fire extinguishing module (Fig. 1 and 2).

The gas-powder fire extinguishing module consists of one large cylinder 2 (for 80 liters) with a powdery substance, fixed on a support 3 in the housing, and two cylinders 5 (for 20 liters in total) located side by side on the support 4 fixed in the housing) of an elongated cylindrical shape. The red cylinders contain propellant gas.

When the system for detecting signs accompanying a fire is triggered, the gas combines with a powdered substance, leading to a reaction accompanied by the formation of a gas-powder cloud emitted into the environment (indoors), which isolates the source of ignition from compounds with oxygen from the air.

It is proposed to place this functionality in a special case.

Housing 1 is built on the use of a vertically elongated and standing on legs closed structure. The case made of sheet metal is organized in three parts: the lower 6 and upper 7 of which repeat the shape of each other, and the third in the form of a perforated four-walled open box in the form of a shell 8 connects the upper and lower parts to each other. The height of the shell 8 is less than the height of the upper or lower parts of the body.

The upper 6 and lower 7 parts are made of the same shape, which is called a semi-regular polyhedron (or the bodies of Archimedes - an isohedron or an isogon, the second name is a rhombicuboctahedron. Structurally, such a three-dimensional body has eight side faces, each second of which is smaller in width than the adjacent one. All narrow side faces are made of the same width, all wide side faces are also made of the same width.The upper and lower faces are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the side faces.These faces are made in the form of flat octagons with a size smaller than the cross section of the side faces.The upper and lower faces are connected to side faces with additional inclined faces.

The upper part of the body in the lower flat face has no central zone, forming an opening. And the lower part of the case in the upper flat face also lacks a central zone, forming an opening. With these openings, the parts face each other, and the perforated shell 8 is attached along the perimeter of these openings, forming a closed cavity inside the body.

Since the upper and lower parts are made in the form of closed shells, the shell is also used for air exchange with the external environment, drying condensate and for ventilation of the internal volume of the case.

On the surface of the upper face of the upper part of the housing there is a branch pipe 9 for release when the gas-powder cloud is triggered. Also on this upper face are ears for lifting and transporting the device or for removing the case.

The shell 8 (the middle part of the body) is made in the form of a four-walled open box with perforations in the flat walls. In cross section, this shell is square (rectangular), and the conjugation angles of adjacent walls are made concave inside the shell at a right angle.

Inside the housing, all components of the gas-powder fire extinguishing module are interconnected by means of rigid intermediate elements. For example, the shut-off device 9, which is screwed or inserted into the cylinder 5 with one end 10, is positioned by the cylinder 5 as its continuation. But structurally, the shut-off and starting device 9 consists of a body, inside of which there is a hollow sleeve 11, which is pressed by a spring away from the membrane 12, which seals the cavity of the cylinder from the external environment. A transverse channel is made in the body, in which the pyrotechnic element 13 is located, and the outlet part of this channel communicates with the control cavity of the hollow sleeve 11. groups in the communication block 14, sitting on this rail. The wires of the pyrotechnic elements, enclosed in rigid tubular guides, are connected to the communication unit 14 used for communication with the power supply, fixed on these tubular guides, as on supports.

The input contact group of the communication block is designed to be connected either to a temperature sensor or a gas analyzing sensor, which can function as initiators of issuing a control signal to a pyrotechnic element to detonate it, or to a wired communication system with a remotely located button, pressing which provides a control signal to the pyrotechnic element to detonate it. . When a signal is received, the pyrotechnic element explodes, the gas pressure from which enters the control cavity of the hollow sleeve 11 and, overcoming the force of the preloaded spring, displaces the sleeve towards the membrane and breaks it, ensuring the passage of the flow of the reacted components of the cylinder through the cavity of the sleeve to the exit from the body, to to which the output rigid tube 15 of gas supply to the cylinder 2 is connected. The insulating membrane in this cylinder ruptures, the pressure inside the cylinder rises, leading to the rupture of the insulating membrane at the outlet of the cylinder 2 and the gas-powder mixture enters the room.

Inside the case, the cylinders are mounted on supports, which are located at different levels in height. Cylinder 2 is placed on support 3, and cylinders 5 - on support 4. Each of these supports is made in the form of two segments of metal corners located at a distance from each other, facing towards each other with horizontal shelves. Cylinder 2 with a powder substance is placed with its base between the vertical shelves of the first support 3, and cylinders 5 are placed upside down with their necks in the opening between the horizontal shelves of another support 4 with the shoulders of their necks resting on the vertical shelves of this support 4. Cylinders are not fixed on the supports and held under their own weight. But the peculiarity is that the high-pressure cylinders 5 are located with the side walls adjacent to each other and to the cylinder 2 with the powder substance and are located at a distance from the housing walls. When the walls adjoin each other and with the fact that the supports for the cylinders are located at different heights, a stable system is created with support points at different levels, which allows you to balance the cylinders on the supports. In this version, the vibration effects emanating, for example, from the floor of the room, come through the support legs to the body and from the body to supports 3 and 4. From the supports, the oscillatory process passes to the cylinders and propagates through the material of the cylinders. But the wave process in the balloon 2 differs from the wave process in each of the balloons 5 (dependence on the weight, volume of the bodies, the curvature of the surfaces and the location of the fulcrum or entry point of the oscillatory process into the body of the balloon). Two different wave processes are connected in the lines of contact of the walls of the cylinders and the amplitudes of both processes are damped or the amplitude of this process is significantly reduced.

The choice of the shape of the upper and lower parts is due to the fact that the rhombicuboctahedron in the form of a thin-walled shell has high strength properties on the walls of the shell. If high pressure arises inside these forms or the body as a whole, then, according to Pascal's law, it acts equally on the walls of a closed volume. The shape of the upper and lower parts of the body perceives this pressure as a peak, but it then leaves through the perforations of the shell. There is a decrease in pressure without transferring the peak initial bursts into the volume of the room, which increases the safety of the device in case of an emergency.

This utility model is industrially applicable and can be repeated many times. The model allows you to hide a purely functional device - a gas-powder module for fire extinguishing - in a shell that does not externally allow you to determine the real purpose of the product. This casing is designed for use on modules with a total capacity of 100 liters, which are in the "separate storage" version.

The claimed utility model is an original example of the modern phenomenon of "incorporeal design", when its function is not manifested in the form of an object. That is, the component that links the shape of the object with the purpose of the object is lost. In reality, this corresponds to a situation where the consumer likes the external form, but he does not understand from this form what kind of product and what it is intended for. The “incorporeal design” phenomenon is used exclusively for cases when it is necessary to “hide” a product from the eyes (due, for example, to the fact that it does not fit into the interior, but should be according to the norms). The discrepancy between the shape of the device case and its functionality made it possible to hide the purpose of the device and thereby divided the form and purpose into independent components due to the loss of signs indicating the purpose of the module.

Claims (2)

1. A gas-powder fire extinguishing device containing a fence resting on the floor of the room, inside which a gas-powder fire extinguishing module is located, including a vertically located cylinder with a powder substance and two vertically arranged high-pressure gas cylinders, each of which is connected through a separate shut-off and starting unit with a common outlet for both cylinders, communicated with the inlet of a cylinder with a powder substance, the outlet of which, equipped with a branch pipe, is brought out through the upper part of the fence, while supports are mounted in the body to fix the cylinders vertically, each shut-off and starting unit is made with a movable element used to break through the membrane that isolates the cavity of the cylinder from the external environment, and with a pyrotechnic element for generating gas pressure to shift the movable element towards the membrane, and the wires of the pyrotechnic elements are connected to the communication device used for communication with the power supply block, characterized in that the fence is made in the form of a housing made of a corrosion-resistant material, consisting of lower and upper parts of the same size and shape, interconnected by a perforated four-walled box in the form of a shell with a height less than the height of these parts of the housing, while the upper and lower parts made in the form of a three-dimensional body in the form of a thin-walled shell with open openings on the sides facing the shell, inside the body at different heights there are two supports for cylinders, each of which is made in the form of two segments of metal corners located at a distance from each other, facing towards horizontal shelves to each other, to place the base of the cylinder with a powder substance between the vertical shelves of the first support and to place high-pressure cylinders with gas necks in the opening between the horizontal shelves of another support with the shoulders of their necks resting on the vertical shelves of this support, while having a rectangular shape In cross section, the shell is made with concave inward corners of adjacent walls mating with each other, and high-pressure cylinders are located with side walls adjacent to each other and to the cylinder with a powder substance and are located at a distance from the body walls. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-dimensional body in the form of a thin-walled shell has eight side faces, each second of which is smaller in width than the adjacent one, all narrow side faces are made of the same width, all wide side faces are also made of the same width, the upper and lower faces are parallel to each other and are located perpendicular to the side faces, these faces are made in the form of flat octagons with a size smaller than the cross section of the side faces, while the upper and lower faces are connected to the side faces by additional inclined faces.

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