RU2163747C1 - Combined unit for simultaneous soil tillage and seed sowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: unit has conveyor, rotavator, cereal seed hopper, mineral fertilizer hopper, and seeding unit mounted under conveyor. Rotavator and conveyor are driven from tractor power shaft. Conveyor is positioned so that its angle of inclination with respect to soil surface may be changed. Seeds are supplied from hopper to seeding unit. Parts of unit adapted for moving seeds in the process of advancement of unit during seeding are driven by drive wheel. Unit may be used in intensive cereal crop cultivation technology. Combined unit of such construction provides equal feeding area to sown seeds. EFFECT: increased efficiency by sowing cereal crop seeds to optimum seeding depth, wider operational capabilities and improved crop yield. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering and is intended for use in agricultural production.

 The KA-3.6 combined unit intended for soil cultivation and grain sowing (Agricultural machines. Karpenko A.N., Khalansky V.M. 6th edition of processing and additional M: Agropromizdat, 1989) was adopted as an analogue ., 527 pp. Ill., Textbooks and study guides for senior higher education institutions, K-26, BBK 40.72, Fig. II, 17, p. 74).

 The unit includes a milling cutter, a universal lancet foot, and a C3-3.6 seeder. The mill and cultivating lancet paws are mounted on a single skeleton. C3-3.6 grain seeder is fixed to the skeleton of the tillage part of the unit. During operation, the milling cutter is driven from the tractor’s power take-off shaft, while it further crushes the soil treated by the paws. A grain seeder sows seeds in cultivated soil. The disadvantage of the unit is the impossibility of seeding with optimization of the nutritional area of the sown seeds. That is, it is impossible to sow according to the method as close as possible to the square-nest. Also, the optimum seed depth is not carried out.

 An object of the invention is to change the method of sowing, which consists in the use of a conveyor. It is located behind the cutter. The metering unit is located under the conveyor. In this case, the conveyor in order to change the seeding depth can change the angle of inclination relative to the soil surface. The unit allows you to introduce a technological production process, which consists in subsurface tillage. For this, a rotating cultivator is provided in the unit. At the same time, productivity increases, which achieves the optimal sowing depth and ensuring an equal area of plant nutrition during growth. The latter is possible due to sowing as close as possible to the square-nesting method. Changing the seeding rate is due to interchangeable gears mounted on the wheel shaft, shafts of screws, which are located in the seed hopper.

 Graphic materials are presented in six figures.

 In FIG. 1 shows the location of the main components of the unit. Allows you to determine the process during operation.

 In FIG. 2 shows the view of the unit when viewed from the front.

 In FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the conveyor.

 In FIG. 4 shows the design of the support of the tensioning shaft of the conveyor.

 In FIG. 5 shows the performance of the conveyor drive shaft, its support on the frame, the drive shaft sprocket.

 In FIG. 6 shows the performance of the metering unit.

 In the above figures, the cutter drive from the gearbox is conventionally not shown. The conveyor drive from the cutter shaft is not shown. Conventionally, the support of the cutter on the frame is also not shown.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention:
A. Description in a static state:
The following functioning parts are distinguished in the device: mill 1, ripper 2, conveyor 19, sowing apparatus 18, seed hopper 10 and fertilizers 8.

 The unit includes a rotary cultivator 2, which is fixed to the rack 3. The rack 3 is rigidly connected to the frame 22. A mill 1 is located behind the rotary cultivator 2, and conveyor 19 is located behind it. Mill 1 and conveyor 19 receive rotation from the tractor PTO through the gearbox 6. The drive shaft 24 of the conveyor 19 is mounted on the frame 22 by bearings 25. An asterisk 23 is rigidly mounted on the shaft 24. Bearings 34 are located on the shaft 24, which are connected to the pipe 30 by their housing 32. Mounted on the pipes 30 for connecting to the rod 20 Alzen 31. Rods 20 are connected to the second end of the frame 22. Pipes 30, the bearing 34 of the housing 32, the transverse beam 41 form a rigid structure. Compressed springs 40 are located inside the pipes 30. Pipes 27 are located in the pipes 30, which are connected to the bearing housings 28. The bearings 33 have a tensioning shaft 29 of the conveyor belt 26. The rods 20 are located on both sides of the conveyor 19, are fixed on the fingers 31 located on frame 22 and on the conveyor 19. The drive parts of the unit that carry out the movement of seeds during sowing, is provided by the wheel 14. From the wheel 14 rotates the seed shaft 7 of mineral fertilizers. A screw 8, a screw 12, and a scraper conveyor 13 are driven through a chain transmission. A scraper conveyor 13 rotates the feed screw 36 and the metering shaft 38. The metering shaft 38 with sections 39, as well as the feed screw 36 are located in the housing 37. Adjacent sections 39 on the shaft 38 are located with relative displacement relative to each other. Rods 20 are made of adjustable length. In the housing 38 of the metering device 18 under sections 39, a slot is made for the entire length of the housing. An apron 42 is mounted above the milling cutter, which is fixed to the frame 22. The coupling device 4 is designed to connect the machine to the tractor. The drive shaft 24 of the conveyor is mounted on bearings 35, which are installed, in turn, in the housings 25. The housings 25 are fixed to the frame 22.

 B. Description of the operation of the device.

 During the movement of the unit from the shaft 5 through the gearbox 6, the cutter 1 is driven. The conveyor 19 is brought from the cutter shaft 1. During the movement of the unit, the cultivators 2 self-rotate, i.e. their rotation is carried out due to the reaction of cultivators on the cultivated soil. The soil crumbles and loosens. Part of the soil processed by mill 1 falls onto the conveyor 19 and rises above the sowing apparatus 18. The sowing apparatus 18 produces sowing of seeds. The relative location of the seeds (after hitting the soil) is determined by sections 39 with offset and the thickness of the sections 39. The sown seeds are covered with a layer of soil, which ultimately determines the depth of sowing. The depth is controlled by the angle of inclination of the conveyor 19 through a change in the length of the rods 20. The drive shaft 24 of the conveyor is a reference.

 Seeds fall into the sowing apparatus 18 along an inclined shaft 17. To the shaft 17, the seeds fall from the auger 9 located in the seed hopper 10. In the sowing apparatus, the screw 36 feeds the sowing sections 39. Excess seeds from the sowing apparatus are discharged into the hopper 10. This is accomplished by a scraper conveyor 13. The scraper conveyor 13 performs the function of driving the feed screw and sowing shaft 38. The seeds entering the hopper 10 are distributed along the hopper 10 by the screw 12. The gears 21, 15, 11 are made by chains, and they transmit rotational force from the gear 16, n sajenes wheel on the shaft 14. Fertilizers are sown on soil treated cutter.

Claims (1)

 Combined tillage and sowing unit containing a cutter driven from the power take-off shaft, seed and fertilizer hoppers with conveyors and a feed shaft during sowing, driven from the drive wheel, characterized in that a self-rotating cultivator is installed in front of the cutter due to the movement of the unit, and installed behind the cutter with a variable angle of inclination of the conveyor, while the metering device is installed under the conveyor, and the conveyor is driven into rotation from the cutter shaft.

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