RU2143170C1 - Method for converting mechanical load power into cyclic movement power and device which implements said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: driven member 3 is designed as magnetic system with permanent magnets 5, 6, 59, 60. Driving member 2 is designed as assembly of members 4, 62, 63, which are made from magnetostrictive material. Members 4, 62, 63 are located within effective range of magnetic field of said magnetic system. Device operates, when members 4, 62, 63 of driving member 2 are loaded. Possibility of relative movement of members is provided by alteration of direction or amplitude of magnetization of material of said members 4, 62, 63 upon their mechanical loading. Relative movement of members 2 and 3 is designed as reciprocal or rotational movement. EFFECT: simplified design, decreased amount of materials, facilitated manufacturing. 17 cl, 23 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of instrumentation, mechanical engineering and measuring equipment and can be used in machines and mechanisms for various purposes, providing for relative cyclic rotational and / or translational movement of the driven and leading links of these devices through their energy interaction with each other.

 For example, it can be used in rotation motors, linear motors, in vibration and positioning devices for various purposes, as well as in equipment for measuring non-electric quantities (body weight, static and dynamic loads, pressure, etc.) of predominantly large values.

 A known method of measuring large forces (based on the conversion of mechanical loading energy into cyclic displacement energy), including quasi-elastic loading of a driving link (i.e., a housing of a differential induction sensor) and subsequent transformation of the energy of said quasi-elastic loading into electrical energy of measuring instruments (bridge electrical circuit current), which is then converted into displacement energy (work) of the measuring pointer (for example, arrows equivalent to omomu link) of the corresponding measuring means.

 The transformation of the energy of the aforementioned quasi-elastic loading into the electrical energy of the measuring instruments is carried out through an intermediate conversion unit, which is used as an electromagnetic transducer.

 A differential induction sensor is known for implementing the above-described method of measuring large forces, including a quasi-elastic loaded driving link (in the form of a support element and a sensor housing interconnected with one another with the possibility of mechanical interaction) and means for transforming the energy of the quasi-elastic loading of the driving link into electrical energy of measuring instruments and further into the displacement energy (work) of the measuring pointer (for example, arrows equivalent to the driven link) corresponding to Measurement COROLLARY.

 The means for transforming energy in the known device is made in the form of an electromagnetic transducer comprising two cores with field windings, between which an armature is installed (with the possibility of reciprocating movement). The measuring instruments are made in the form of a bridge electrical circuit of alternating current (see "Mechanisms", a reference manual edited by a member of the Corresponding Member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, S. N. Kozhevnikov, M., Engineering, 1976, pp. 635-636, fig. . 10.130).

 The main disadvantages of this method include limited functionality, since measurements according to this method can only be made using current sources.

 The main disadvantages of the known differential induction sensor for implementing the above method of measuring large forces include the complexity of its design and, as a result, the limited reliability regulated by a large number of mechanical and electrical links (as well as the connections between them), the combination of which ensures the industrial applicability of this known sensor .

 In addition, the known device that implements the above method of measuring large forces (based on the conversion of mechanical loading energy into cyclic displacement energy) has limited functionality since it can be used exclusively for its intended purpose and cannot, for example, perform the function of a rotation motor or translational displacement motor (linear motor).

 A known method of measuring high pressures (based on the conversion of the energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic displacement), which includes quasi-elastic loading of the driving link (i.e., the case-membrane system of a differential induction sensor) and subsequent transformation of the energy of the mentioned quasi-elastic loading into electrical energy of measuring instruments (electrical bridge circuit), which (i.e., electrical energy) is further converted into the displacement energy (work) of the measuring pointer (e.g. ery, arrows equivalent to the slave link) of the corresponding measuring instrument.

 The transformation of the energy of the aforementioned quasi-elastic loading into electrical energy of the measuring instruments is carried out by means of an intermediate conversion unit, which is used as a capacitor with an air gap between its plates.

 The capacitor included in the bridge circuitry disturbs the balance of the measuring bridge when the air gap between the capacitor plates changes (during loading). The pressure value is judged by the magnitude of the current strength in the measuring diagonal of the aforementioned bridge, reflected on the scale of the corresponding measuring device by moving the pointer (for example, an arrow equivalent to the driven link).

 A capacitive sensor is known for implementing the above-described method of measuring high pressures, including a quasi-elastically loaded driving link (in the form of a system: supporting element - housing - sensor membrane interconnected with the possibility of mechanical interaction) and means for transforming the energy of quasi-elastic loading of the driving link (system: supporting element - housing - sensor membrane) into the electrical energy of the measuring instruments and then into the displacement energy (work) of the measuring pointer (for example, arrows, ivalentnoy driven member) of the respective measuring means.

 The means for transforming energy in a known device is made in the form of a capacitive converter, i.e. a condenser, the plates of which are connected to the "support element - case - membrane" system in such a way that, under quasi-elastic loading of this system (driving link), the air gap between the capacitor plates changes.

 The measuring instruments are made in the form of an electric bridge circuit, through which, as previously indicated, it is possible to reflect direct or indirect measurement results by the magnitude of the current in the measuring diagonal of the said bridge, reflected on the scale of the corresponding measuring device by moving a pointer, for example, an arrow equivalent to the follower the link (see. "Mechanisms", a reference book edited by a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR S. N. Kozhevnikov, M., Mechanical Engineering, 1976, pp. 635-636, Fig. 10.129).

 The main disadvantages of this known method of measuring high pressures, as in the previously described case, should include limited functionality in view of the possibility of measurement exclusively using current sources.

 The main disadvantages of the known capacitive sensor for implementing the above method of measuring high pressures include the complexity of its design and, as a result, the limited reliability regulated by a large number of mechanical and electrical links (as well as the connections between them), the combination of which ensures the industrial applicability of this known sensor.

 In addition, the known device that implements the above method of measuring high pressures (based on the conversion of mechanical loading energy into cyclic displacement energy) has limited functionality since it can be used exclusively for its intended purpose and cannot, for example, perform the function of a rotation motor or translational displacement motor (linear motor).

 There are also known methods for measuring large forces (based on converting the energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic displacement by means of magnetoelastic force meters), including quasi-elastic loading of the driving link (an element of magnetoelastic material) and subsequent transformation of the energy of the said quasi-elastic loading into electrical energy of measuring instruments, which (t. e. electrical energy) is then converted into displacement energy (work) of the measuring pointer (e.g. arrows, are equivalent to the slave link) of the relevant measuring instruments (see. M.N.Gumanyuk, "magnetoelastic siloizmeritelej" Kiev, "Technology", pp. 35-65, 1981).

 The disadvantages of these known technical solutions can also include almost all of the above disadvantages of the previously described methods for measuring non-electric quantities (based on the conversion of energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic displacement) and devices for implementing these methods.

 A known method of converting the energy of dynamic loading of the driving link (piston-connecting rod system) into the energy of the rotational movement of the driven (crankshaft), according to which the dynamic loading of the driving link is carried out along a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the driven link, and the conversion of the energy of dynamic loading of the driving link by kinematic (mechanical) interaction with the driven link (i.e. kinematic interaction of the connecting rod heads with the corresponding neck and the crankshaft).

 A device is known for converting the energy of dynamic loading of a driving link (i.e., a piston-connecting rod system) into the energy of rotational motion of a driven link (crankshaft), according to which said energy conversion is carried out by means of a crank-slide mechanism formed by kinematic coupling of connecting rods of the driving link with corresponding slave cranks (i.e. with corresponding crankshaft necks).

 Moreover, the means of dynamic loading of the driving link (which is used as a piston cylinder with a compressed gas mixture) is located in such a way that provides dynamic loading of the driving link along a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the driven link, i.e. crankshaft (see. "Mechanisms", a reference book edited by a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR S.N. Kozhevnikov, M., Mechanical Engineering, 1976, p. 78, 81, Fig. 2.77).

 The main disadvantages of the known method of converting the energy of dynamic loading of the driving link into the energy of the rotational movement of the follower include the occurrence of dynamic alternating loads during operation both in the kinematic pairs of the driven and driving links and in dangerous sections of the driven link (coupling the crankshaft neck to the cheek) due to the presence of mechanical bonds between the mentioned links. And this entails a limitation of operational capabilities, in particular, a significant limitation in speed of rotation, which, among other things, is also limited by the complexity of the dynamic balancing (balancing) of the links during operation.

 The main disadvantages of the known device, designed to implement the above method of energy conversion, should include the complexity of its design, high metal consumption, low manufacturability and reliability.

 The latter, i.e., low reliability, is caused primarily by the fact that the directly design features of the known device cause significant alternating dynamic loads in the kinematic pairs and dangerous sections of the links during operation due to insufficient balance of the entire link system as a whole.

 In addition, the known device that implements the above method, based on the conversion of the energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic displacement, has limited functionality, since it can be used exclusively for its intended purpose and cannot, for example, perform the function of a meter of non-electric quantities (e.g., meter loads of predominantly large values), the function of vibrating or positioning devices for various purposes, or the linear function engine.

 The basis of the present invention was the task of creating such a method of converting the energy of mechanical loading of the driving link into the energy of the relative cyclic movement of the driven and driving links, as well as such a device for implementing the aforementioned method, by which the said energy conversion would be possible with the complete exclusion of mechanical and / or electromagnetic interaction of the mentioned links with each other and, accordingly, would increase reliability extend the operational capabilities of the device for implementing the claimed process due to the exclusion of said mechanical and / or electromagnetic interaction between functioning of the device, while ensuring its multifunctionality.

The solution of the problem according to the invention is achieved by the fact that:
- in relation to the subject of the invention "Method":
in the method of converting the energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic movement, according to which at least once the mechanical loading of at least one element of the driving link is carried out to a predetermined ability to ensure relative movement of the driven and driving links, and the conversion of the energy of mechanical loading of the driving link into the energy of the cyclic movement of the follower is provided through their relationship, according to the invention, the relationship of the leading link with the follower is carried out They are molded by magnetic interaction by using as a driven link a magnetic system with at least one permanent magnet, and as a driving link, a link comprising at least one element of magnetostrictive material, which is located in the magnetic field of the said magnetic system while providing mechanical loading of at least one element of the driving link, which is made of magnetostrictive material, and the possibility of relative movement of the leads The driven and driving links are provided by changing the direction and / or magnitude of the magnetization vector of at least one of the magnetostrictive material elements during their mechanical loading by a load of a given magnitude.

 It is possible to realize the cyclic movement of the driven link in the form of translational movement.

 It is also possible to implement the cyclic movement of the driven unit in the form of rotational movement.

 The most optimal change in the direction and / or magnitude of the magnetization vector of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link is carried out by means of a load applied in the loading plane, which is oriented non-perpendicularly to the magnetization vector of the said element of magnetostrictive material.

 In a number of cases, it is advisable to begin each subsequent mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link to a given load value not earlier than the beginning of the process of reducing the load from the previous mechanical loading of this element.

In some cases of a particular implementation, it is advisable to mechanically load at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link along one loading line, and before starting the first and each subsequent mechanical loading of this element, the driven link must be moved to one of the positions at which the angle between the aforementioned loading line and the direction of the magnetization vector of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link in the loading plane is different from 0 ^o and angles that are multiples of 90 ^o .

In other cases of a particular implementation, it is advisable to mechanically load at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link, for example, sequentially along two loading lines that are not parallel to each other, and before starting the process of mechanical loading of this element along any of the mentioned loading lines, the driven link must be moved to one of the positions at which the angle between the corresponding line (i.e., that line along which at the moment ayut exercise loading) loading direction and the magnetization vector of at least one element of magnetostrictive material of the driving member in the loading plane is different from 0 ^o and angles are multiples of 90 ^o.

 In the third cases of a particular implementation, it is advisable to mechanically load at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link, for example, sequentially along at least three loading lines that are not parallel to each other and that are rotated one relative to the other at close or equal angles in the loading plane.

- In relation to the object "Device":
in a device for converting the energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic movement, including the leading and driven links with means for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the leading link into energy of relative cyclic movement of the said links, as well as means for at least one mechanical loading of at least one element of the leading link, according to the invention, the driven link is made in the form of a magnetic system with at least one permanent magnet, the driving link includes at least one element made of magnetostrictive material, which is located in the magnetic field of the magnetic system with the possibility of providing a magnetic relationship between the links, which is functionally a means of converting the energy of mechanical loading of the leading link into energy of relative cyclic movement of the links, and the means of mechanical loading of at least one element of the leading link is located relative to this link with the possibility of changing the mentioned At least one element of magnetostrictive material leading link direction and / or magnitude of the magnetization vector during mechanical loading of at least one element of magnetostrictive material.

 In some cases, the slave link can be installed with the possibility of translational movement.

 In other cases, the driven unit may be rotatably mounted.

 It is advisable to arrange the mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link relative to this link with the possibility of loading the said element along the loading plane, which is non-perpendicular to the magnetization vector of at least one of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link.

In some cases of a specific implementation, the means of mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the leading link may include one loading unit, which, in the initial position of the driven and driving links, is arranged to load at least one element of magnetostrictive material the driving member along a load line oriented in the loading plane at an angle different from 0 ^o and from angles that are multiples of 90 ^o with respect to the magnetization vector upomyanutog of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link, and must also be equipped with means for moving the driven link, before each repeated mechanical loading of the driving link, to a position equivalent to the initial one (i.e., to a position from which the relative movement is guaranteed mentioned links in the case of applying a mechanical load to at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link according to the invention).

In other cases of a particular implementation, the means of mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link may include two loading units that are located one relative to the other so that the lines of application of the mechanical load are located in the plane of loading of at least one element from magnetostrictive material of the leading link is not parallel to each other, while each of the loading nodes in the initial position of the driven and leading links is located n with the possibility of loading at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link along the loading line oriented in the plane of loading at an angle different from 0 ^o and angles that are multiples of 90 ^o with respect to the magnetization vector of the said at least one element from magnetostrictive material of the leading link, and should also be equipped with means for moving the driven link, before each repeated mechanical loading of the lead, to a position equivalent to the initial one.

 In third cases of a particular implementation, the means of mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link includes at least three loading units that are located one relative to the other so that the lines of application of the mechanical load are located in the plane of loading of at least at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link is not parallel to each other and is shifted relative to each other at close or equal angles.

 Optimally, the means of mechanical loading of the leading link should be provided with a current source, and the load nodes should be made in the form of at least one package of piezoelectric elements (piezoelectric column) electrically connected to the current source with the possibility of cyclic and / or alternating connection to the said current source.

 The analysis of the prior art (both in relation to the subject of the invention “device”, and in relation to the subject of the invention “method”), including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed objects of the invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find analogues characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed objects of the invention, and the prototype selected from the list of identified analogues, as the closest the essentiality of essential features analogue, allowed to identify a set of essential, in relation to the perceived by the applicant technical result, distinctive features in the claimed objects of the invention set forth in the main claims.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the patentability criterion of NOVELTY under applicable law.

 To check the compliance of the claimed invention with the patentability criterion, the INVENTIVE LEVEL, an additional search was carried out for known technical solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed objects of the invention, the results of which show that the claimed objects of the invention do not explicitly follow from the prior art , since the level of technology determined by the applicant has not revealed the influence of the envisaged nnym features of the claimed subject transformations to achieve the technical result of the applicant sees.

In particular, the claimed objects of the invention do not provide for the following transformations of the known prototype object (both in relation to the object of the invention “method” and in relation to the object of the invention “device”):
- addition of a known object by any well-known attribute attached to it according to well-known rules, in order to achieve a technical result, in relation to which the influence of such an addition is established;
- replacement of any feature of a known object with another well-known feature to achieve a technical result, in respect of which the influence of such a replacement is established;
- the exclusion of any sign of a known object with the simultaneous exclusion due to the presence of this sign of the function and the achievement of the well-known (from the prior art) result for such exclusion;
- an increase in the number of similar features in the patented subject matter of the invention in relation to the known one in order to enhance the technical result due to the presence of precisely such signs in known (from the prior art) objects;
- the implementation of a known object or part thereof from a known material to achieve a technical result due to the known properties of the material;
- the creation of an object that includes known (from the prior art) signs, the choice of which and the relationships between them are based on known (from the prior art) rules, and the technical result achieved in this case is due only to the known properties of the known (from the prior art) signs of this object and the connections between them.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of the patentability criterion of INVENTION according to the current legislation.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed objects of the invention:
- industrial facilities that practically embody the claimed technical solutions in their implementation, are intended for use in industry, namely in the field of instrumentation, mechanical engineering and measuring equipment;
- for the claimed objects of the invention (as described in the independent clauses of the claims below), the possibility of their practical implementation using the means and methods described above or known on the priority date is confirmed;
- objects that embody the claimed invention in their industrial implementation are able to ensure the achievement of the technical result perceived by the applicant.

 Therefore, the claimed objects of the invention meet the requirements of the patentability criterion INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY under applicable law.

 The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for implementing the patented method.

 FIG. 2 - FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a possible implementation of the method according to the invention for various directions of mechanical loading of the driving link (i.e., a graphical illustration of the sequence of dynamic loading of the driving link within one complete (closed) loading cycle and the angular position of the driven link during sequential loading of the driving link along each of three marked loading lines).

 FIG. 8 is a general diagram of a device (made in the form of a rotation motor) for implementing the patented method with three pairs of loading units in the form of packages of piezoelectric elements (piezostubs) electrically connected to a (conventionally not shown) current source.

 FIG. 9 is a section along AA in FIG. eight.

 FIG. 10 is a general diagram of a device in a static state (made in the form of a meter of non-electric quantities, in particular, load) for implementing the patented method in which the loading of the drive link is carried out directly under the action of the load from the side of the monitored measurement object.

 FIG. 11 is a section along BB in FIG. ten.

 FIG. 12 is a view B of FIG. ten.

 FIG. 13 is a general diagram of a device (made in the form of a vibrating or positioning device) for implementing the patented method in which the driven link is moved back and forth (the initial position, that is, the position according to which the driving link is in an unloaded state).

 FIG. 14 is a general diagram of the device of FIG. 13, in which the position of the driven member of the device is shown after applying a load to the leading member.

 FIG. 15 is a general diagram of a device (made in the form of a linear motor) for implementing the patented method in which the driven link is moved back and forth (the initial position, that is, the position according to which the driving link is in an unloaded state concentrated by the load).

 FIG. 16 is a section GG of FIG. fifteen.

 FIG. 17 is a section along DD in FIG. 15 at the position of the slave link of the device after applying the concentrated load to the corresponding section (s) of the leading link.

 FIG. 18 is a diagram of the magnetization of a portion of a driving link (located in the zone of the driven link of FIG. 15) before it begins to be loaded with a concentrated load by means of a loading unit.

 FIG. 19 is a diagram of the magnetization of a portion of a driving link (located in the zone of the driven link according to FIG. 15) after it is loaded with a concentrated load by means of a loading unit.

 FIG. 20 is another general diagram of a device (made in the form of a linear motor) for implementing the patented method in which the driving link is reciprocating, and the driven link is fixed relative to the housing (initial position, that is, the position according to which the driving link is in an unloaded concentrated load "P" condition).

 FIG. 21 is a cross-section EE of FIG. 20.

 FIG. 22 is the same as in FIG. 20, but the position of the drive link of the device is shown after applying the concentrated load "P" to the corresponding section (element of magnetostrictive material) of the drive link (i.e., the load "P" is applied in accordance with the fragment "D" in Fig. 23).

 FIG. 23 - a sequential cycle of applying the concentrated load “P” to the corresponding elements from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link, which provides translational movement of this link in the direction of the arrow “S”, as well as the magnetization circuit of the magnetostrictive elements of the driving link due to their loading by the concentrated load by means of the loading unit, is stylized for a given sequential loading cycle.

 For a more complete understanding of the essence of the claimed invention, it is advisable to disclose in general terms the physical processes (phenomena) that occur in a magnetostrictive material (in this case, the leading link) under the influence of mechanical elastic deformations of this material, in particular the phenomenon of magnetic elasticity.

 First, the phenomenon of magnetic elasticity consists in a change in the magnetization (both in magnitude and direction) of a magnetostrictive material under the influence of mechanical elastic deformations.

 Magnetic elasticity is sometimes called the inverse magnetostrictive effect, in contrast to the direct magnetostrictive effect, which consists in the occurrence of mechanical deformations or stresses in said material when the magnitude of the magnetic field acting on this material changes.

 Magnetic elasticity is characteristic of materials with magnetostrictive properties.

 Secondly, in devices used in technology that realize their functions by using elements with magnetoelastic properties, magnetostrictive materials are used for magnetic field intensities far from technical saturation and for values of mechanical stresses significantly less than the elastic limit of the material.

 Under these conditions, all changes in the state of the magnetic material are determined mainly by the processes of reversible displacements of the boundaries between neighboring domains with different orientations of the spontaneous magnetization vectors and the absorption of some domains by others.

 The general properties of magnetic materials in the field of weak fields, taking into account the elastic effect, are currently fairly well studied. In accordance with these studies, in the field of weak magnetic fields or with small changes in the magnitude of the magnetizing field, the magnetization process is carried out by reversible displacements of the boundaries between neighboring domains with different orientations of the spontaneous magnetization vectors.

 Similar processes take place when elastic stresses (for example, with giant magnetostriction) are applied to the magnetostrictive material.

 The location of the boundaries between the domains is determined from the condition of the minimum surface energy of these boundaries, the magnetoelastic energy of the domains, and the energy of internal scattering fields.

 In the mentioned studies, it was shown that for homogeneous, i.e. of homogeneous materials without inclusions, the process of boundary displacement is almost completely determined by local changes in the density of free and boundary energies. Due to the even nature of the effect of mechanical stresses, it does not cause a displacement of 180-degree domain boundaries. The change in the volume of a certain domain occurs only due to its 90-degree boundaries with neighboring domains (see MN Gumanyuk, “Magnetoelastic Force Meters,” Kiev, Tekhnika publ., Pp. 7-8, 1981).

 In view of the foregoing, a method for converting energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic displacement according to the invention is as follows.

 According to the aforementioned method, at least once, mechanical loading of at least one element of the driving link to a predetermined load value is carried out. This predetermined load value is a calculated value that is selected (calculated) based on the condition of the possibility of providing relative movement of the links (for example, the driven link relative to the fixed driving link) during mechanical loading of the said at least one element of the driving link with the load of this given value.

 For example, if it is necessary to set the slave link to move in the form of rotational motion, this predetermined load value is selected (calculated) based on the condition that it is possible for the slave link to have a torque that exceeds the reactive moment on the slave side.

 The conversion of the energy of the mechanical loading of the driving link into the energy of the relative cyclic movement of the driven and driving links is carried out by providing magnetic interaction between the links.

 For this purpose, a magnetic system with at least one permanent magnet is used as a driven link, and a link comprising at least one element made of magnetostrictive material is used as a driven link. Mentioned at least one element of a magnetostrictive material of the leading link is located in the magnetic field of the said magnetic system.

 In this case, mechanical loading of at least one element of the driving link, which is made of magnetostrictive material, is ensured.

 The relative movement of the links relative to each other, for example, the movement of the driven link relative to the lead (in addition to the application, as previously mentioned, to the corresponding load driving link of a given magnitude) is also provided by changing the direction and / or magnitude of the magnetization vector “J”, at least one of the said element of magnetostrictive material during its mechanical loading by a load of a given value.

 Thus, the basis of the method for converting the energy of mechanical loading into the energy of cyclic displacement according to the invention is that for the interconnected by the magnetic interaction of the corresponding elements of the system, the leading link is the driven link with a single position of stable equilibrium (i.e., a steady state of relative immobility relative to each other ) is the position of the leading and driven links in which the geometric centers of the mentioned (connected by magnetic effect) elements are arranged relative to one another in a uniquely defined position, and the vector "J" magnetization, at least one element of magnetostrictive material oriented along the driving member (colinear) to the magnetic field of the magnetic system of the driven member.

 It follows that any change in the magnitude and / or direction of the magnetization vector “J” of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link by some external factor (which according to the invention is the factor of applying a mechanical load to the said element) leads and leading links from a position of stable equilibrium, i.e. causes their relative displacement.

 It is quite obvious that the method of converting the energy of mechanical loading of the driving link into the energy of relative cyclic movement of the driven and driving links according to the present invention allows (depending on the specific design of the devices for its implementation) to realize the relative movement of the links in the form of translational movement (motion), so and in the form of rotational displacement (movement).

 In more detail, particular cases of the implementation of the method according to the invention (taking into account specific restrictive conditions when using one particular case or another in loading methods of the driving link for implementing a particular type of movement on the driven link, i.e., performing work) are discussed below in the description of the corresponding specific devices industrially implementing the patented method.

 The device for converting the energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic movement according to the invention (see Fig. 1) includes the leading and driven links 2 and 3, respectively, located in the housing 1, with means for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the leading link 2 into the energy of cyclic movement of the driven link 3, and also a means of at least one mechanical loading of at least one element 4 of the leading link 2 made of magnetostrictive material.

 The slave link 3 is made in the form of a magnetic system with two permanent magnets 5 and 6, interconnected along the plane 7, which are advisable to install on the magnetic circuit 8.

 It should be noted that the magnetic system may contain (depending on the design and purpose of the device as a whole) any number of permanent magnets, however, it is advisable to observe a certain orientation of the magnetization vectors 9 of adjacent magnets, for example magnets 5 and 6, according to the described figure.

 The magnetization vectors 9 of all permanent magnets, in particular permanent magnets 5 and 6 in FIG. 1 (as well as in other figures of graphic materials) are conventionally indicated by arrows.

 In the described embodiment, the driven link 3 is installed in the housing 1 with the possibility of rotational movement along the arrow "M" by fixing it on the shaft 10 installed in the support 11 of rotation.

 The leading link, as mentioned earlier, includes at least one element 4 made of magnetostrictive material, which is located in the magnetic field of the magnetic system with the possibility of providing a magnetic relationship between links 2 and 3. This magnetic relationship of links 2 and 3 is functionally means for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the leading link 2 into the energy of cyclic movement of the driven link 3.

 The magnetization vector "J" of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 is conventionally indicated by an arrow.

 The vector "H" of the magnetic field of the magnetic system of the driven link 3 (in the area of the planes 7 of the pair of permanent magnets 5 and 6) is also arbitrarily indicated by an arrow and shows the direction of the magnetic field in the corresponding region.

 In the static position of the device that implements the method according to the invention (i.e., when the element 4 is made of magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2), the direction of the magnetization vector “J” of the magnetostrictive material of element 4 is controlled by the direction (vector “H”) of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic system (i.e. in this particular case - created by magnets 5 and 6 of the slave link 3).

 In other words, the magnetization vector “J” of the magnetostrictive material of element 4 (in the static, unloaded state of this element 4) is spontaneously oriented along the (parallel) direction (vector “H”) of the magnetic field created by the magnetic system (i.e., permanent magnets 5 and 6 slave link 3).

 This relative orientation of the magnetization vector “J” of the magnetostrictive material of element 4 and the direction (vector “H”) of the magnetic field of the magnetic system also determines the only possible position of stable equilibrium (i.e., the stable position of relative mutual immobility) of the driving and driven links 2 and 3, respectively and in the case of applying a mechanical load to the element 4 of magnetostrictive material.

 As a means of mechanically loading at least one element 4 of magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2, any means known in the art can be used according to the invention and capable of providing mechanical (in particular, dynamic, static, quasistatic, quasi-stationary, quasi-elastic, and so on .p.) loading of element 4 from magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2.

 For example, pneumatic or hydraulic-type loading units, loading units using materials having a piezoelectric effect, mechanical-type loading units, and the like can be used as said mechanical loading means.

 In particular, in the described embodiment of the device for implementing the method according to the invention, one pair of loading units 12 and 13 is used, made in the form of packs of plates of a material having a piezoelectric effect (piezo columns). To the ends of the mentioned packages of plates (piezostubs) of the loading units 12 and 13 are attached current-carrying electrodes, made, for example, in the form of plates with current leads 14. Current-carrying electrodes by means of current leads 14 are connected to a source of electric current (direct or alternating) with the possibility of cyclic (intermittent) connection of these load nodes 12 and 13 to said current source.

 In FIG. 1 (and other figures of the graphic materials of the application), the connection diagram of the current leads with the current source and the direct current source are not conventionally shown, since they are widely known from the prior art and are not an object of the present invention.

 The load nodes 12 and 13 are electrically insulated from the housing 1 and element 4 of magnetostrictive material, and the current leads 14 are electrically isolated from the housing 1 by means of elements 15 of dielectric material. In this case, the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 is mounted on the support 16, made mainly of non-magnetic material.

 Means of mechanical loading of at least one element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 is located relative to this link 2 with the possibility of changing in the magnetostrictive material of the said at least one element 4 of the direction and / or magnitude of the magnetization vector “J” during mechanical loading this at least one element 4 of magnetostrictive material.

 For example, the said means of mechanical loading can be located relative to the element 4 of magnetostrictive material so that the line of application of the load "P" (for example, the line "a", "b" or "c" of loading in Fig. 2 - Fig. 7) , from the side of this means of mechanical loading, was oriented non-parallel to the magnetization vector “J” of element 4 from magnetostrictive material in the static (unloaded) state of this element 4.

 In the general case (for example, when moving the driven link 3 in the form of rotational motion according to the invention), the means for mechanically loading at least one element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 should be positioned relative to this link 2 with the possibility of loading said element 4 along a loading plane located non-perpendicular with respect to the magnetization vector “J” of at least one of said element 4 of magnetostrictive material of the driving link and 2.

 It should also be noted that in this embodiment of the device for implementing the method according to the invention, it is possible not to provide for special (structurally independent) means for moving the driven link 3 (before each repeated loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2) to a position equivalent to the initial one.

 This is due to the fact that in this embodiment (Fig. 1) of the patented device, the movement of the driven link 3 to a position equivalent to the initial one can be achieved, for example, by selecting the load value "P" for each mechanical loading of at least one element 4 of magnetostrictive material and inertial properties of the driven link itself 3.

 For example, according to the implementation schemes of the patented method of FIG. 2 - FIG. 7, slave link 3 (with each loading of element 4 of magnetostrictive material along the load lines “a”, “b” or “c”), kinetic energy can only be stored in the time interval within which it (slave link 3) continuously rotates by the value of the acute angle between the magnetization vectors “J” (shown by solid and dashed arrows) of the magnetostrictive material of element 4, the directions of which are shown in the above figures as before the application of the load “P” (arrow denoting the vector “J” dashed line), and after application of the load "P" (arrow denoting the vector "J" by a solid line).

 Therefore, during the period of time the slave link 3 rotates by the specified acute angle, a force impulse (generated by the load “P”) must be applied to it (which would ensure that the slave link 3 is turned over (due to its moment of inertia) to the position equivalent (similar) or identical to the starting position of this link 3.

In particular, if you accept that in the device of FIG. 1, the load "P" to the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 can be applied only along the loading line "a", and take the position of this link 3 in FIG. 7, then the position equivalent to the original (i.e., the position of the slave link in Fig. 7) can be considered:
- from the point of view of the possibility of cyclic oscillatory movement of the driven link 3 relative to the driving link 2, the position of the driven link 3 shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 6;
- from the point of view of the possibility of cyclic rotational movement of the driven link 3 relative to the driving link 2, the position of the driven link 3 shown in FIG. 4.

An embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 is similar to the embodiment of the device of FIG. 1, but differs from the latter (the variant of Fig. 1) in that it (the variant of Fig. 8 and Fig. 9) is equipped with two additional pairs of loading nodes 17, 18
and 19, 20, which are made and installed in the housing 1 structurally identical to the previously described load nodes 12 and 13 (Fig. 1).

 However, in this design of the device, the load nodes 12 and 13, 17 and 18, 19 and 20 must be commutatively connected to a conditionally not shown source of electric current (i.e., for example, with the possibility of alternately connecting each of the aforementioned pairs of load to the said current source nodes 12 and 13, 17 and 18, 19 and 20).

 In FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the connection diagram of the loading nodes 12 and 13, 17 and 18, 19 and 20 with the electric current source and the direct current source are not conventionally shown, since they are widely known from the prior art and are not an object of the present invention.

 An embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention of FIG. 10, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1 and differs from the latter (the variant of FIG. 1) in that in it (the variant of FIG. 10, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12), a reaction is used as a means of mechanical loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 (for example, weight "P") of the controlled object 21 per cup 22 of the pusher 23.

 In addition, in this embodiment, the device (in connection with its use mainly as a meter of non-electric quantities, for example, load) means for moving the driven link 3 (after removing the load "P" from element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2) to the strictly original the position (at which the load value indicator 24 is located at the “0” mark of the measuring scale 25) is made in the form, for example, of a torsion spring 26, one end of which is fixed to the protrusion of the housing 1, and the other end is rigidly connected to the shaft 10 yedoma member 3.

 The pointer 24 is rigidly fixed to the end of the shaft 10, and the scale 25 is fixed to the housing 1.

 It is also advisable to ensure tight contact of the pusher 23 with the end face of the loaded element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 by means of an elastic element 27.

 An embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention of FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that, as a means of mechanically loading an element 4 of a magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2, one loading unit 12 (structurally identical to the similar unit in the embodiment of FIG. 1) is used, which is arranged in such a way that it provides loading of the element 4 of magnetostrictive material mainly along the loading line parallel to the reciprocating movement along the arrow "S" of the driven link 3.

 When this slave link 3 is installed in the housing 1 on the rails 28 with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the leading link 2.

 The possibility of reciprocating movement of the driven link 3 to a certain extent is ensured by the relationship of this link 3 with an elastic element, made, for example, in the form of a spring 29 tension.

 In this embodiment of a device that implements the method according to the invention, the function of the means for moving the driven link 3 (before each repeated mechanical loading of the driving link 2) to the initial position (shown in Fig. 13) is directly performed by the magnetic relationship between the links 2 and 3 of the device.

 This is explained by the fact that the magnitude of the magnetic interaction between the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 and the permanent magnets 5 and 6 of the driven link 3 changes during mechanical loading of the said element 4 by means of the loading unit 12 depending on the magnitude of the applied load.

An embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention of FIG. 15, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 by the design of the loading unit 30 and its location relative to the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2. Namely:
- loading unit 30 is made with many pairs of current-conducting electrodes with current leads 31 and 40, 32 and 41, 33 and 42, 34 and 43, 35 and 44, 36 and 45, 37 and 46, 38 and 47, 39 and 48, which ( pairs of current-carrying electrodes with current-carrying leads) are sequentially arranged along the length of the element 4 of magnetostrictive material (or, equivalently, along the direction of translational movement along arrow "S" of the driven link 3);
- the loading unit 30 is located relative to the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 in such a way that sequential loading by concentrated loads "P ₁ " and "P ₂ " of the corresponding sections 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 loading element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 in the direction non-parallel to the direction of translational movement along the arrow "S" of the driven link 3.

 The load sections 49 to 57 of said element 4 in FIG. 17, FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 are conventionally indicated by hatching limited by dashed lines.

 Guide 28 of FIG. 17 it is advisable to install in the housing 1 on the supports 58 of the slide.

 In this embodiment of a device that implements the method according to the invention, the function of the means of moving the driven link 3 (before each repeated mechanical loading of the respective loading sections of the driving link 2 by the concentrated load) to a position equivalent to the initial one is directly carried out by the magnetic relationship between the driven link 3 and the corresponding sections ( 49 - 57) loading the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2.

This is explained by the fact that the magnitude of the magnetic interaction between the corresponding sections (49 - 57) of the loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 and the permanent magnets 5 and 6 of the driven link 3 changes during mechanical loading with concentrated loads "P ₁ " and "P ₂ " corresponding pairs of said loading sections 49 to 57 of element 4 (by means of loading unit 30) depending on the magnitude of the applied load.

 The predetermined sequence of connecting pairs of current-carrying electrodes to an electric current source to ensure loading with concentrated load sections 49 to 57 of loading element 4 from magnetostrictive material according to a given program (regulating the movement of the driven link 3) is carried out by means of a commutative circuit for connecting current leads 14 of the corresponding pairs of current-carrying electrodes to an electric current source .

 The aforementioned electrical circuit for connecting current leads 14 to an electric current source and directly the current source are not shown conditionally in the drawings, since they are widely known in the art and are not an object of the present invention.

It should also be noted that in all the above-described embodiments of the patented device, the load direction "P", "P ₀ ", "P ₁ ", "P ₂ " in graphic materials is shown on the basis that the elements 4 are made of magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 made of material with positive magnetostriction.

 However, in the same constructive embodiments of the patented device, said elements 4 can also be made of negative magnetostrictive material.

In this case, the direction of the load "P", "P ₀ ", "P ₁ ", "P ₂ " applied to the elements 4 of the magnetostrictive material must be reversed.

This is explained by the fact that:
- when, for example, a uniaxial compressive load is applied to a magnetostrictive material with positive magnetostriction, the magnetization vector “J” of this material tends to occupy a position close to perpendicular to the direction of application of the above load;
- when, for example, a uniaxial compressive load is applied to a magnetostrictive material with negative magnetostriction, the magnetization vector “J” of this material tends to occupy a position close to parallel with respect to the direction of load application.

An embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention of FIG. 20, FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 15, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 by the design of the leading and driven links 2 and 3, respectively, and the installation method of the mentioned links 2 and 3 relative to the housing 1. Namely:
- the slave link 3 is equipped with two additional permanent magnets 59 and 60, mounted on the magnetic circuit 8, and installed motionless relative to the housing 1;
- the leading link 2 is equipped with two additional elements 62 and 63 of magnetostrictive material and, together with the loading unit 30, is installed in the bracket 64 (mainly of non-magnetic material) with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the housing 1 together with the guide 28.

 Vectors "H" of the magnetic field of the magnetic system in the area of the planes 7 of conjugation of permanent magnets 5, 6, 59, 60 in FIG. 20 and FIG. 22 are conventionally indicated by arrows.

 In addition, in FIG. 23 fragments "e", "e" and "g" show the sequence of application to the elements of magnetostrictive material 4, 62, 63 of the driving link 2 of the concentrated load "P", which provides translational movement of the driving link 2 when the load "P" is applied to it for a given closed loop.

 Accordingly, in FIG. 22 shows the position of the driving link 2 when loading an element 63 of magnetostrictive material in accordance with fragment “d” in FIG. 23.

It should also be noted that:
- firstly, in the described embodiment of the structural embodiment of the device for implementing the method according to the invention, the leading and driven links 2 and 3, respectively, can be made with a different number of permanent magnets and elements made of magnetostrictive material included in them, depending on the required amount of movement of the leading link 2 ;
- secondly, shown in FIG. 23 directions of application of concentrated load "P" are provided for those cases when elements 4, 62, 63 are made of magnetostrictive material with negative magnetostriction (although, as previously indicated, when changing the direction of application of concentrated load "P", said elements 4, 62 and 63 can be made of material with positive magnetostriction);
- thirdly, to ensure the possibility of moving the leading link 2 relative to the fixed driven link 3, the current leads 14 of the current-carrying electrodes are made, for example, flexible or other construction known from the state of the art that does not impede the movement of the leading link 2 during operation of the considered embodiment of the patented device.

 The operation of the device for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the driving link 2 into the energy of the cyclic relative movement of the driven and driving links 3 and 2, respectively (in particular, according to the embodiment of the embodiment of FIG. 1 into the energy of the rotational motion of the driven link 3) according to the invention is carried out as follows.

 First, it should be noted that the embodiment of the device of FIG. 1 is acceptable for the movement of the driven link 3 both in the form of rotational and in the form of oscillatory (reciprocating) motion.

In both cases (before the mechanical loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 is started by means of the loading nodes 12 and 13), the driven link 3 is set to this initial position (regulating the direction of the magnetization vector “J” of the said element 4 of the driving link 2, respectively), in which the loading of this element 4 by means of the load nodes 12 and 13 will be carried out along one loading line, which is oriented in the loading plane at an angle different from 0 ^o and from the angle s, multiples of 90 ^o with respect to the initial position of the magnetization vector "J" of the said element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2.

 Such an initial position of the driven link 3 can be, for example, the position of this link 3 shown in FIG. 7 provided that the loading line (along which the element 4 is made of magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 by means of the loading units 12 and 13) is line “a” in the same FIG. 7.

 In this initial position of the driven link 3, the magnetization vector “J” of said element 4 will be oriented as shown by the solid arrow in FIG. 7, i.e. in the direction of the magnetic field created by the magnets 5 and 6 of the driven link 3 in the area of the element 4 of magnetostrictive material.

 This initial position of the "leading link 2 - driven link 3" system described above will be the stable equilibrium position of the rotary-movable driven link 3 relative to the magnetization vector of the driving link 2. That is, in this position any movement of the driven link 3 is excluded while the parameters of the above system (leading link 2 - slave link 3), in particular when the direction of the vector "J" of the magnetization of element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 is unchanged.

During the mechanical loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 (by means of the loading units 12 and 13), as was previously described in detail, the direction of the magnetization vector “J” of the magnetization of the magnetostrictive material of element 4 changes relative to the direction of the magnetic field created by the magnets 5 and 6 of the follower level 3 in the area of this element 4. that is, there is a rotation of the vector "J" magnetization in the magnetostrictive material of the element 4 within 90 ^o (relative to the initial position of the vectors and "J"), wherein in the direction in which this vector "J" has been displaced relative to the line "a" loading in its initial position, i.e. before the application of the magnetization of the mechanical load "P" to said vector "J".

 In this case, the condition of stable equilibrium (immobility) of the driven link 3 relative to the magnetization vector “J” of the magnetostrictive material of the element 4 of the driving link 2 is maintained, and it (link 3) is rotated by a certain angle corresponding to the rotation angle of the magnetization vector “J”, due to the application of this element 4 is made of magnetostrictive material of mechanical load "P".

 This is graphically illustrated in FIG. 2, where the dashed arrow conventionally indicates the direction of the magnetization vector “J” in the magnetostrictive material of element 4 before applying a load “P” to this element, and the solid arrow indicates the direction of the magnetization vector “J” in the magnetostrictive material of element 4 after applying a load to this element ” P ".

 After unloading the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material, the magnetization vector “J” of the material of this element 4 retains its position, indicated by the solid arrow in FIG. 2 (i.e., it does not spontaneously return to its original position, indicated by a dashed arrow in Fig. 2), since the magnetic field of magnets 5 and 6 is oriented in the same direction as the magnetization vector “J” in the magnetostrictive material of element 4 .

 Thus, the movement (rotation) of the driven link 3 is carried out with a single mechanical loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 along one loading line by means of the loading units 12 and 13.

 For the cyclic movement (rotational or reciprocating) of the driven link 3, it is necessary to mechanically load the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 repeatedly at regular intervals. That is, at such time intervals during which the slave link 3 will be able to occupy the original or equivalent to the original position.

In particular, as indicated previously, if it is assumed that in the device of FIG. 1, the load "P" to the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 can be applied only along one loading line, for example, the line "a", and take the position of the driven link 3 of FIG. 7, then the position equivalent to the original (i.e. shown in Fig. 7) can be considered:
- for cyclic oscillatory movement of the driven link 3, the position of the driven link 3 shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 6;
- for cyclic rotational movement of the driven link 3, the position of the driven link 3 shown in FIG. 4.

 The movement of the driven link 3 to the indicated positions (initial or equivalent to the initial in this constructive embodiment of the device) is carried out, as was previously considered, due to the accumulation of kinetic energy by the driven link 3, in the process of its continuous movement (rotation), during the period of action of the mechanical load " P "on the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2, as well as the consumption of this reserve of kinetic energy for the work on moving the movable link (in this case, the slave link 3) to the above positions in the intervals between loading the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 with the load "P".

 The operation of the device for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the driving link 2 into the energy of the cyclic relative movement of the driven and driving links 3 and 2, respectively (in particular, into the moving energy of the driven link 3 relative to the driving link 2) in the embodiment of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 according to the invention is as follows.

 First, as in the previous case, it should be noted that the embodiment of the device of FIG. 8 and 9 are suitable for moving the driven link 3 both in the form of rotational and in the form of oscillatory (reciprocating) motion.

 However, it is most advisable to use this design of the patented device for the industrial implementation of rotation motors.

 In this case, it is optimal to use a three-phase electric current source of predominantly variable frequency as the source of electric current (commutatively connected to three pairs of loading nodes 12 and 13, 17 and 18, 19 and 20 by means of current-supplying electrodes with current leads 14).

 It is obvious that this design solution of the patented device can be used according to the invention if it is necessary to mechanically load an element 4 of magnetostrictive material of the link 2 either along one loading line (for example, line "a") or along two loading lines (for example, line "a" and "b"), and along three or more loading lines (for example, lines "a", "b" and "c"). The number of the aforementioned load lines is set during the design of the device, depending on the electrical circuit for switching current-supplying electrodes with current-supply lines 14 of the corresponding pairs of loading units 12 and 13, 17 and 18, 19 and 20 with the electric current source and the purpose of this device.

 In the first two cases (i.e., when loading an element 4 of magnetostrictive material along any one or any two loading lines), the operation of the device of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 is absolutely identical to the operation of the device of FIG. 1 with all the previously described restrictive conditions that enable the operation of the device in question for implementing the method according to the patented invention.

In particular, the previously mentioned restrictive conditions apply to:
- the relative position of the loading lines of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 and the magnetization vectors "J" in the magnetostrictive material of the element 4 of the driving link 2 at the initial (or equivalent initial) position;
- as well as the need for the slave link 3 to accumulate (during continuous movement of the mechanical load "P" from the magnetostrictive material 4 from the magnetostrictive material 4) so much kinetic energy that (at least energy) would be sufficient for further spontaneous movement ( i.e., inertia) of the driven link 3 to the closest position, equivalent to the initial position of the driven link 3.

 In the third case (i.e., when loading the element 4 along three or more loading lines), the operation of the device of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, from a physical point of view, is also carried out similarly to the operation of the device of FIG. 1. But when the aforementioned loading conditions are met, there is no need to comply with the previously described restrictive conditions regarding the possibility of ensuring the operation of the considered embodiment of the device for implementing the method according to the patented invention.

 In particular, there is no need to comply with the previously mentioned restrictive conditions with respect to the relative position of the loading lines of the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 and the magnetization vectors “J” in the magnetostrictive material of the element 4 of the driven link 2 at the initial (or equivalent to the initial) position. And also there is no need to comply with the above-mentioned restrictive conditions regarding the need for the slave link 3 to accumulate (during continuous movement of the mechanical load "P" from the magnetostrictive material 4 from the magnetostrictive material) so much energy that, at a minimum, would be enough further spontaneous movement (i.e., inertia) of the driven link 3 to the closest position, equivalent to the initial position of this link 3.

 This is because in the case shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the arrangement of the loading nodes 12 and 13, 17 and 18, 19 and 20, any arbitrary position of the driven link 3 and, accordingly, the location of the magnetization vector “J” of the magnetostrictive material of element 4 will always satisfy the above limiting conditions (with respect to relative position) with respect to at least one of the loading lines.

 This, in turn, makes it possible to move the driven link 3 (from any of its arbitrary positions) by loading an element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 along the corresponding loading line without using the inertial properties of this link 3.

For clarity, the full cycle of movement (rotation through 360 ^o ) of the driven link 3, according to this case of loading an element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 (i.e. along three loading lines), is illustrated in FIG. 2 - FIG. 7 graphic materials of this application.

 In this regard, a more detailed description of the operation of the device of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 (for the data discussed above, cases of loading of element 4 from magnetostrictive material of the leading link 3) in the framework of this application is impractical.

 The operation of the device for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the driving link 2 into the energy of the cyclic relative movement of the driven and driving links 3 and 2, respectively (in particular, into the moving energy of the driven link 3 relative to the fixed driving link 2) in the embodiment of FIG. 10, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 according to the invention from a physical point of view is carried out similarly to the embodiment of the device of FIG. 1.

 The differences in the work can only be seen in the fact that the loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 with a mechanical load is carried out by means of the static load "P" from the side of the controlled object 21, and the movement (return) of the driven link 3 to a strictly initial position is forced (t i.e. with the help of an independent means of return, in this particular case - means of return of a mechanical type), by means of a calibrated torsion spring 26.

It should also be noted that in this embodiment of the patented device the movement of the driven link 3 is provided (during the mechanical loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 with the load "P") in the form of rotation of this link 3 by an angle not exceeding 90 ^o , relative link starting position 3.

 That is, for this design of the patented device that implements the method according to the invention, the possibility of ensuring the movement of the driven link 3 in the form of a cyclic rotational movement during the cyclic application of the mechanical load "P" to the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 is excluded.

 In this regard, this constructive implementation of the patented device (Fig. 10) for implementing the method according to the invention is most expedient to use in measuring equipment for the industrial implementation of means for measuring non-electric values, mainly large values of these values.

 Based on the foregoing, a more detailed description of the operation of the device of FIG. 10, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 (for the case under consideration of the loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2, i.e., along the same loading line) in the framework of this application is impractical.

 The operation of the device for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the driving link 2 into the energy of the cyclic relative movement of the driven and driving links 3 and 2, respectively (in particular, into the moving energy of the driven link 3 relative to the driving link 2) in the embodiment of FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 according to the invention from a physical point of view is carried out similarly to the embodiment of the device of FIG. 1, providing for the loading of an element 4 of a magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 with a mechanical load "P" along one loading line.

 However, in this embodiment of the patented device, there is no need for preliminary orientation of the magnetization vector “J” of the magnetostrictive material of the element 4 of the driving link 2 with respect to the direction of application of the mechanical load “P” (loading line) to the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of this link 2 by means of the loading unit 12.

This is explained by the fact that:
- firstly, in this constructive solution of the patented device, a stable position (i.e., a position that excludes any movement) of the driven link 3 (in the static, i.e. unloaded state of the element 4 from magnetostrictive material) is ensured as through magnetic interaction the leading and driven links 2 and 3, respectively, and by means of a reactive force from the side of the tension spring 29, which (in the said static state of the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2) is in loaded (in this case, see Fig. 13, extended) state;
secondly, in addition to the slave link 3 in this embodiment, the device is in an artificially created (by means of a tension spring 29) stable equilibrium (immobility) position relative to the magnetostrictive element 4 of the leading link 2, this slave link 3 is installed with the possibility of return - translational movement mainly in the direction parallel to the line of application of the load to the said element 4 from the side of the load node 12.

 But it should be said that (in this embodiment of the device for implementing the method according to the patented invention), it is possible to install the driven link 3 and with the possibility of reciprocating movement in any direction that is not perpendicular to the line of application of mechanical load "P" / line of loading / to the element 4 from magnetostrictive material from the side of the loading unit 12.

 Under these conditions, during the mechanical loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 (by means of the loading unit 12), the physical and mechanical parameters of the system change: spring 29 - driven link 3 - element 4 of the magnetostrictive material (driving link 2) due to a change in the direction of the vector J "magnetization of the magnetostrictive material of the above-mentioned element 4 with respect to the direction (vector" H ") of the magnetic field (generated by permanent magnets 5 and 6) of the magnetic system in the corresponding region minute space magnetic interaction with the driving member 2 driven member 3.

 That is, the magnitude of the magnetic interaction between the master and slave units 2 and 3, respectively, of the device of FIG. 13 (as a result of applying a mechanical load “P” to the magnetostrictive material element 4), and, therefore, the driven link 3 moves in the direction of the arrow “S” (see FIG. 14) under the action of the spring 29 to a new position of stable equilibrium, regulated by the current reactive actions on this link 3 from the side of the spring 29 and the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2.

 After removing the load applied to the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2, the initial balance of forces (acting on the driven link 3 from the side of the spring 29 and the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2) is restored and this link 3 is established under the influence of the mentioned forces (t i.e., the forces acting on the driven link 3 from the side of the tension spring 29 and the magnetostrictive material element 4) to the initial position (corresponding to FIG. 13).

 When re-applying the mechanical load "P" to the element 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 by means of the loading unit 12, the above-described cycle of the reciprocating movement of the driven link 3 is repeated in the same sequence.

 The operation of the device for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the leading link 2 into the energy of the cyclic relative movement of the driven and driving links 3 and 2, respectively (in particular, into the moving energy of the driven link 3 relative to the driving link 2) in the embodiment of the patented device of FIG. 15, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 according to the invention is as follows.

 From a physical point of view, the process of converting the energy of mechanical loading of the driving link 2 by means of the loading unit 30 is similar to the previously described processes for converting the mentioned energy.

 That is, the aforementioned process of converting the energy of mechanical loading of the driving link 2 according to the invention consists in the fact that, as a result of mechanical loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2, the magnitude and / or direction of the magnetization vector “J” in the magnetostrictive material of the element 4 of the driving link 2 .

 Therefore, the values and / or directions of the corresponding parameters of the system “driven link 3 - element 3 of magnetostrictive material” (leading link 2), which (i.e., parameters) provide a stable equilibrium position (i.e. relative immobility) of the aforementioned, change system.

 This change in the parameters of the mentioned system makes the driven link 3 move to a new (different from the original) position of its stable equilibrium (relative immobility) with respect to the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2.

 A distinctive feature of the operation of the embodiment of the device of FIG. 15, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 is that the loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 is carried out along the loading lines, which are oriented non-parallel (mainly perpendicularly) to the direction of movement along the arrow "S" of the driven link 3.

In addition, the loading of the said element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 is carried out by means of the loading unit 30 not uniformly along the entire length of this element 4 (as in the previously described embodiments of the patented device that implements the method according to the invention), but by concentrated loads "P ₁ " ( tensile load) and "P ₂ " (compressive load), which are applied simultaneously to at least two loading sections 49 - 57 of the driving link 2 located in the area of the magnetic system (i.e. in the area of m magnetic field created by the permanent magnets 5 and 6) of the driven link 3.

The above theoretical calculations, allowing to provide the possibility of translational (or reciprocating) movement of the driven link 3, are clearly illustrated in the below-described figures of graphic materials of the present application, namely:
in FIG. 15 - the leading link 2 is not loaded with concentrated loads "P ₁ " and "P ₂ ", and the driven link 3 is in the initial position, in FIG. 17 - the leading link 2 is loaded with concentrated loads "P ₁ " and "P ₂ " in the area of the loading sections 50 and 52, and the driven link 3 is in a new initial position;
in FIG. 18 illustrates the directions of the magnetization vectors “J” in the area of loading sections 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53 and adjacent areas when the slave link 3 is located in the area of these sections according to FIG. 15 and in the absence of loading of these sections by concentrated loads;
in FIG. 19 illustrates the directions of the magnetization vectors “J” in the area of loading sections 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53 and adjacent areas when the slave link 3 is located in the area of these sections according to FIG. 17 and when loading sections 50 and 52 with oppositely directed concentrated loads "P ₁ " and "P ₂ ".

 It is quite obvious that the relative position of the magnetization vectors “J” in the loading sections 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53 and adjacent areas, after applying to the sections 50 and 52 a concentrated load in the opposite direction by means of the loading unit 30, allows the slave unit 3 to move from the position of this link 3 in FIG. 15 to the position of link 3 of FIG. 17.

 The further movement of the driven link 3 in the direction of movement of this link 4 along the arrow "S" is carried out in a similar way. That is, by applying concentrated loads (mainly in the opposite direction) to those loading sections that are in this position of the driven link 3 (see FIG. 17) located in the zone of the magnetic field created by this link 3.

 That is, according to FIG. 17 - to sections 51 and 53 of the loading according to the above loading scheme (see Fig. 19).

It should also be noted that with this structural embodiment of the patented device (Fig. 15 and Fig. 16), it is advisable to install the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 in the housing 1 in a preloaded load (distributed along the length of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material "P ₀ " ) condition.

This is explained by the fact that the preloading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 significantly increases the range of possible stresses (i.e., for example, uniaxial tension-compression stresses) in the load sections 49-57 of the said element 4 of the driving link 2 by concentrated (and in a certain way applied to the element 4 of the leading link 2) mechanical loads "P ₁ " and "P ₂ " during operation of the device.

 In addition, the preliminary loading of the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 simplifies the design of this device as a whole and increases (expands) its functionality in terms of industrial applicability.

 The operation of the device for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the leading link 2 into the energy of the cyclic relative movement of the driven and driving links 3 and 2, respectively (in particular, into the energy of the translational movement of the driving link 2 relative to the driven link 3) in the embodiment of the patented device of FIG. 20, FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 for implementing the method according to the invention is as follows.

 From a physical point of view, the process of converting the energy of mechanical loading by a mechanical load “P” of an element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 (by means of the loading unit 30) is similar to the previously described processes for converting said energy, which, for example, occur in the embodiment of the device (for implementing the method according to invention) of FIG. 15, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17.

 The above theoretical calculations (allowing to provide the possibility of translational or reciprocal movement of the leading link 2 relative to the slave link 3) are clearly illustrated in figures 20, 22 and 23 of the graphic materials of this application.

 However, it is advisable to give a more detailed description of the mentioned figures of graphic materials, taking into account the reflection (based on the information realized through these figures) of physical processes that are realized as a result of the predominantly cyclic application of the mechanical load "P" to the corresponding elements 4 of the magnetostrictive material of the link 2.

Namely:
on Fig - shows the leading link 2, not loaded with concentrated mechanical load "P" and located in its original position;
in FIG. 22 shows a driving link 2 loaded with a concentrated mechanical load "P" in the area of a magnetostrictive material element 63 and in a new position, equivalent to the initial one, that is, in a state of stable equilibrium, from which, when applied to the corresponding element 4 of magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 of said load "P", the driving link 2 is moved along the arrow "S";
in FIG. 23 illustrates the directions of the magnetization vectors “J” of the elements 4, 62 and 63 of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link 2 when these elements 4, 62 and 63 are loaded with concentrated mechanical loads “P” according to those indicated on the fragments “e”, “e” and “g” "of this figure, the loading sequence of elements 4, 62, and 63 of magnetostrictive material in a closed cycle.

 It is quite obvious that the relative position of the magnetization vectors "J" of the elements 4, 62 and 63 of the magnetostrictive material of the link 2 after applying to these elements 4, 62 and 63 (in a certain sequence, see Fig. 23) a concentrated compressive mechanical load (by loading node 30) provides sequential movement of the leading link 2 from the initial position (see Fig. 20) in the direction of the arrow "S", i.e. to the position of this link 2, equivalent to the original (see Fig. 22).

 This is explained as follows.

 Firstly, it should be noted that in this structural embodiment of the patented device that implements the method according to the invention, the leading and driven links 2 and 3, respectively, are in a stable equilibrium position (relative immobility) with respect to each other only in cases where the geometric center of any group from among the elements 4, 62 and 63 of magnetostrictive material, contributing to the magnitude of the force of the pondermotor interaction between links 2 and 3 (i.e., the forces of magnetic attraction between the mentioned links yami 2 and 3 ensuring the movement of the driving member 2) is in one of the zones of the magnetic system with the maximum value of the magnetic field parallel to the direction of movement of the driving member 2 and generated by this magnet system. In this constructive embodiment of the patented device, the zones of the magnetic field of the magnetic system with the maximum magnitude of tension are the areas of the location of the planes 7 of the pair of permanent magnets 5, 6, 59, 60 of the magnetic system. That is, FIG. 20 shows one of the possible positions of the mutual stable equilibrium of the leading and the driven links 2 and 3.

 Secondly, when a magnetostrictive material is applied to the element 63 (Fig. 23, fragment “d”) of the driving link 2 (in the initial position according to FIG. 20), the concentrated mechanical load “P” is the magnetization vector “J” of the material of this element 63 from the starting position of FIG. 20 (parallel to the vector "H" of the magnetic field of the magnetic system) is rotated to a new position. That is, in a position perpendicular to the vector "H" of the magnetic field of the magnetic system in the region of this element 63 of magnetostrictive material (Fig. 22 or Fig. 23, fragment "d").

 It is well known that at this (mutually perpendicular) position of the magnetization vector “J” of the element 63 of magnetostrictive material (with negative magnetostriction) and the magnetic field vector “H” of the magnetic system (shown in Fig. 20, Fig. 21 and Fig. 22) between the mentioned element 63 and the magnetic system of the driven link 3 there is practically no force of magnetic attraction.

 Therefore, in the case under consideration, the application of a concentrated mechanical load "P" to the element 63 of magnetostrictive material, this element 63 can conditionally be taken as an element of non-magnetic material, since it does not have any significant effect on the magnetic interaction between the driving link 2 and the driven link 3 .

 That is, in this case, we can conditionally assume that the driving link 2 includes only two magnetic elements 4 and 62 of magnetostrictive material.

 Therefore, the previously described position of stable equilibrium of the leading and driven links 2 and 3 is violated, because, in essence, the geometric center of the group of magnetic elements under consideration is displaced from the geometric center of the group of elements 4, 62 and 63 to the geometric center of the group of magnetic elements 4 and 62 of magnetostrictive material onto the interface plane of these elements 4 and 62, since the element 63 in this case becomes conditionally non-magnetic.

 Thus, in order for the driven and driving links 3 and 2, respectively, to again occupy the position of relative stable equilibrium, it is necessary that the geometric center of the system of magnetic elements 4 and 62 of magnetostrictive material (located in the interface plane of these elements 4 and 62) move to the zone the nearest maximum magnetic field of the magnetic system, i.e. to the position shown in FIG. 22 and on fragment “d” of FIG. 23.

 Thus, the leading link 2 is forced to move one step in the direction indicated by the arrow "S" until the geometrical center of the system of magnetic elements 4 and 62 of the magnetostrictive material is located in the region of the closest maximum magnetic field of the magnetic system.

 The second step of moving the leading link (Fig. 23, fragment "e") is carried out in a completely similar (with respect to the above) method.

 That is, the concentrated load "P" is removed from the element 63 of the driving link 2 and is simultaneously applied to the element 4 from the magnetostrictive material of this link 2.

 As a result, the geometrical center of the system of the remaining magnetic elements 62 and 63 of the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 is located in the conjugation plane of these elements 62 and 63, and the leading link 2 is forced to move along the arrow "S" to the zone of the magnetic field of the magnetic system mentioned above, to the moment the geometric center of the system of said magnetic elements 62 and 63 is located in the region of this closest maximum magnetic field of the magnetic system.

 The third step of moving the leading link (Fig. 23, fragment "g") is carried out in a completely similar (with respect to the above) method.

 That is, the concentrated load "P" is removed from the element 4 of the driving link 2 and is simultaneously applied to the element 62 from the magnetostrictive material of this link 2.

 As a result, the geometric center of the system of the remaining magnetic elements 4 and 63 of the magnetostrictive material of the leading link 2 is located in the center of the link 62 of magnetostrictive material, and the leading link 2 is forced to move along the arrow "S" until the geometric center of the system of the mentioned magnetic elements 4 and 63 the zone of the previously mentioned nearest maximum magnetic field of the magnetic system.

 To further move the link 2 in the direction of the arrow "S", the loading cycle of the corresponding elements 4, 62, 63 of the magnetostrictive material of the link 2 is repeated in the same (above) sequence.

 It is also advisable to note that in this embodiment of the patented device that implements the method according to the invention, to ensure the unambiguity of the movement of the leading link 2 only in a given direction of movement, it is necessary to use permanent magnets 5, 6, 59, 60 and elements 4, 62 and 63 of magnetostrictive the material of the leading link 2 with such geometric parameters that would ensure the location of the aforementioned nearest maximum of the magnetic field of the magnetic system with that sides from the geometric center of the groups of corresponding magnetic elements 4, 62, 63, into which the leading link 2 should move.

 It is reasonable to carry out this embodiment of the patented device with the driven link 3, which includes at least two groups of permanent magnets of the driven link 3 symmetrically located relative to the driving link 2, each of which (mentioned groups) can be made, for example, structurally identical to the group of permanent magnets 5, 6, 59, 60 of FIG. 20.

 This makes it easier to move the leading link 2, since (with such a design solution) the attraction of the said leading link 2 to the driven link 3 is compensated for in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement (for example, along the arrow "S") of this link 2. Therefore, the friction in supports 58 of the guide 28 of the leading link 2.

 Thus, the invention can be industrially implemented in the field of instrumentation, mechanical engineering and measuring equipment, in particular in machines and mechanisms for various purposes, providing for cyclic rotational and / or translational movement of the driven links of these devices through their energy interaction with the corresponding leading links. Namely: in rotation motors, translational displacement engines (linear motors), in vibration and positioning devices for various purposes, in devices for measuring non-electric quantities (for example, body mass, static and dynamic loads, displacement, pressure, etc.) mainly large values, and other devices whose functions are to convert the energy of the leading link into the energy of movement (work) of the driven link.

Claims (17)

 1. The method of converting the energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic movement, according to which at least once carry out mechanical loading of at least one element of the driving link to a given load value, which is selected from the condition of the possibility of providing relative movement of the driven and driving links, and the conversion of the energy of the mechanical loading of the leading link into the energy of the cyclic movement of the follower is ensured through their relationship, characterized in that the relationship of the leading link with the follower is carried out by means of magnetic interaction by using as a follower link a magnetic system with at least one permanent magnet, and as a lead link - a link comprising at least one element of magnetostrictive material, which located in the magnetic field zone of the said magnetic system, while providing mechanical loading of at least one element of the driving link, which is made of magnetostrictive material And relative movement of the driven and driving units is provided by changing the direction and / or magnitude of the magnetization vector of at least one said element of a magnetostrictive material in the process of its mechanical loading load setpoint.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cyclic movement of the driven link is implemented in the form of translational movement.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cyclic movement of the driven unit is implemented in the form of rotational movement.  4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the change in the direction and / or magnitude of the magnetization vector of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link is carried out by means of a load applied in the loading plane, which is oriented non-perpendicular to the magnetization vector of the magnetostrictive element material.  5. The method according to claim 2, or 3, or 4, characterized in that each subsequent mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link to a predetermined load value begins to be carried out no earlier than the beginning of the process of reducing the load value from the previous mechanical loading of this element. 6. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link is carried out along one loading line, and before starting the first and each subsequent mechanical loading of this element, the driven link is moved to one of positions in which the angle between the said loading line and the direction of the magnetization vector of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link in the loading plane differs from 0 ^o and angles divisible by 90 ^o . 7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link is carried out sequentially along two loading lines that are not parallel to each other, and before starting the mechanical loading of this element along any of the mentioned lines loading the driven link is moved to one of the positions at which the angle between the corresponding, along which loading is currently carried out, the loading line and the direction of the vector gnichennosti at least one element of magnetostrictive material of the driving member in the loading plane is different from 0 ^o and angles are multiples of 90 ^o.  8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link is carried out sequentially along at least three loading lines that are not parallel to each other, which are rotated one relative to the other on equal or equal largest angles in the loading plane.  9. A device for converting the energy of mechanical loading into energy of cyclic movement, including the leading and driven links with means for converting the energy of mechanical loading of the leading link into energy of relative cyclic movement of the said links, as well as means for at least one mechanical loading of at least one element of the driving link, characterized in that the driven link is made in the form of a magnetic system with at least one permanent magnet, the driving link includes at least one element made of magnetostrictive material, which is located in the magnetic field of the magnetic system with the possibility of providing a magnetic relationship between the links, which is functionally a means of converting the energy of mechanical loading of the leading link into energy of relative cyclic movement of the links, and the means of mechanical loading of at least one element of the leading link is located relative to this link with the possibility of changing the mentioned At least one element of magnetostrictive material leading link direction and / or magnitude of the magnetization vector during mechanical loading of at least one element of magnetostrictive material.  10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the slave link is installed with the possibility of translational movement.  11. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the slave link is installed with the possibility of rotational movement.  12. The device according to p. 11, characterized in that the means of mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the leading link is located relative to this link with the possibility of loading the said element along the loading plane located non-perpendicular to the magnetization vector, at least at least one of the mentioned element of magnetostrictive material of the leading link. 13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the means of mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link includes one loading node, which in the initial position of the driven and driving links is arranged to load at least one an element of magnetostrictive material of the leading link along one loading line oriented in the loading plane at an angle other than 0 ^° and from angles that are multiples of 90 ^° with respect to the magnetization vector of said at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link, and is also equipped with means for moving the driven link, before each repeated mechanical loading of the driving link, to a position equivalent to the initial one. 14. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the means of mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link includes two loading nodes that are located one relative to the other so that the lines of application of the mechanical load are located in the plane of loading, at least one element of magnetostrictive material of the driving link, not parallel to each other, while each of the loading nodes in the initial position of the driven and driving links is located with the possibility of loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link along the loading line oriented in the loading plane at an angle other than 0 ^° and angles divisible by 90 ^° with respect to the magnetization vector of said at least one element from magnetostrictive material of the leading link, and also equipped with a means of moving the driven link, before each repeated mechanical loading of the lead, to a position equivalent to the initial one.  15. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the means of mechanical loading of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link includes at least three loading nodes that are located one relative to the other so that the lines of application of mechanical load are in the loading plane of at least one element of the magnetostrictive material of the driving link, they are parallel to each other and are shifted one relative to the other at close or equal angles.  16. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that the means of mechanical loading of the leading link is provided with a current source, and the loading unit is made in the form of at least one package of piezoelectric elements, electrically connected to the current source with the possibility of cyclic connection to said current source .  17. The device according to 14 or 15, characterized in that the means of mechanical loading of the driving link is provided with a current source, and the load nodes are made in the form of packages of piezoelectric elements, electrically connected to the current source with the possibility of alternating connection to the said current source.

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