RU2142685C1 - Seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for seeding hard-to-flow seed material. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has hopper with seeding slot, agitator and seed roll provided with radial fingers and mounted so that fingers may be advanced through seeding slot, which is defined by gap between portions of horizontal surface of upper and lower segments in sections of hopper lower part. Auger-type screw is secured on shaft above upper segment for cooperation with inner surface of hopper lower part. Auger-type screw feeds seeds onto lower segment, where seed layer is swept by fingers, ejected through slot and urged to fall into seed guide funnel. Horizontal surface portions defining slot prevent seeds from spontaneous spilling through slot to provide uniform seeding. When seeding unit stops, auger-type screw prevents seeds from access into hopper lower part, since inclination angle of screw surface relative to screw transverse plane is less than seed and screw surface friction angle. As a result, seed loss during transportation and lifting of drill at turning places is eliminated. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and reduced seed loss. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to apparatus for sowing low-flowing seeds.

 Known metering device for loose and non-loose seeds, containing a hopper with a seed agitator, a cylindrical housing communicated with the hopper with a seed coaxial to it, made in the form of a shaft with brackets radially attached to it, and a sowing window [1].

 The disadvantages of the known apparatus is the lack of performance for seeds with low flowability, due to the inability of the coil brackets to go beyond the sowing window.

 The closest to the proposed metering device for loose and non-flowing seeds, containing a hopper with a sowing slot in its lower part, a agitator and a seed coil made in the form of a shaft with radial fingers installed with the possibility of moving the latter through the sowing slot [2].

 A disadvantage of the known device is a violation of the uniformity of sowing due to spontaneous, in addition to feeding the reels with your fingers, spilling seeds directly through the sowing slot (top), as well as shedding through the slot a mass of seeds lying at the edges of the slot. The latter is aggravated by an increase in the gaps between the walls of the sowing slit and the fingers of the coil, in order to prevent pinching and grinding of seeds in the slit.

 Another disadvantage of the known device is the loss of seeds during transportation of the seeder and when it is raised at turns. This is due to direct access to the seeds in the lower part of the hopper and when the machine stops. As a result, under the action of the mass of seeds located in the hopper and subject to shocks and vibrations during transportation and turns of the seeder, the seeds are poured out through the sowing slot.

 The problem solved by the claimed invention is to increase the uniformity of sowing and prevent loss of seeds.

 This is achieved by obtaining the following technical results in the implementation of the invention: counteracting spontaneous rashes of seeds through the sowing slit with the machine running; counteracting the access of seeds to the lower part of the hopper when the apparatus is stopped.

 Obtaining perceived technical results is determined by the following set of features claimed.

 The proposed metering device, as well as the known one, contains a hopper with a seed slot in its lower part, a seed coil made in the form of a shaft with radial fingers, installed with the possibility of moving the latter through the seed slot, and a agitator. In contrast to the known device, the sowing slot is made in the form of a gap between the sections of the horizontal surfaces of the upper and lower segments, made in cross sections of the hopper, mounted on opposite sides of the surface of the latter. At the same time, a screw screw interacting with the inner surface of the lower part of the hopper is fixed over the upper segment of the coil shaft, the angle of inclination of the screw surface of which to the transverse plane of the screw is less than the angle of friction between the seeds and the surface of the screw.

 Signs of the claimed are in the following causal connection with the obtained technical results.

 The form of the sowing slit determines the following: the location of the seed coil advanced by the fingers on the horizontal surface of the lower segment excludes spontaneous sliding of the seeds to the edge (chord) of the latter; the shifted position of the edges (chords) of the upper and lower segments excludes direct seed shedding from above through the sowing slot.

 This counteraction to spontaneous rashes of seeds through the sowing slit when the apparatus is operating is also provided with gaps between the fingers of the coil and the walls of the sowing slit, which exclude pinching and grinding of seeds.

 In addition, the embodiment of the sowing slit constructively determines the possibility of fixing on the shaft of the coil of the screw a screw that is above the sowing slot and interacts with the inner surface of the lower part of the hopper.

 At the same time, the angle of inclination of the screw surface of the screw to its transverse plane is smaller than the angle of friction between the seeds and the surface of the screw, it determines the following technical result - when the coil is stopped, the screw screw acts as a shutter that prevents the seeds from reaching the bottom of the hopper when the machine is stopped.

 Thus, in the aggregate, the features of the claimed invention, being in a causal relationship with the achieved technical results, are significant.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a sowing apparatus, a vertical section; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1.

 The metering device comprises a hopper 1 with a metering slot 2 and a seed coil made in the form of radial fingers 3 mounted on the shaft 4. A seed coil is mounted to move its fingers 3 through the metering slot 2. The latter is made in the form of a gap between sections opposite to each other horizontal surfaces of the upper 5 and lower 6 segments, made in cross sections of the hopper 1. Above the upper segment 5 on the shaft 4 of the coil is fixed a screw screw 7 with two edges of the inputs 8, interacting with the friction surface of the hopper 1. The angle of inclination of the helical surface of the screw rotor 7 to its transverse plane less than the angle of friction between the seed and the screw surface. An agitator 9 is fixed over the screw screw 7 on the shaft 4, the working elements of which are made in the form of rods 10. A receiving funnel 11 is attached to the edge of the lower segment 6 and to the wall of the hopper 1 with the vas deferens 12 attached to it.

 The metering device operates as follows.

 When the shaft 4 of the seeds is rotated, the rods 10 of the agitator 9 loosen the seed mass, which settles under its own weight onto the screw screw 7 and is fed last downward, going down from the edges of the screw 8 to the lower segment 6. The layer of seeds is continuously trapped by one or the other fingers 3 to the edge of the lower segment 6 through the sowing slot 2 and, pouring into the funnel 11, enters the vas deferens 12.

 This prevents spontaneous shedding of seeds through the sowing slot 2, since the seeds captured by the fingers 3 are located on the horizontal surface of the lower segment 6, and the seeds shed from the edge of the upper segment 5 do not have a direct exit through the sowing slot.

 When the drill is raised, the spool shaft 4 and the screw screw 7 stop, which, when stopped, already performs the flap function, blocking the seed access to the lower part of the hopper 1, since the angle of inclination of the screw surface of the screw to its transverse plane is less than the angle of friction between the seeds and the surface of the screw.

 The prevention of spontaneous sowing of seeds into the sowing slit increases the uniformity of sowing, and counteraction of the screw screw to the access of seeds to the lower part of the hopper when the machine is stopped prevents the loss of seeds during transportation and lifting of the seeder at turns.

 The device is applicable for loose seeds.

Sources of information
1. USSR author's certificate N 1242020, cl. A 01 C 7/12, 1986.

 2. USSR author's certificate N 1584794, cl. A 01 C 7/12, 1990 (prototype).

Claims (1)

 The sowing apparatus, comprising a hopper with a sowing slot in its lower part, a seed spool made in the form of a shaft with radial fingers, mounted to move the latter through the sowing slot, and a tedder, characterized in that the sowing slot is made in the form of a gap between sections of horizontal surfaces upper and lower segments formed in cross sections of the lower part of the hopper, mounted on opposite sides of the surface of the latter, while above the upper segment coil is mounted on the shaft interacting with the inner surface of the lower part of the hopper a screw auger, helical angle of inclination of the surface to which the transverse plane of the screw is less than the angle of friction between the seed and the surface of the latter.

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