RU2141229C1 - Raw plant material reprocessing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves treating cellulose-containing raw material, such as ground straw with particle size of 15 mm or wood saw dust with particle size of 5 mm with alkali solution used in an amount of 8% by weight of dry substance; holding the mixture for 3 hours; mixing with fodder grain used in the ratio of 5:95; wetting to moisture content of 15-18% and extruding. EFFECT: wider range of feed products used for feeding young animals, improved gustatory and digestive qualities. 2 tbl, 5 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of feed production, in particular to methods for producing extruded feed and feed additives from plant materials, and can be used in feed mills and livestock farms.

 Known methods of processing cellulose-containing plant materials, including mechanical, chemical, thermal, hydrobarothermic processing and various combinations of these methods used to increase the nutritional value of the feedstock (ed. St. N 1761096, class A 23 K 1/00, 1992; N 1358902 ; CL A 23 1/12, 1987; N 978815, CL A 23 K 1/12, 1982; N 891054, CL A 23 1/12, 1981; N 814318, CL A 23 K 1/12, 1980; U.S. Patent No. 3,939,286, CL 436-312, 1972).

 Closest to the proposed invention is a method of processing the extrusion of plant materials in a mixture with binders, which are used as urea, animal feed, peat, feed sugar, carbohydrate-mineral additive (L.K. Ernest, Z.M. Naumenko, S.I. Ladinskaya, Fodder products from forest waste, M., Forest industry, 1982).

 The disadvantages of this method are a complex combination of components during extrusion, low nutritional value of the products. The resulting feed can be used as a feed additive, and not the main component of the diet.

 The technical result is an increase in the nutritional value, digestibility, and feed value of the extrudate, the possibility of using as a main component of the diet for feeding young animals.

 The processing method includes pre-treatment of cellulose-containing components with a 20% alkali solution, holding them for 3 hours, mixing with feed grain in a ratio of 5:95, moistening the mixture to 15-18% and extruding it.

 Pre-prepared aspen or coniferous sawdust or straw is used as coarse plant material.

 This is achieved as follows. Crushed to a size of not more than 15 mm, air-dried straw and aspen or coniferous sawdust with a size of not more than 5 mm are treated with a 20% alkali solution, the flow rate of which is 8% by weight of straw or sawdust, maintained for 3 hours, mixed with grain components in the ratio 5:95, moisten to 15-18%, then the mixture is extruded.

 As a result of such processing, the content of water-soluble substances in the feed product sharply increases due to dextrinization and plasticization of starch and partial hydrolysis of fiber. Solid additives (sawdust, straw) in the grain composition act as "abrasives" and contribute to a deeper cleavage of polycarbohydrate bonds and the formation of microporous, easily-fermentable fiber, which increases the digestibility of nutrients in the extruded feed, improves digestibility of nutrients.

 Example 1

 Air-dried wheat straw was ground in a mill to a particle size of not more than 15 mm, was treated with 20% NaOH solution, the total alkali consumption was 8% by weight of straw, and 3 hours. The straw was mixed with corn at a ratio of 5:95, moistened to 15.1% and extruded.

The extrusion process took place on a press extruder brand KMZ-2U. The temperature of the process is 135-150 ^o C, the pressing pressure is 30-50 kG / cm.

 The process temperature and the explosion coefficient were controlled by changing the area of the outlet. The finished product was evaluated organoleptically.

 In medium samples, the content of basic nutrients was determined. The results are presented in tables 1,2.

 Example 2

 Air-dry coniferous sawdust was sorted to a particle size of not more than 5 mm, treated with 20% NaOH solution, the solution flow rate was 8% by weight of sawdust, and the exposure time was 3 hours. Coniferous sawdust was mixed with barley in a ratio of 5: 95, the mixture was moistened to 18% and extruded similarly to example 1.

 Example 3

 Air-dried aspen filings were sorted to a particle size of not more than 5 mm; were treated with 20% NaOH solution, the solution flow rate was 8% by weight of sawdust, the exposure time was 3 hours. Aspen sawdust was mixed with corn in a ratio of 10: 90, the mixture was moistened to 16% and extruded analogously to example 1.

 Example 4

 Air-dried wheat straw to a particle size of not more than 5 mm, was treated with 20% NaOH solution, the solution flow rate was 8% by weight of sawdust, the exposure time was 3 hours. The straw was mixed with barley at a ratio of 5:95 and extruded without moisture.

 Example 5

 Air-dry coniferous sawdust was sorted to a particle size of not more than 5 mm, moistened with water, the flow rate of which was 8% of the weight of sawdust, the exposure time was 3 hours. Coniferous sawdust was mixed with corn in a ratio of 5: 95, the mixture was moistened to 17.4% and extruded analogously to example 1.

 Thus, the proposed method for processing vegetable raw materials allows you to expand the range of feed products used in the fattening of young animals, to obtain feed of high nutritional value and digestibility

Claims (1)

 A method of processing plant materials, including processing grain with the addition of straw and sawdust by extrusion, characterized in that the straw chopped to a particle size of 15 mm or sawdust with a particle size of 5 mm is pre-treated with a 20% alkali solution in an amount of 8% by weight of dry matter, kept in for three hours, then mixed with feed grain in a ratio of 5:95, the resulting mixture is moistened to 15-18%.

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