RU2169228C2 - Method for influence on atmospheric phenomena - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods for active influence on atmospheric phenomena involving formation of logs, arising of supercooled clouds that are dangerous from the point of view of rise of hail, as well as of whirlwinds (tornado) and other whirlwind phenomena in the atmosphere. SUBSTANCE: the method is based on influence on the above atmospheric processes with the aid of sound waves and by seeding reagents. Sound waves are generated at vibratory combustion of channel solid propellant active elements, whose movement in the preset direction and preset trajectory is accomplished by the reactive force produced by the combustion products running out of one side of the channel. Besides, for intensification of the influence of sound waves use is made of atomization of seeding reagents at resonant (for water drops) frequencies. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of influence on atmospheric phenomena. 2 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of active influence on atmospheric phenomena associated with the formation of fogs, the generation of supercooled clouds, dangerous from the point of view of hail, as well as tornadoes (tornadoes) and other vortex phenomena in the atmosphere. In all of these natural phenomena, the nucleation and subsequent accumulation of chilled water droplets is common. When a tornado forms, initially a low-pressure region arises in the center of the storm - the so-called “eye”. Calm reigns here. A column of rising warm, moist air forms above the "eye". As the moist air rises and cools up as it swirls, the water vapor contained in it condenses in the form of rain. The most severe rains and winds occur in the immediate vicinity of the “eye” at a distance of several kilometers (1).

 There are various methods of active influence on the atmospheric phenomena under consideration in order to weaken their negative impact on human economic activity, its environment.

 For example, methods for dispersing mists by sowing them with ice-forming nuclei are known, for example, by spraying generators of sowing reagents from a light aircraft or automobile (3).

 City-forming clouds are affected by anti-hail rockets, which are delivered to the clouds by generators of sowing reagents - crystals of silver iodide or particles of dry ice (2) - (8).

 To mitigate the effects of tornadoes, a method of seeding clouds with a large number of ice-forming nuclei is used (9). For the same purpose, attempts were made to create a second “eye” in the area of tornado formation, causing it to nucleate by seeding active reagents - salt, ice or silver iodide (10).

 However, the use of anti-hail rockets spraying active seeding reagents - silver iodide crystals or particles of dry ice to achieve great efficiency in suppressing hail processes is a rather expensive undertaking.

 And when using anti-hail rockets to ensure effective impact on the vast area of the formation of the tornado, the costs increase many times.

 Closest to the claimed technical solution is a method of influencing mists with sound waves generated using special installations, for example, sirens mounted on the bow of a boat, and spraying reagents (2). The sounds of a mechanical siren are amplified by a loudspeaker and sent directly along the course of the ship, dispersing the fog tens of meters, which helps the ships to maneuver and leave the harbor, avoiding collisions. However, the purification of the atmosphere from moisture droplets, based on resonance phenomena between the movement of moisture droplets in an acoustic field and the sound waves incident on them generated by ground-based installations, is possible only at short distances. It turns out to be difficult enough to obtain the necessary intensity of sound waves.

 The objective of the invention is to achieve a qualitatively new level of impact on atmospheric phenomena such as fogs, city-forming clouds, thunderstorms, rain showers, tornadoes and other vortex formations, in order to reduce their negative impact.

 The problem is solved due to the fact that in the known method of exposure to atmospheric phenomena, based on the impact on these atmospheric processes by sound waves and sowing reagents, the effect is produced by adjustable frequency sound waves generated during the vibrational combustion mode of channel solid propellant active elements, the movement of which is carried out due to the reactive force created by the combustion products flowing out of the element channel, and the predetermined flight path and impact with maximum intensity In predetermined atmospheric regions, they are secured by profiled stabilizers to the element’s lateral surface parallel to the element axis along its channel. In addition, to enhance the effect of waves, spraying of seeding reagents is used at resonant (for water droplets) frequencies.

 The proposed method is based on the generation of powerful acoustic radiation directly in areas where the processes associated with the generation of chilled water droplets must be weakened or eliminated. These areas include, for example, air corridors at airports where, due to fog, it is impossible to take off or land airplanes, city-forming clouds over crops that can be destroyed by hail, and also areas of an emerging tornado (tornado) outside the "eye".

 Powerful acoustic radiation, adjustable in frequency and sound intensity and capable of causing resonance phenomena, is generated during the combustion of cylindrical solid propellant active elements having a central non-through channel of circular cross section. These active elements can be made from non-metallic ballistic powders or mixed rocket fuels. The outer cylindrical surface and the head of the solid propellant active elements are coated with a phlegmatizing composition that prevents combustion. Moreover, solid propellant active elements burn out in a vibrational and / or pulsating mode, as a result of which intense high-frequency pressure oscillations are created in the cavity of the central circular channel of the element, corresponding to various acoustic modes of the cavity of the charge channel (longitudinal, tangential or radial). Oscillation frequencies can vary from a few hundred hertz to several tens of kilohertz. The amplitudes of pressure fluctuations can reach from several megapascals to tens of megapascals. Pressure fluctuations arising in the cavity of the channel of the active element are radiated into the surrounding space through its open end, generating high-intensity sound waves. The characteristics of the generated sound waves are programmed by the dimensions of the solid fuel active elements and the chemical composition of the solid rocket fuel used. Depending on the task and, accordingly, the design of the active element in the cavity of its channel, the following combustion modes can be implemented: 1 - vibrational, 2 - pulsating, 3 - vibrational and pulsating. The vibrational combustion regime of the active element is characterized by the appearance of high-frequency pressure fluctuations (of the order of several kilohertz). These oscillations have an amplitude reaching several megapascals; the oscillation duration is of the order of several seconds.

 Under the pulsating combustion mode of the active element, low-frequency oscillations (less than hertz) arise, and almost all the energy (up to 90%) released during the combustion of the charge is spent on these oscillations. The amplitude of the oscillations is 2-3 MPa, and the duration of the oscillations is up to 150 or more seconds. By choosing the burning mode of the active element, it is possible to provide acoustic energy output both near the active element (high-frequency oscillations) and at a great distance (up to hundreds of meters) with low-frequency oscillations.

 Powerful sound waves from a burning active element are generated during its flight. The movement of the active element along a predetermined path occurs due to the thrust created by the combustion products flowing mainly from the channel of the active element.

 The combined use of solid propellant active elements generating intense sound waves and devices generating ice-forming reagents in the form of aerosols can significantly enhance the effectiveness of acoustic effects on atmospheric processes. Inoculant reagent generators (ice-forming reagents), for example containers with reagent powder, are attached to solid fuel active elements.

 In this case, the action of the reagents will occur at resonant (for droplets) frequencies, rather than simply spraying them. The proposed method allows the use of the same reagents after exposure to sound waves. The effect of seeding reagents at frequencies resonant for water droplets is provided by a wide range of sounds generated by the active elements accompanying the vibrational combustion mode. In this case, the resonant frequencies always appear inside this spectrum.

 The start of solid propellant active elements can be carried out both from one or from several launch shafts (launch tubes) installed on the ground launcher. Moreover, the start of active elements from the group of launching trunks for greater impact efficiency can be carried out synchronously or with a given sequence, and the required number of launching trunks is determined by the scale of the required active impact on atmospheric phenomena. So, for example, to suppress the tornado, the number of launching trunks may exceed 2000-3000. After departure from the launch barrel, a solid-fuel active element can fly in a given direction up to several kilometers. To ensure the required launch speed of solid fuel active elements, a mortar launch can also be used using powder pressure accumulators as a starting stage. Structurally, the active element and the powder pressure accumulator can be combined into a single assembly, but after the operation of the powder pressure accumulator, its body will remain in the launch barrel.

 To ignite a solid-fuel active element, a sample of smoke powder placed in the front of the channel or an electric spiral in contact with the surface of the active element in its channel can be used.

 By selecting the trajectory of movement of the active elements, ice-forming aerosols can be delivered to the zone of the greatest turbulence of the hail cloud, providing the greatest impact efficiency, i.e. neutralize the danger of hail clouds with less aerosol. To combat tornadoes, active elements can be installed on the intended path of their movement in various places. They must be used at the time of the emergence and development of tornadoes so that the second “eye” that appears due to the supposed impact is connected to the central one. This will significantly reduce tornadoes.

 To ensure an effective fight against tornadoes, it is necessary to produce tens and hundreds of active elements weighing up to several kilograms each and send them to certain places in the atmosphere. Taking into account the colossal damage from tornadoes and numerous casualties among people, in general, the use of the proposed method can be considered justified.

 When fogs are dispersed at airports, sea harbors and along the line of ships, when it is possible to dispense with single launches of solid fuel active elements of small mass (up to 0.2 kg), the economic effect will be maximal in comparison with all known methods of active influence on fogs.

 Unlike the known anti-hail rockets, the proposed moving solid propellant active elements have a simpler design and are cheaper to manufacture. They have no hulls, nozzles, they do not need landing systems, since they completely burn out during the flight. Stabilization of active elements in flight is achieved using profiled stabilizers mounted on the outer side surface parallel to the axis of the solid fuel active element along its channel. Light shaped stabilizers after the combustion of active elements fall to the ground without causing damage.

 Due to the high intensity of the sound waves generated during the vibrational mode of combustion of the active element, a higher efficiency of influence on atmospheric processes is ensured in comparison with the known devices designed to generate sound waves. Moreover, the range of known devices for generating sound waves, as a rule, is insignificant. At the same time, moving solid propellant active elements generating sound waves provide an impact on atmospheric processes associated with the coagulation of water droplets along the entire trajectory of their movement.

 Sources of information.

 1. Betten L.J. Weather in our life: per. from English., M., Mir, 1985 - 226 p. - (Chapter 3. Atmosphere and weather. Thunderstorms and tornadoes. P. 41).

 2. Kachurin L.G. The physical basis of exposure to atmospheric processes. - L., Gidrometizdat, 1973, 1990, p. 288.

 3. Betten L. J. Weather in our lives. Per. from English., M., Mir, 1985 (Chapter 7. Change in weather. Dispersion of fogs at airports. p. 97).

 4. Betten L. J. Weather in our lives. Per. from English, M., Mir, 1985 - (Chapter 7 Change in the weather. Fighting hail. pp. 99-100).

 5. Silin N.A., Sidorov A.I., Nesmeyanov P.A. and other Pyrotechnic compositions and technical means of influencing the clouds. Sat "Explosive materials and pyrotechnics", vol. 1-2, 1993

 6. RF patent N 2034230, MKI 42 B 10/06, 10/38 "Anti-hail rocket." Declared April 29, 1991, publ. 04/30/95. BI N 12.

 7. Draft design. New generation automated missile system "Alan-Eliya" to improve the anti-hail defense system. Explanatory note. Tom. 3, part I. Rocket "Alan-2 1995

 8. Anti-hail rocket complex "Alan-Eliya". Draft design (addition). Explanatory note "Design and basic parameters", P95.0000-000 P3. NPO Iskra, Perm, 1995

 9. Betten L. J. Weather in our lives. Per. from English., M., Mir, 1985 (Chapter 7. Change in weather. Weakening hurricanes. p. 101.

 10. Dorling Kindersley. Science, Encyclopedia, 1997, p. 258.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of influencing atmospheric phenomena, based on exposure to atmospheric processes with sound waves and sowing reagents, characterized in that the effect is produced by adjustable frequency sound waves generated by the vibrational combustion of channel solid propellant active elements, the movement of which is carried out due to the reactive force generated combustion products flowing out of the element channel, and a given flight path and exposure with maximum intensity in a given atmosphere ensure attachment to the side surface of the active element parallel to the axis of the element along its channel profiled stabilizers.  2. The method of influencing atmospheric phenomena according to claim 1, characterized in that for enhancing the effect of sound waves, spraying of seeding reagents is used at resonant (for water droplets) frequencies.