RU2153401C1 - Pneumatic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation of grain materials by air flow; cleaning of loose materials, mainly grain, from light admixtures. SUBSTANCE: pneumatic separator includes pneumatic separating passage with transversal port for introducing the material to be separated where feeder is mounted. Surface of feeder has from of screen of hyperboloid of revolution of one nappe. EFFECT: improved quality of separation. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for the separation of grain materials by air flow and can be used for cleaning bulk materials, mainly grain and granular materials from light impurities.

 Known pneumatic separator containing pneumatic separating chamber and pitched trays with receiving descent edges, located one above the other, and the receiving edges of the trays adjoin one another, and in the trays there are slots directed along the movement of the material. The trays are made concave with a decrease in curvature in the direction of movement of the material, while the outflow edge is horizontal [1].

 The disadvantage of this device is that the grain stream, consisting of individual jets located in cross section in a checkerboard pattern at different heights, is distributed unevenly along the depth of the air separation chamber. In this case, the concentration of grain material is more significant at the wall of the air separation chamber located opposite the outflow edges of the ramp trays. In addition, with an increase in the specific supply of material, it is shrunk at a given wall. This is due to the fact that the initial grain material entering the pitched trays and moving along their surface under the influence of gravity from the outgoing edges of the trays in the air separation chamber moves along parabolic trajectories close to the wall of the chamber opposite the trays. Along with the noted, in the presence of an uneven grain level above the pitched trays along the width of the device, an uneven flow through the pitched trays along the width of the air separation chamber is observed. The disadvantage is the uneven supply of grain material over the pitched trays. As a result, the processing conditions of the grain material in the pneumatic separation chamber of this device are deteriorating.

 During operation, the main part of the air in the pneumatic separation chamber passes through the more loosened part of the grain flow due to the fact that it has less resistance to air movement. Therefore, the air flow rates in the pneumatic separation chamber are unevenly distributed, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of cleaning the grain mixture and the removal of full grain grain in waste.

 Closest to the technical solution and the achieved result, the proposed invention relates to a pneumatic separator comprising a pneumatic separating channel with a transverse window for introducing a separated material in which a feeder is mounted on the shaft. The feeder is made in the form of a corrugated roller with cells on the outer wall [2].

 This device reduces the unevenness of the supply of grain material to the pneumatic separation channel in time caused by fluctuations in the grain level above the roller, and also reduces the unevenness of its distribution along the width of the channel.

 However, during the operation of this device, the grain material, falling at different points on the surface of the cell and pushing off from them, moves along different trajectories, forming a jet. In this case, the bulk of the grain material comes off the surface of the roller cell at the very beginning of the rotation, and therefore is concentrated at the beginning of the "depth" of the jet. This leads to an uneven distribution of the grain material along the "depth" of the jet, and, therefore, along the depth of the air separation channel. In addition, this device does not provide when introducing into the channel of the grain material the allocation of straw impurities from it. Along with the aforementioned, when separating a grain mixture having high humidity and high specific feed, it is difficult to isolate straw impurities from the lower and middle layers of the grain flow due to the high density, as a result of which these impurities are removed with the main product. All this leads to a decrease in the quality of separation of grain material.

 The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of separation by pre-separation of straw impurities from the grain material when it is introduced into the air separation channel and uniform distribution of the grain material in the latter, as well as increasing productivity by increasing the working surface of the air separator.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that for a known pneumatic separator, including a pneumatic separating channel with a transverse window for introducing a separated material in which the feeder is installed, the surface of the feeder is made in the form of a sieve of a single-cavity hyperboloid of rotation, the central part of the feeder being hollow and activators mounted on the shaft .

 The execution of the feeder in the form of a sieve, and the hollow part of the central part, facilitates the passage of grain material through it into the pneumatic separation channel and the release of straw impurities on this surface from grain and small impurities. At the same time, grain and small impurities passing through the surface of the sieve are divided into two parts, one part of the grain mixture enters the activators fixed on the shaft, which are evenly distributed over the feeder section and, passing through the sieve, enters the air separation channel. Another part of the grain mixture, passing through the sieve, moves along the inner surface of the sieve and passes through the lower surface of the sieve and enters the air separation channel. Thus, the division of the grain mixture into two streams loosens the grain mixture, eliminates the accumulation of the grain mixture in the lower part of the sieve, increases the working surface of the inner part of the sieve and improves the process of pneumatic separation. In addition, the implementation of the surface of the sieve in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid of rotation increases the performance of the air separator, since the concave surface has a large working (along the length of the chord) surface compared to a straight cylindrical surface. Moreover, straw impurities, descending along the outer surface of the sieve, enter the pneumatic separation channel above the input of the grain mixture passing through the sieve, which also improves the process of removal of light impurities by the air flow and improves the quality of cleaning of the source grain material.

 As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect specified in the purpose of the invention, has significant differences.

 In Fig 1 and 2 shows the diagram of the pneumatic separator and three-dimensional view of the feeder. On the diagram of the pneumatic separator, the arrows show the movement of grain material, straw impurities and air flow.

 The pneumatic separator consists of a pneumatic separating channel 1 with a transverse window 2 for introducing a separated pile, in which a feeder 4 is mounted on the shaft 3, the surface of which is made in the form of a sieve of a single-cavity rotation hyperboloid, the central part 5 of the feeder being hollow and activators 6 mounted on the shaft 3 .

 Pneumoseparator works as follows.

 The cleaned grain heap enters the feeder 4. Grain and small impurities pass through the grating surface of the feeder to its hollow part 5, being divided into two parts - one part gets on the lower part of the inner surface of the feeder sieve 4, where it is subjected to rotational-boiling action under the action of rotational movement and, passing through the sieve, is evenly distributed in the pneumatic separating channel 1. Another part of the grain and small impurities enters the activators 6 fixed on the shaft, which are evenly distributed across to the cross section of the feeder 4 and, passing through the sieve, enters a pneumatic separating channel in an even layer 1. At the same time, straw impurities are separated by a lattice surface of the feeder before entering the grain pile into the pneumatic separating channel and fed into the pneumatic separating channel 1 above the zone of uniformly entering grain and small impurities.

 The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype [2] is to increase the productivity and quality of separation during the processing of grain heaps, which is achieved by the preliminary selection of straw impurities from the grain material when it is introduced into the air separation channel and the grain is evenly distributed in the latter.

Literature
1. A. c. 1165496 (USSR). Pneumoseparator / A.M. Korn, A.S. Matveev, A.A. Zyulin et al. (USSR) - Decl. 06/30/83 // Discoveries. Inventions -1985.- N25.

 2. Gortinsky V.V. et al. Separation processes at grain processing enterprises. M .: Kolos, 1980 .-- p. 268 - 270.

Claims (1)

 A pneumatic separator, including a pneumatic separating channel with a transverse window for introducing separated material, in which a feeder is mounted on the shaft, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of separation, the feeder surface is made in the form of a sieve of a single-cavity rotation hyperboloid, the central part of the feeder being hollow and inside activators are mounted on the shaft.

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