RU2164378C1 - Method for making cadaver femur radiography - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves using a device manufactured from transparent polystyrene glass pieces of different thickness. The device has quadrate base which lower plane has four legs. The upper base plane is divided into two halves with a groove having one hole in the center and one in peripheral parts for fixing fastening upright manufactured as rectangle having on each of its planes a longitudinal straight line dividing the planes into two halves. One hole is available in the center and one on the edges on the lower end face facet for making fixation in the base slot. One hole is in the center of the upper end face facet for being attachable to it by means of fixing handle of the movable detachable circle having coordinate grid with 10 mm cell step on both X- and Y- axes. Montage holes are positioned in the points of intersection of coordinate grid lines. Cross-shaped fastening hole has rounded slits being 20 mm long and 5 mm wide. Circular limb has four sectors, each 90 deg large. One of them has discrete step of 1 deg with ticks spaced every 10 deg digital marks pointing to 0, 30,60 and 90 deg positions, guiding axes and axial handle placed in the middle of the circular limbs. The handle is usable for resetting and rearranging the limbs in the montage holes of the coordinate grid holes of the movable detachable circle. The cadaver femur under study is fixed in the device so that its posterior surface has tight contact with the upright and end surface of the condyles is engaged with the device base. Then the circular limb is set into one of the holes of the movable detachable circle so that the long axis of the circular limb strictly follows the longitudinal femur neck and head axis. Femur X-ray picture is taken in the top-down direction. Then, transcondylar line is drawn through femur condyles on the X-ray picture produced. The real femur neck head anteversion angle formed in intersection of the transcondylar line and long circular limb axis contour is measured. EFFECT: high accuracy in measuring the angles. 13 dwg

Description

 The method relates to medicine, namely to orthopedics, radiology, biomechanics, anatomy, anthropology.

 A known method for determining the anteversion (antetorsia) of the femoral neck (N. V. Kornilov, A. V. Voitovich, V. M. Mashkov, G. G. Epstein "Surgical treatment of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the hip joint." - St. Petersburg. - 1997. S. 50-51; VO Marx "Orthopedic Diagnostics" .- Minsk. - Publishing House "Science and Technology". - 1978. - 398 - 404 (Fig. 1).

 A close solution to this problem can be achieved using the methods described by V.O. Marx "Orthopedic diagnostics" Minsk. - Publishing House "Science and Technology". - 1978. - 398 - 404.

 The methods are as follows.

The patient is placed on the table x-ray apparatus. The legs are bent at 90 ^o and take away at 20 ^o . In order to keep the legs in position, use a sliding stand (Fig. 2). The angle of abduction on the stand is constant (20 ^o ), the height of the stand varies depending on the length of the hips (Fig. 3). A metal ruler is laid along the bottom edge of the cassette according to the location of the axis. The schematic image obtained in the images under normal relations is given in FIG. 4.

 However, these methods are complex, require special complex devices, additional complex tables, calculations and allow not to measure, but to determine the angle of anteversion (antetorsia) indirectly, therefore, not exactly, and are used in the clinic.

 Certain difficulties arise if it is necessary in experimental conditions to obtain accurate measurements of the angle of anteversion of the neck and head of the cadaverous femur and to obtain objective research data.

 The objective of the invention is the accurate measurement of the anteversion of the neck and head of the cadaverous femur according to its x-ray.

The objective of the invention is achieved by using a device made of transparent organic glass of different thicknesses, consisting of a base in the form of a square, the lower plane of which has 4 legs, and the upper plane is divided in half by a groove having one hole in the center and along the edges for fixing a stand made in the shape of a rectangle having on both planes along one longitudinal line dividing the planes in half, on the lower end face there is one hole in the center and along the edges for fixing in the groove I and one hole in the center of the upper end face for fixing to the latter using the locking knob of the movable removable circle having a grid with 10 mm increments along two axes - X and Y, mounting holes located in the nodes of the coordinate grid, a cross-shaped mounting hole in in the form of rounded slots, 20 mm long and 5 mm wide, allowing you to move the movable removable circle relative to the upper end face of the mounting rack and compensate for the 10 mm pitch of the coordinate grid, from a circular limb having four seconds ora 90 ^o, one with a readability measure 1 ^o, graduations every 10 ^o and digital markings 0, 30, 60, 90, guide shafts, the longest of which is made of metal in the form of thin rod, and at the center of the circular brim the handle-axis, which serves to rearrange and orient the latter in the mounting holes of the coordinate grid of the movable removable circle, fix the test cadaverous femur in such a way that its back surface is tightly in contact with the stand along the entire length, and the butt surface of the mice lkov - with the base of the device, after which the circular limb is installed in one of the holes of the movable removable circle so that the long axis of the circular limb strictly coincides with the longitudinal axis of the neck and head of the femur, then the thigh bone is X-rayed in the direction from top to bottom, then on the obtained x-ray draw a transcondillary line through the femoral condyle and measure the true angle of anterior neck femur anteversion of the transcondillar line and the contour of the long axis of the circular limb th bones.

 The invention is illustrated by the following figures.

 In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a "classical" angle of antetorsion of the head and neck of the femur.

 In FIG. 2 shows a device for laying a patient.

 In FIG. 3 shows a patient laying pattern.

 In FIG. 4 shows a diagram for determining the angle of antetorsion of the head and neck of the femur.

 In FIG. 5 shows the base of the device.

 In FIG. 6 shows the base of the device (bottom view).

 In FIG. 7 shows the stand of the device.

 In FIG. 8 shows the stand and base.

In FIG. 9 shows a removable movable circle
In FIG. 10 shows a removable movable circle (angled view).

 In FIG. 11 depicts a round limb.

 In FIG. 12 shows a removable movable circle and a round limb.

 In FIG. 13 is a complete assembly.

 In FIG. 14 shows a device with a fixed femur.

 In FIG. 15 shows a device with a fixed femur (top view).

 In FIG. 16 - fluoroscopy of the femur.

 In FIG. 17 is a diagram of measuring the angle of anteversion of the head and neck of the femur according to an x-ray.

 The method is as follows.

To the device (Fig. 13) made of transparent organic glass of different thicknesses, consisting of a base (1) in the shape of a square (Fig. 5, 6), the lower plane (2) of the base (1) has 4 legs (3), and the upper plane (4) of the base (1) is divided in half by a groove (5) having one hole (6) in the center and along the edges (Figs. 5, 6) for fixing the fastening post (7), made in the shape of a rectangle (Fig. 7, 8) having on both planes (8) along one longitudinal line (9) dividing the planes (8) in half, on the lower end face (10) along one hole (11) in the center and along the edges d For fixing in the groove (5) and one hole (12) in the center of the upper end face (13) for fixing to the latter using the locking knob (14) of the movable removable circle (15) (Figs. 9-10, 13) having grid (16) with a step of 10 mm (17) along two axes - X (18) and Y (19), mounting holes (20) located at the intersection points (21) of the lines (22) of the coordinate stack (16), crosswise the mounting hole (23) in the form of rounded slots (24), 20 mm long and 5 mm wide, allowing the removable movable circle (15) to be shifted relative to the upper end face (13) of the mounting rack (7) and mpensirovat 10 mm pitch (17) of the grid (16) of the circular brim (25) (FIG. 11-13), which has four sectors of 90 ^o (26) each, one of which with a resolution of 1 ^o (27), divisions (28) every 10 ^o and digital marks 0, 30, 60, 90, axes (29 ), the long (30) of which is made of metal in the form of a thin rod and located in the center of the circular limb (25) of the axis handle (31), which serves to rearrange and orient the latter in the mounting holes (20) of the movable removable coordinate grid (16) circle (15), fix the test cadaver of the femur (32) (Fig. 14) so that its posterior surface (33) is over the entire length tightly in contact with the rack (7), and the end surface (34) of the condyles (35) with the upper plane (4) of the base (1) of the device, after which the circular limb (25) is installed in one of the holes of the movable removable circle so that the long the axis (30) of the circular limb strictly coincided with the longitudinal axis (36) of the neck and head of the femur (Fig. 15), then radiography (Fig. 16) of the femur is performed in the direction from top to bottom, then on the obtained radiograph (Fig. 17) a transcondillary line (37) is drawn through the femoral condyle, and the true angle (39) of the anteversion of the femoral head is formed at the intersection of the transcondillary line and the contour (38) of the long axis of the circular limb. If necessary, restore the perpendiculars to these lines and determine the angle (39) formed by the intersection of the perpendiculars (Fig. 17).

Thus, the task was achieved by the fact that to a device made of transparent organic glass of different thicknesses, consisting of a base in the form of a square, the lower plane of which has 4 legs, and the upper plane is divided in half by a groove having one hole in the center and along the edges for fixing the mounting rack, made in the form of a rectangle having on both planes along one longitudinal line dividing the planes in half, on the lower end face one hole in the center and along the edges for fixing a groove of the base and one hole in the center of the upper end face for fixing to the latter with the help of a locking handle of a movable removable circle having a coordinate grid with a step of 10 mm along two axes - X and Y, mounting holes located in the nodes of the coordinate stack, a cross-shaped mounting hole in the form of rounded slots, 20 mm long and 5 mm wide, allowing to move the movable removable circle relative to the upper end face of the mounting rack and to compensate for the 10-mm pitch of the coordinate grid, from a circular limb, having of four quadrants of 90 ^o, one with a readability measure 1 ^o, graduations every 10 ^o and digital markings 0, 30, 60, 90, guide shafts, the longest of which is made of metal in the form of thin rod, and at the center the circular limb of the handle-axis, which serves to rearrange and orient the latter in the mounting holes of the coordinate grid of the movable removable circle, fix the test cadaverous femur in such a way that its rear surface is in full contact with the stance, and the end the condyle of the condyle is with the base of the device, after which the circular limb is installed in one of the holes of the movable removable circle so that the long axis of the circular limb strictly coincides with the longitudinal axis of the neck and head of the femur, then the x-ray of the femur is made from top to bottom, then on the received an x-ray diffractogram passes through the femoral condyle of the femur and measures the true angle of the anteversion of the head eyki femur.

 The method allows to objectively and accurately measure the angle of antetorsion of the head and neck of the cadaverous femur according to its x-ray.

Claims (1)

A method of measuring anteversion of the head and neck of the femur, consisting in x-ray of the hip joint, characterized in that they use a device made of transparent organic glass of different thicknesses, consisting of a base in the shape of a square, the lower plane of which has 4 legs, and the upper plane is divided in half by a groove having one hole in the center and along the edges for fixing a fastening stand made in the form of a rectangle having on both planes along one longitudinal line dividing the plane halves, on the lower end face, one hole in the center and along the edges for fixing in the groove of the base and one hole in the center of the upper end face for fixing to the latter using the locking knob of the movable removable circle having a coordinate grid with a 10 mm step along two axes - X and Y, mounting holes located in the nodes of the coordinate grid, a cross-shaped mounting hole in the form of rounded slots, 20 mm long and 5 mm wide, allowing you to move the movable removable circle relative to the upper end face of the mounting stand ki and compensate for the 10-mm pitch of the coordinate grid, from a circular limb having four sectors of 90 ^o , one of which with a resolution of 1 ^o , divisions every 10 ^o and digital marks 0, 30, 60, 90, guide axes, long of which is made of metal in the form of a thin rod, and the handle-axis located in the center of the circular limb, which serves to rearrange and orient the latter in the mounting holes of the coordinate grid of the movable removable circle, fix the test cadaverous femur so that it the back surface throughout tightly contacted with the rack, and the end surface of the condyles with the base of the device, after which the circular limb is installed in one of the holes of the movable removable circle so that the long axis of the circular limb strictly coincides with the longitudinal axis of the neck and head of the femur, then produce X-ray of the femur in the direction from top to bottom, then on the obtained x-ray, a transcondillar line is drawn through the femoral condyles and the transcodillus formed at the intersection is measured hydrochloric contour lines and long axis angle true circular limb anteverzii head of the femoral neck.

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