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RU2166743C1 - Method of diagnosis of mating parts - Google Patents

Method of diagnosis of mating parts Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2166743C1
RU2166743C1 RU2000100252A RU2000100252A RU2166743C1 RU 2166743 C1 RU2166743 C1 RU 2166743C1 RU 2000100252 A RU2000100252 A RU 2000100252A RU 2000100252 A RU2000100252 A RU 2000100252A RU 2166743 C1 RU2166743 C1 RU 2166743C1
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Russia
Prior art keywords
mating parts
estimation
shaft
piston machine
crankshaft
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RU2000100252A
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Russian (ru)
Inventor
А.И. Горностаев
С.Б. Живов
Н.И. Пшеничкин
Ю.С. Медведев
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Военный автомобильный институт
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Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; estimation of state of piston machines. SUBSTANCE: method consists in estimation of technical of piston machine by amount of clearances in mating parts of crank mechanism through determination of amplitude and phase of impact pulses arising due to collision of mating parts at excitation of harmonic of harmonic flexural oscillations at natural frequencies in crankshaft of inoperative engine. EFFECT: enhanced accuracy of estimation of technical state of piston machine; reduced labor consumption. 2 dwg

Description

Изобретение относится к машиностроению и может быть использовано для оценки технического состояния поршневой машины. The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to assess the technical condition of the piston machine.

Известен способ оценки технического состояния поршневой машины по величине зазоров в сопряжениях кривошипно-шатунного механизма путем определения амплитуды и фазы ударных импульсов, возникающих от соударения сопрягаемых деталей при воздействии на них знакопеременной нагрузки (Авторское свидетельство СССР N 302647, G 01 M 17/00, 1982). A known method for assessing the technical condition of a piston machine by the size of the gaps in the mates of the crank mechanism by determining the amplitude and phase of the shock pulses arising from the collision of the mating parts when exposed to alternating loads (USSR Author's Certificate N 302647, G 01 M 17/00, 1982 )

Недостатком этого способа является то, что велика трудоемкость его реализации, так как необходимо применять специальное устройство для создания знакопеременной нагрузки, а также невысокая точность и достоверность контроля, заключающаяся в сложности выделения характеристических частот конкретных сопряжений из общего спектра колебаний. The disadvantage of this method is that the complexity of its implementation is great, since it is necessary to use a special device to create an alternating load, as well as low accuracy and reliability of control, which consists in the difficulty of distinguishing the characteristic frequencies of specific conjugations from the general spectrum of vibrations.

Изобретение направлено на повышение точности и достоверности контроля оценки технического состояния поршневой машины, снижение трудоемкости. The invention is aimed at improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring the assessment of the technical condition of a piston machine, reducing the complexity.

Решение поставленной задачи достигается тем, что на неработающем двигателе возбуждаются гармонические колебания в коленчатом вале на собственных частотах, форма которых задается уравнением

Figure 00000002

где S, V, U, T - функции Крылова;
βm - корень характеристического уравнения;
X - координаты по продольной оси вала;
A - постоянный коэффициент, определяемый из граничных условий;
l - длина вала;
m - 1, 2, 3,...The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that on an idle engine harmonic vibrations in the crankshaft are excited at natural frequencies, the shape of which is given by the equation
Figure 00000002

where S, V, U, T are the Krylov functions;
β m is the root of the characteristic equation;
X - coordinates along the longitudinal axis of the shaft;
A is a constant coefficient determined from the boundary conditions;
l is the length of the shaft;
m - 1, 2, 3, ...

Сущность способа заключается в следующем. Известно, что при возбуждении колебаний вала от постороннего источника (вибратора) на определенных частотах, в результате наложения возбужденной и отраженной волны на длине вала образуются узлы и пучности. При этом координаты пучностей однозначно определяются частотой возбужденного колебания и определяются решением уравнения формы колебаний коленчатого вала через функции Крылова и корни характеристического уравнения βm [Л. Ф. Лепендин. Акустика. М.: Высшая школа, 1978, стр. 134].The essence of the method is as follows. It is known that upon excitation of shaft oscillations from an extraneous source (vibrator) at certain frequencies, nodes and antinodes are formed as a result of superposition of the excited and reflected waves along the length of the shaft. In this case, the coordinates of the antinodes are uniquely determined by the frequency of the excited oscillations and are determined by solving the equation of the form of vibration of the crankshaft through the Krylov functions and the roots of the characteristic equation β m [L. F. Lependin. Acoustics. M.: Higher School, 1978, p. 134].

Figure 00000003

где S, V, U, T - функции Крылова;
βm - корень характеристического уравнения;
X - координаты по продольной оси вала;
A - постоянный коэффициент, определяемый из граничных условий;
l - длина вала;
m - 1, 2, 3,...
Figure 00000003

where S, V, U, T are the Krylov functions;
β m is the root of the characteristic equation;
X - coordinates along the longitudinal axis of the shaft;
A is a constant coefficient determined from the boundary conditions;
l is the length of the shaft;
m - 1, 2, 3, ...

Сопоставляя координаты пучностей и координаты коренных и шатунных шеек, определяют диагностические частоты, локально характеризующие сопряжения коренных и шатунных шеек. Это позволяет осуществлять частотную идентификацию коренных и шатунных подшипников коленчатого вала. Comparing the coordinates of the antinodes and the coordinates of the main and connecting rod necks, determine the diagnostic frequencies that locally characterize the conjugation of the main and connecting rod necks. This allows frequency identification of the crankshaft main and connecting rod bearings.

Например, для полной идентификации шатунных и коренных шеек коленчатого вала двигателя КамАЗ-740 достаточно определить формы колебаний для первых пяти мод (частот) фиг. 1, фиг. 2. For example, for complete identification of the connecting rod and root journals of the KamAZ-740 engine crankshaft, it is sufficient to determine the vibration forms for the first five modes (frequencies) of FIG. 1, FIG. 2.

На фиг. 1, фиг. 2 видно, что на частоте f5 можно определить зазор в 1-й коренной шейке, 2-й шатунной шейке, 5-й коренной шейке. На частоте f4 - в 1-й шатунной шейке, 3-й коренной шейке, 4-й шатунной шейке и т.д.In FIG. 1, FIG. 2 shows that at a frequency of f 5 it is possible to determine the gap in the 1st root neck, 2nd connecting rod neck, 5th root neck. At a frequency of f 4 - in the 1st crank pin, 3rd crank pin, 4th crank pin, etc.

Claims (1)

Способ оценки технического состояния поршневой машины по величине зазоров в сопряжениях деталей кривошипно-шатунного механизма путем определения амплитуды и фазы ударных импульсов, возникающих от соударения сопрягаемых деталей при воздействии на них знакопеременной нагрузки, отличающийся тем, что на неработающем двигателе возбуждаются гармонические колебания в коленчатом вале на собственных частотах, форма которых задается уравнением
Figure 00000004

где S, V, U, T - функции Крылова;
βm - корень характеристического уравнения;
x - координаты по продольной оси вала;
A - постоянный коэффициент, определяемый из граничных условий;
l - длина вала;
m - 1, 2, 3, ....
A method for assessing the technical condition of a piston machine by the size of the gaps in the mating parts of the crank mechanism by determining the amplitude and phase of the shock pulses arising from the collision of the mating parts when exposed to an alternating load, characterized in that harmonic oscillations in the crankshaft are excited on the idle engine natural frequencies, the form of which is given by the equation
Figure 00000004

where S, V, U, T are the Krylov functions;
β m is the root of the characteristic equation;
x - coordinates along the longitudinal axis of the shaft;
A is a constant coefficient determined from the boundary conditions;
l is the length of the shaft;
m - 1, 2, 3, ....
RU2000100252A 2000-01-05 2000-01-05 Method of diagnosis of mating parts RU2166743C1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2240529C1 (en) * 2004-01-19 2004-11-20 Рязанский военный автомобильный институт Method of evaluation of condition of mated parts
RU2293299C2 (en) * 2002-09-27 2007-02-10 Военный автомобильный институт Method of determining remaining life of engine crankshaft bearings

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3636468A (en) * 1969-01-07 1972-01-18 Broadbent & Sons Ltd Thomas Control system for maintaining a variable inertiavibrating body-substantially at resonance
US4730484A (en) * 1986-06-20 1988-03-15 Robert Olschefski Missing bearing detector
US5347857A (en) * 1991-06-07 1994-09-20 Caterpillar Inc. Phase detection apparatus and method
US5361628A (en) * 1993-08-02 1994-11-08 Ford Motor Company System and method for processing test measurements collected from an internal combustion engine for diagnostic purposes
RU98117685A (en) * 1998-09-25 2000-06-10 Военный автомобильный институт METHOD FOR DIAGNOSTIC OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2157983C2 (en) * 1998-09-25 2000-10-20 Военный автомобильный институт Internal combustion engine diagnosing method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3636468A (en) * 1969-01-07 1972-01-18 Broadbent & Sons Ltd Thomas Control system for maintaining a variable inertiavibrating body-substantially at resonance
US4730484A (en) * 1986-06-20 1988-03-15 Robert Olschefski Missing bearing detector
US5347857A (en) * 1991-06-07 1994-09-20 Caterpillar Inc. Phase detection apparatus and method
US5361628A (en) * 1993-08-02 1994-11-08 Ford Motor Company System and method for processing test measurements collected from an internal combustion engine for diagnostic purposes
RU98117685A (en) * 1998-09-25 2000-06-10 Военный автомобильный институт METHOD FOR DIAGNOSTIC OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ЛЕПЕНДИН Л.Ф. Акустика. - М.: Высшая школа, 1978, с.134. *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2293299C2 (en) * 2002-09-27 2007-02-10 Военный автомобильный институт Method of determining remaining life of engine crankshaft bearings
RU2240529C1 (en) * 2004-01-19 2004-11-20 Рязанский военный автомобильный институт Method of evaluation of condition of mated parts

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