RU2147535C1 - Pneumotracked chassis and pneumotracked armored train - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: war material. SUBSTANCE: pneumotracked chassis has tracks consisting of metal housing, tyre and tube. Front and rear walls of housing are directed vertically downwards, and side walls are made inclined. Upper edge is rounded off. Branch pipe arranged in middle of front wall of housing is designed to let out connection of tube arranged inside track. Section of tyre at bottom of housing is cut into four flaps, like the flaps of envelope. Holes for screws are found in each corner. Part of tyre projecting beyond track housing is reinforced by steel and plastic threads to make it bullet-proof. Tyre is reinforced by fabrics and glue around hole for tube connection. Duralumin plate with screws is placed between tube and tyre. Screws pass through holes in flaps and are fastened by nuts. Spades with rollers or ball-bearing wheels moving in groves are installed at corners of track housing. Grooves are located on end faces of oval-shaped steel H-beams. One wall of groove is formed by detachable plate. Catch is provided on track bottom. Armored train consists of cars connected by rubberized gangway bellows with Armored protection of places of connection. Gangway bellows include steel shields placed one onto the other. Round or oval-shaped cover with skirt holding shields in pressed-to-car position is installed over shields at each of car. End face bearings on edges of cover and steel shields provide sliding of parts relative to each other and relative to car. EFFECT: enhanced roadability of chassis, provision of safety in close-in action. 7 cl, 27 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to military equipment and can be used to create a pneumatic tracked chassis and armored trains.

 Known tracked chassis consisting of trucks (SU 264924 A, CL B 62 D 55/08, published. 03.03.70).

 Known armored train consisting of wagons (US 2543054 A, CL F 41 H 7/02, published. 02.27.51).

 However, such well-known technical means do not have increased cross-country ability and are very vulnerable in the conditions of close combat.

 The technical result from the implementation of the invention is to increase the patency of technical vehicles and to ensure their increased invulnerability in close combat.

 This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a pneumatic caterpillar chassis consisting of tracks, these tracks are made of a metal casing, a tire and a chamber, the casing being made of steel or aluminum alloys, its front and rear walls go vertically downward, the side walls are inclined, the upper edge is rounded and in the middle of the front wall of the casing there is a pipe for the chamber pipe to exit, the tire is located inside the truck, and at the bottom of the truck casing, the tire section is cut like an envelope into four petals, in each corner of which there are holes for screws, and the part of the tire that extends beyond the housing is reinforced with steel and plastic threads and is bulletproof, the tire around the hole for the chamber pipe is hardened with fabrics and glue, and between the chamber and the tire there is a duralumin plate with screws that pass through the holes in the petals of the tire and housings and are fastened externally with nuts; at the corners of the enclosure there are openers with rollers or ball-bearing wheels moving along grooves located at the end of an oval-shaped steel I-beam - supporting structure tion, and one wall of the groove is a removable plate for removing the track from the track for repair, and there is a hook at the bottom of the track.

 To achieve the above technical result, a pneumatic caterpillar armored train consisting of wagons, in addition to their connection with a rubberized "accordion", has armor protection at the junction of the wagons, on the edge of the wagons the casing is thickened and forms a U-shaped "frame", curved overlapping hinges are attached to its side walls steel shields on the other, on each side of the car above them there is a round or oval-shaped lid with a “skirt” holding the shields in a state pressed to the wagons, the lid being firmly attached to the front end on to the thickened upper part of the U-shaped “frame” of the front carriage, and the ring below the cover is similarly attached to the thickened part of the roof of the rear carriage, while the end bearings are located along the edges of the cover and the ring, all these elements can be displaced relative to each other , providing turns of cars relative to each other with a high degree of protection of the places of their articulation.

 In FIG. 1-3 shows in three projections the main element of the pneumatic caterpillar chassis: front view (Fig. 1), top view (Fig. 2) and side view (Fig. 3). Pos. 3 - metal walls of the body, pos. 1 - truck tire, pos. 2 - camera, pos. 12 - metal pipe for the output of the camera pipe (pos. 11), pos. 5 - screw for the metal plate of the truck, pos. 4 - metal plate for mounting the tire, pos. 7 - opener track pos. 16 - roller or ball bearing wheel, pos. 6 - hook at the bottom of the truck, pos. 9 - removable plate of the guide beam or supporting wall, pos. 10 - screws for fixing the plate (pos. 9), pos. 20 - the inner part of the hinge rod with a thread at the end (see Fig. 2).

 In FIG. Figures 3-6 show in more detail the openers (pos. 7), their fastening to the bottom of the track with screws (pos. 15), the side walls of the groove (pos. 13) at the end of the support post, ball-bearing wheel (pos. 16); see FIG. 4, which also shows the axis (key 19) of this wheel or roller (key 16).

 In FIG. 7-9 show three projections of a pneumatic caterpillar chassis of a caterpillar trailer carrying a rocket.

 The roof (pos. 21) above the rocket, the rocket (pos. 25), the driver (pos. 23, the personnel (pos. 24) sitting with the driver in the cockpit, and the doors (pos. 99) through which the crew can go for their flight are shown the location between the roof and the rocket, or go outside, leaving the rocket launcher, rangefinder, devices for viewing the terrain (key 33), the driver's cab (key 32), the truck as a whole (key 26). .28), the axis of the mover (pos. 29), the front of the caterpillar (pos. 30), the "attic" between the roof and the missile being transported, the rocket lifting mechanism (pos. 31), transverse “boards” for fixing the floor (pos. 34), the lower cut of the caterpillar cover (pos. 35), the space between the “boards” (pos. 36), the lower steel skin of the floor (pos. 37), the driving wheel of the propeller (pos. 38), the casing (key 39), the protection system inside the track as a whole (key 40), the upper steel skin of the floor (without corners) (key 41), the space between the sprockets (key 42), the hatches in front (pos. 43) and rear hatches (key 44) (see FIG. eight).

 In FIG. 7 and 8, vertical transverse walls are visible (pos. 97), separating the space between the sprockets from the space of the location of these sprockets. In civilian vehicles they are absent.

 In FIG. Figure 8 shows the location of the motor (key 45) when viewed from above. In FIG. 9 shows the front protective plates (pos. 50) located on the front shaft (pos. 49) of their fastening at the lower edge of the bottom of the "body" and the casing of the tracks.

 In FIG. Figure 10 shows the washers (pos. 51) between the plates, the rubber coating (pos. 52) of the protection plates, the steel (duralumin) "body" of the protective plate, and the tubular fastening (pos. 57) of the rectangular plates. Pos. 58 - back row of protective plates.

 In FIG. 11 shows lateral rounded protective plates attached to the lower edges of the housings (key 56) with a cap and neck (key 55).

 In FIG. 12-14 are projections of the anterior caterpillar. Shown are the upper edge of the end of the I-beams forming a groove (pos. 59), the bottom (60) of the groove for the rollers (ball-bearing wheels), angles to support the front of the casing and its protection (pos. 62), engaging protrusions (pos. 95) of the propulsion unit .

 In FIG. 15 and 16 are two projections of the front and rear hatches. The upper (pos. 77) and lower (pos. 82) manhole covers are visible, the hinge (pos. 79) connecting the lid (pos. 77) to the cylindrical wall (pos. 100) of the hatch, the hinge (pos. 80) connecting the lid (pos. 82) with the wall (pos. 100) of the hatch, handle (pos. 78) for raising the top hatch, handle (pos. 81) for raising the bottom hatch, rubberized places (pos. 83) of the contact between the covers and the hatch wall .

 In FIG. 17 shows a paired pneumatic caterpillar vehicle with a rubberized "accordion" (pos. 63) located between the wagons connecting the wagons.

 In FIG. 18 and 19 show the upper and lower projections of the elements providing the connection of the armored train cars with the pneumatic chassis. In FIG. Figures 18-19 show a cover (pos. 67) for protecting cars from above in the place of their coupling, as well as an accordion (pos. 63), fastening (pos. 58) of the lid to the "frame" of the front carriage, along which the end bearings slide ( pos. 84) of the cover, and also steel sheets (pos. 65) of the lateral protection of the cars at the coupling point, interacting with the "skirts" (pos. 66) are also shown.

 In FIG. Figure 20 gives a detailed picture of an end bearing having a small ball (key 101), a large ball (key 71), a leg attached to the big ball (key 72) with a thin channel (key 74) in the middle for lubricating between balls having at the beginning of the funnel (pos. 73) for supplying oil to the channel, which is covered with a lid in the form of a plate (pos. 75), which is supported by a screw above the funnel (pos. 76).

 In FIG. 21 is a plan view of a ring (key 69) with fastening (key 70) to the rear carriage.

 In FIG. 22 is a vertical section of the track at the passage of the motor shaft, showing the structure of protection against the effects of shells on the armored train.

 In FIG. Figure 22 shows that the steel casing (key 39) is lined with ceramics, the blocks of which are connected to it with short screws (key 94). The casing has screw fastening (pos. 48) to the ends of the “boards”. Ceramic, stone blocks (pos. 86) of protection are located between the supporting I-beams in places free of sprockets. The protection blocks are surrounded by cases (key 93) with boundaries (key 91) between the blocks. At the intersections of the support posts (key 14), there are couplings (key 92). Long screws (pos. 90) serve to secure the track protection and are screwed into the second support wall. Pos. 85 - air gaps, rubber, crumbling tires used to protect the track together with cases (pos. 98) with gunpowder, protective blocks (pos. 89) made of steel balls and blocks (pos. 96) of steel or duralumin protection in the caterpillar next to mover.

 In FIG. 23 and 24 give options for the location of a short screw (key 94) in a block with a case (key 93).

 In FIG. 25 shows a variant with rocket protection with high tracks and a roof.

 In FIG. 26 depicts the option of protecting the tank with high tracks and a roof. Shows the tower (pos. 88) of the tank, the shaft (pos. 46) of the motor.

 In FIG. 27 is a front view of a pneumatic caterpillar bus with a passenger compartment (key 87) for passengers with relatively low tracks.

 Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention.

 The main element of the proposed track design is a pneumatic track. It consists of a casing 3 made of steel or aluminum alloys, having front and rear walls vertically going down, as well as two side inclined walls located at an angle, which, together with the bottom of the track, create a trapezoidal shape of the track, rounded from the top when viewed from the side.

 In the center of the front side wall there is an opening with a nozzle 12 of the track housing for the outlet of the nozzle 11 of the camera. The tire 1 basically fills the body of the truck 3, is rounded from above and protrudes a few centimeters above the edge of the metal body 3, creating its outer abutment surface.

 In the part adjacent to the bottom of the housing 3, the tire 1 is cut as an envelope into four petals along the diagonals. A metal plate 4, for example, duralumin or steel, is laid over these petals, and metal screws go down from it, which are passed through the holes corresponding to them in the tire petals and the bottom of the truck body and are fastened with nuts 17 from the bottom side of the case 3 parallel and centrally to the bottom the track is attached to the gear 6 (Fig. 2, 3, 5), clinging to which the gear mechanism of the sprocket wheels 28 of the propulsion unit moves the housing 3 and the truck as a whole 26 along a special groove 13 at the end of the support post 14 (Fig. 4). Four track coulters 7 are mounted on both sides of the hook 6 on both sides (Figs. 1, 3, 5), in the middle of each pair of which a roller or ball-bearing wheel 16 is located on the axis 19. The groove 13 is formed by the upper edge 59 of the end of the I-beam and has a bottom 60. The groove is also formed by a removable plate 9, attached to the supporting wall by screws 10 and which is the wall of the groove. The size of the plates exactly matches the size of the casing and allows, if necessary, repair to remove and remove the damaged track from the track. The enclosures of adjacent tracks are connected in the upper part by a hinge, the rod of which has an inner part 20 and a thread at the end (see Fig. 2). The hinge has a cylindrical part 8 with an internal thread at the end (Fig. 2).

 The mounting of the tire 1, the housing 3 and the plate 4 connecting them to the screws is as follows. The tire 1 is placed on the table with a convex part, its petals are folded down, and the chamber 2 is inserted into the tire 1 so that its pipe 11 enters the pipe 12 of the truck body and goes out. The chamber 2 is inflated so that its corners and corners of the tire fill the case 3, but not completely, and so that it is possible to insert a metal plate 4 between the chamber and the petals of the tire and pass the screws or screws 5 through the holes in the tire 1 and the housing 3. Then The camera is fully inflated. The tire petals are firmly established in their places, and the screws of the plate 4 protruding from the casing are firmly screwed with nuts 17 to the track casing.

 The tire, especially in the rounded portion protruding from the body 3 of the truck, is made bulletproof. At the location of the nozzle, the tire around it is glued with fabrics for hardening. The hole in the tire 1 is made of a larger diameter than the pipe 11 of the chamber.

 As an example of using a truck of this design in FIG. Figures 7–9 show three projections of a general view of a rocket launcher with a pneumatic caterpillar chassis constructed in such a way that the pneumatized wide and long tracks connected into tracks allow the rocket launcher to move as in a chain of pillows.

 The basis of the structural strength is four I-beams rounded at the front and rear of the steel beams forming four continuous grooves at the ends 13. Each track is supported by four coulters 7 and four rollers or ball-bearing wheels 16, and, since they are interconnected, two track chains are formed - right and left. In the future, these beams are called supporting posts for their functional role.

 Between the support racks 14 of one side there is a space occupied in front and behind by large propellers having a drive sprocket 28 and a driven wheel 38 (Fig. 7), while the drive sprocket 28 is located on an axis 29 connected to the motor. The sprockets cling to the hooks of the 6 tracks (Figs. 1, 3, 5) and when the motor is running, drive all the tracks.

 The rest of the space between the uprights 14 is separated from the sprockets by the vertical transverse walls 97 (Figs. 7, 8).

 The gaps between the sprockets and the supporting walls are filled with protective materials such as plates of steel or aluminum alloys, of plastic, forming the protection system 40 (Fig. 8), in the space between the vertical walls, ceramic, stone blocks (pos. 86) are used in cases 93 (Fig. 23, 24), layers of rubber, gunpowder in cases 98, creating an oncoming explosion and weakening the impact force of the projectile.

 Used hollow steel balls of the protective block 89 with a case. These balls are filled through the corresponding holes with basalt, granite, etc. Such balls are designed to disperse and weaken the breaking power of the blow. Instead of rubber, sintered and pressed crumb from old tires can be used, filling all voids and cracks in the protective wall. This material will "filter out" the crumbs from ceramics and stone, preventing such crumbs from falling into the stars 28 in order to protect them. Cases of 93 blocks are attached to racks 14 by long screws 90, as well as short and medium-long screws. At a height of 30-50 cm from the ground across the tracks and in one horizontal layer are located at some distance from each other reinforced concrete or steel "boards" 34 for fixing the floor (Fig. 25-27), mounted in the grooves of the support posts 14 and when exiting from the outside to the casing using screw fastening 48 (Fig. 22).

 In the region of the stars 28, the “boards” 34 are shorter, they enter only into the grooves of the inner posts 14 and are covered by a steel floor from above using its upper skin 41, and from below they are covered by a lower steel skin 37 of the floor. In front, for hardening, there are metal corners 62, from above covered by a steel sheet 61 (Fig. 12). On the "boards" 34, on the floor are the elements of the rocket's lifting mechanism or other cargo, and on top in this case is the rocket 25, for example, the Topol-M type (Fig. 7). In the space 36 between the “boards” 34, which in the case of a military vehicle can be metal, as well as between the floor and the bottom (Fig. 7), bounding these “boards”, narrow and flat gas tanks with devices for pumping gas into motor, as well as part of the load.

 The rocket with this design from the peaked or flat roof 21 to the hinges of the tracks is covered with a steel casing 39 (Fig. 9) having a ceramic litter covering it. The casing 39 is attached to the support posts 14 by fixing rods holding the protection units, and must be sealed to ensure buoyancy of the rocket launcher, tank, etc.

 To protect the driver and part of the personnel located in the cab, it is protected by a casing and ceramics. Bulletproof glass is used. The survey is carried out using a rangefinder 33 with devices for viewing the terrain. Part of the personnel and the landing can be located between the roof 21 and the rocket 25, i.e. in the "attic" 22 (Fig. 25). For accelerated escape of the rocket launcher, under the roof 21 there are front and rear doors 99 (Fig. 7), and at the front at the bottom - two rubber-sealed manholes 44, 45 (Fig. 8). In FIG. 15 and 16 are two projections of the front 43 and rear 44 hatches. The upper 77 and lower 82 hatch covers are visible, the upper 79 and lower 80 hinges for opening hatches. The cylindrical side walls 100 of the hatches at the points of contact with the covers 77 and 82 have rubberized places 83 for sealing the hatches.

 The pneumatic caterpillar chassis provides the opportunity to create new types of equipment such as "land cruisers" with great autonomy and promotes the revival of armored trains based on the pneumatic caterpillar chassis.

 Pneumatic caterpillar armored trains can repeat the above designs, and only the mechanism and form of connecting the armored train cars to each other, the safest for personnel, are disclosed here. In addition to the usual connection with a rubberized "accordion", the armored train at the junction of the cars is made with armor protection.

 On the edge of the wagons, the casing is thickened, on the side and on top it forms a U-shaped “frame” 64 (Fig. 18, 19), and steel shields 65 (Fig. 19), curved along the same radius, are attached to its side walls, overlapping each other. The shield, which is closer to the car, is attached to the side stand of the U-shaped "frame" of the rear car, and the front edge of the end bearings slides along the thickened side part, which is the part of the "frame" of the front car. The shield located at the top is pivotally attached to the “frame” of the front carriage and covers the rear shield from above, sliding on it with end bearings 84 (Fig. 18). The edges of all four shields (two on each side of the car) are covered from above with a round or oval-shaped lid 67 (Fig. 18), the edges of which, going down, form a "skirt" 66 of the lid (Fig. 19), which presses the shields 65 to the cars. Somewhat more central from the “skirt” along the edges of the cover 67 are end bearings, resting below on the ring 69 of the fastening 68 of the cover (Fig. 18, 19). The cover with its front end is rigidly fixed and has a fastening 68 to the beginning of the flattened upper part of the U-shaped frame of the front carriage, and the ring 69 is attached in the same way to the same flattened part of the U-shaped "frame" of the rear carriage using the fastening 70 (Fig. 18 , 19). The lower side of the ring 69 (Fig. 18) is also supported by end bearings against the upper flattened part of the "frame" of the front carriage. Thus, the lid 67 freely following the turns of the car moves along the ring 69, and it is likewise on the surface of the "frame" of the front car.

 The mechanical bearings used in the described construction are shown in pos. 84 in FIG. 18 and 20. They consist of a small steel ball 101 (Fig. 20) and a large ball 71, in which there is a cavity for a small ball. A large steel ball is heated best in an microwave and it expands. A small ball is placed in a container with liquid gas, for example with liquid helium. The small ball is compressed and under some pressure it is pushed into the cavity of the large ball. After equalizing the temperatures, the small ball can no longer leave the large ball.

 On the axial line of the large ball passing through the center of its hole and the imaginative center of the large ball, on the side opposite to the hole for the entrance of the small ball, a steel leg is attached with a thin channel 74 in the middle to supply lubricant between the balls. The other end of the leg 72 is attached to the object on which the bearing 84 is used, in this case to the edges of the cover 67, which slides along the ring 69 with the help of the bearing.

 Usually in the plate to which the leg 72 is attached, there is a funnel 73 (see FIG. 20), into which the oil is periodically poured. This funnel is covered by a plate 75, which, accordingly, is attached to the shield, covers and other objects with a small screw 76.

 The described pneumatic caterpillar chassis has peaceful applications.

 Pneumatic caterpillar trains without weighting protective devices can carry a lot of payload and have increased all-terrain, especially important in off-road conditions in Siberia, the Far East, tundra, sandy places. An example of such a machine is shown in FIG. 27, which depicts a pneumatic caterpillar bus with high traffic and carrying capacity. Tippers, machines with cranes for loading and unloading can also be built. All of them are necessary and have value for work in places with weak soil, as well as in winter, when a wheeled bus without a paved road cannot be operated. Finally, such vehicles, clad in a sealed casing, can also move through the water, acquiring features of a high degree of amphibianity.

Claims (7)

 1. Pneumatic caterpillar chassis consisting of tracks, characterized in that the tracks consist of a metal casing, a tire and a chamber, the casing being made of steel or aluminum alloys, its front and rear walls go vertically downward, the side walls are inclined, the upper edge is rounded, and in the middle the front wall of the housing has a pipe for the exit of the camera pipe, the tire is located inside the truck, while at the bottom of the truck body the tire section is cut like an envelope into four petals, in each corner of which there are holes for screws, and part of the tire protrudes outside the case, it is very thickened, the tire is made of rubber, reinforced with steel and plastic threads and is bulletproof, the tire around the hole for the chamber pipe is reinforced with fabrics and glue, and between the chamber and the tire there is a duralumin plate with screws that pass through the holes in the petals of the tire and housings and are fastened with nuts on the outside; there are openers at the corners of the housing with rollers or ball-bearing wheels moving along grooves located at the end of an oval-shaped steel I-beam - a support column Design, one groove wall is a removable plate for extraction of a caterpillar truck for its repair, as has the bottom of the truck hitch.  2. The pneumatic caterpillar chassis according to claim 1, characterized in that the support struts are made of steel I-beams in the front and rear, blocking the "body" of the combat vehicle, and the support struts are connected to each other by steel or reinforced concrete "boards" passing through the grooves in supporting racks.  3. The pneumatic caterpillar chassis according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains a gas tank, a motor, while long, narrow and flat tanks with gasoline and devices for it are located between non-combustible reinforced concrete "boards" bounded above and below by a metal bottom and floor pumping into the motor and part of the cargo.  4. The pneumatic caterpillar chassis according to claim 3, characterized in that in addition to the driver’s cabin there is a “attic” under the roof with entrance and exit doors to the “attic” for placing personnel, and several sealed hatches are made in front and rear of the floor for personnel to exit under the bottom, while the roof is flat or sharp, expanding in the middle or sliding to one side.  5. A pneumatic caterpillar chassis according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the caterpillar is dressed with a steel casing on all sides except the bottom, having a ceramic lining attached to the support posts with screws, and a system of protective elements in the form of sheets of steel or alloys is attached to the support post aluminum, plastic, cases with stone, rubber, steel balls with a hole for filling them with granite or basalt, and steel balls are tightly arranged in cases for spraying impact force, the space of stars is limited vertical transverse walls to protect the stars from crumbling, resulting in a projectile, while the space between the protective elements is filled with crumbs from old tires to disperse the impact force and "filter" the crumbs obtained from the destruction of ceramics and stone.  6. A pneumatic caterpillar armored train consisting of wagons, characterized in that in addition to connecting the wagons with a rubberized "accordion", it has armor protection at the junction of the wagons, on the edge of the wagons the casing is thickened and forms a U-shaped "frame", curved overlapping articulated to its side walls steel shields on each other, on each side of the car above them there is a round or oval-shaped lid with a "skirt" holding the shields in a state pressed to the wagons, with the front end lid rigidly attached to the thickened upper part this U-shaped “frame” of the front carriage, and the ring below the cover is attached in the same way to the thickened part of the roof of the rear carriage, while the end bearings are located along the edges of the cover and ring, all these elements can be displaced relative to each other, providing the carriages with turns relative to each other with a high degree of protection of their joints.  7. A pneumatic caterpillar armored train according to claim 6, characterized in that each end bearing consists of a large ball and a small ball located in its cavity, which cannot go beyond the large ball, since for introduction into a large ball the small ball is very cooled in liquid gas, it is compressed, and the large ball, on the contrary, is heated and expanding, the small ball is pushed into the hole of the large one under pressure, to supply lubricant between the balls, a leg with a thin channel in the middle, extending on one side in the body ball, and on the other - piercing the lid, ring, metal shields on which the end bearing is used, and in these objects the leg ends with a funnel, which is covered by a plate attached to the shield, the lid.

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