RU2157353C2 - Method of manufacture of heat-insulating building products and heat-insulating building product - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of building materials; applicable in manufacture of heat-insulating products from peat with comparatively low heat conduction. SUBSTANCE: method includes centrifugal-mechanical treatment of peat in hammer or disk crusher; introduction into peat of inert fillers (sawdust-chips, straw), additional introduction of starch in form of its glue. Peat subjected to crushing and mixing with filler irrespective of decomposition degree has moisture content up to 25% and preserved fine fibrous structure. After mixing prepared mass is molded into blocks with vertical two-sided blind holes displaced relative to one another. During molding, resinous substances are liberated which in subsequent drying bind together with starch glue peat fibers and filler. In course of drying, particles of starch glue become dried to form micropores in product which increased air amount in product to reduce its heat conduction. EFFECT: produced low-cost ecologically safe material with minimum power consumption and improved heat engineering characteristics of building structures. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction materials industry, in particular, to the development of a technology for the production of heat-insulating products using cheap material - peat, which has a relatively low thermal conductivity in its natural form.

 A known method is the use of peat for the manufacture of heat-insulating boards, in which the peat is pre-crushed, then treated with hot water and hot steam, as a result of which the peat fibers swell, become softer and easier to mold. With this method, the manufactured plates have very low strength indicators, and they use peat of the upper type, poorly decomposed, with a degree of decomposition of 4-10% (Reference on peat. Gosenergoizdat, Moscow-Leningrad, 1954, pp. 494-501 / Ed. N. I. Samsonova, I.E. Belokopytova, V.S. Varentsova).

 Closest to the proposed method is the manufacture of modular bricks, in which peat with a degree of decomposition of up to 20-30% is sieved to eliminate large inclusions, then it is moistened with heated water to a moisture content of 70-80%. The resulting suspension is ground in a special mill to obtain a peat binder, which is then molded and dried (patent of the Russian Federation N 2041185 C1 class. C 04 B 38/00, C 10 F 7/00).

 Molded building elements in the form of modular bricks are made with vertical through and one-sided through holes of small cross section, uniformly distributed along the spoon plane of the brick. Unilateral non-through voids are distributed between vertical through voids (patent of the Russian Federation N 2062843 class E 04 B 2/02).

 Both known methods provide for significant preliminary wetting of peat, and after its formation, drying, which requires significant energy consumption and large production areas for the evaporation of excess moisture.

 Through voids in a brick reduce its heat-insulating qualities.

 The purpose of the invention is to obtain, with minimal energy costs, a cheap, environmentally friendly material that improves the thermotechnical characteristics of building structures.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that peat intended for the manufacture of heat-insulating building products, regardless of its botanical composition and degree of decomposition, is subjected to centrifugal-mechanical treatment in a hammer or disk crusher with a moisture content of not more than 25%, while tar substances are extracted from peat.

 Then ground peat is mixed with inert fillers (sawdust, shavings, ground straw) and starch is added in the form of a paste.

 The most optimal ratio of components: 1 weight. including peat, mechanically processed - 2-2.5 weight. hours filler and the resulting amount of mass is added 2 wt. % paste.

 Pressing products is carried out on the press.

 Studies have shown that for a better compaction of peat mass it is advisable to use a multiple impact press.

 As a result of the mechanical treatment of peat in the crusher and the pressing of products from peat mass, tar substances are released, which, when the molded products are subsequently dried, bind peat and filler fibers together with a paste. At the same time, the thermal conductivity of the products is reduced due to the saturation of micropores formed in the structure of the product when the particles of the paste are dried.

 The heat-insulating building product is molded in the form of a peat-based block with vertical non-through holes in the spoon plane, while additional vertical non-through holes in the opposite spoon plane are made, offset relative to the first while maintaining vertical and horizontal heat-insulating stiffeners.

 The optimal cross-sectional area of non-through voids in the area of each spoon surface is 1/10 of its area.

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the location of the holes from the side of the opposite spoon surfaces, in FIG. 2-section aa in FIG. 1.

 With this arrangement of holes, heat-insulating vertical and horizontal jumpers are maintained, which ensure the rigidity of the block and increase its heat-insulating properties. In addition, this arrangement of holes helps to accelerate the drying of the blocks after molding.

 A pilot installation for the manufacture of blocks according to the proposed method is made and tested and received samples of thermal insulation blocks.

Claims (3)

 1. A method of manufacturing heat-insulating building products, including crushing peat under the influence of centrifugal mechanical loads and then mixing it with an inert filler, forming and drying, characterized in that the peat is subjected to grinding and mixing with the filler, regardless of the degree of its decomposition, with humidity up to 25 % while maintaining a fine fibrous structure and starch in the form of a paste in the amount of 2 wt.% is added to the resulting mixture.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of the products is carried out on a multiple impact press with release from peat exposed to centrifugal mechanical loads, resinous substances, providing, together with the paste, during the next drying, the binding of peat fibers to the filler.  3. A heat-insulating building product in the form of a peat-based block made with vertical through holes in the spoon plane, characterized in that additional vertical through holes in the opposite spoon plane are made, offset from the first while maintaining vertical and horizontal heat-insulating stiffeners.

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