RU2027735C1 - Charcoal-producing plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood pyrolysis. SUBSTANCE: in the plant, using at least a single furnace chamber with a removable container for treated wood, furnace with a flame tube and a gas conduit system, the container is made in the form of a reservoir, in whose central part perforated flame tube is installed vertically, the tube is open on the side of the reservoir cover and bottom; and the gas conduit system has successively extending a flame tube, space between the chamber and container walls and a discharge gas conduit. When two and more furnace chambers are used, for each pair of adjacent furnace chamber the plant gas conduit system uses a gas conduit extending at the level of the lower part of conveyers and connecting these chambers. EFFECT: facilitated procedure of charcoal production. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of pyrolysis of wood and can be used to produce charcoal without the selection of combined cycle gases.

 A well-known installation of the company "Lambiot", consisting of a retort with nodes for loading raw materials and unloading coal and with a node for the afterburning of combined cycle gases [1].

 However, in a known installation receive low-quality charcoal. This is caused by unsatisfactory drying of the raw materials in the retort due to the high initial humidity and the inefficient process of burning the resulting combined cycle gases.

 A known installation consisting of a camera with a recess vertical retort and a firebox located at the bottom of the camera. The chamber is also equipped with a channel for the removal of flue gases [2].

 In a known installation, air pollution occurs with combined-gas products of wood pyrolysis and high fuel consumption for heating the retort.

As the closest analogue is a plant for the production of charcoal, containing at least one furnace chamber with a removable container for processed wood, a furnace and a duct system. This setting is a charcoal furnace [3]. It includes three furnace chambers, the design of which is the same. A container is installed in the chamber, which is an assembly of ten metal containers, each of which has a volume of 8.8 m ³ .

 The gas duct system includes a channel for supplying gases from the furnace, the space between the containers and the chamber, and a channel for removing gases from the chamber.

 However, in the known installation receive unevenly calcined coal due to the significant removal of the Central part of the tank from the flow of flue gases, which is the reason for the uneven thermal effect on the wood.

 Combined gases are released during the pyrolysis of wood, together with flue gases from the furnace are released into the atmosphere, polluting it. High fuel consumption for heating containers with wood.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the installation, improving the quality of the obtained charcoal, increasing the productivity of the installation and reducing fuel consumption for heating containers, reducing harmful emissions and creating an environmentally friendly and safe environment for production.

 The goal is achieved in that in a plant for the production of charcoal, containing at least one furnace chamber with a removable container for the processed wood, a furnace with a flame tube and a gas duct system, the container is made in the form of a container with a lid and a bottom, in the central part of which it is vertically mounted a perforated heat pipe open from the side of the lid and the bottom of the tank, and the gas duct system includes a heat pipe placed in series, the space between the walls of the chamber and the container and the outlet flue.

 When using two or more furnace chambers, the installation flue system contains for each pair of adjacent furnace chambers a flue located at the level of the lower part of the containers and connecting these chambers.

 The installation for the production of charcoal is presented in the form of two chambers. The drawings show the device of each camera, which is the same regardless of the number of cameras.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed installation; in FIG. 2 - part of the chamber adjacent to the lower part of the flame tube; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of a gas duct connection of both chambers.

 The installation contains furnace chambers 1 and 2 with a wall 3 between them, in which removable containers 4 and 5 for the processed wood, fire chambers 6 and 7, and a gas duct system are installed. Each container is made in the form of a container, in the central part of which a perforated flame tube is vertically mounted. In FIG. 1, the flame tubes are indicated by positions 8 and 9. The flame tubes are open from the side of the lids 10 and 11 and the bottoms 12 and 13 of the containers. The side walls, bottoms and lids of the containers are made of metal and solid. The containers in the lids 10 and 11 and the bottoms 12 and 13 have openings for the flame tubes 8 and 9. The gas duct system sequentially includes for each chamber a fire tube, the space between the walls of the chamber and the container and the exhaust duct with a shutter: positions 8,14,16 for the first cameras and 9.15.15 for the second. At the level of the lower part of containers 4 and 5, the gas duct system has a gas duct 18 connecting both chambers 1 and 2. The furnace chambers are closed from above by lids 19 and 20.

 In FIG. 2 shows a part of the container 4 with a bottom 12, a flame tube 8 and its perforations 21. FIG. 3 shows exhaust ducts 16 and 17 with shutters connected to the chimney 22.

 The device operates as follows.

 Using a loading device, such as a crane, a container 4 with wood is placed in the chamber 1 through an open lid 19. The lid is closed, and fuel, for example lumpy wood waste, is loaded into the furnace 6 through the furnace door, the valve is closed on the exhaust gas duct 16, and the valve is opened on the gas duct 17. Then, the furnace 6 is ignited.

 Flue gases from the combusted fuel pass in the chamber 1 from the furnace 6 up to the bottom of the container 4 and rise along the flame tube 8, and then down between the walls of the container 4 and the chamber 1 to the inlets of the connecting gas duct 18 (Fig. 1). Through the connecting duct 18 gases pass into the chamber 2 and through the exhaust duct 17 with an open damper are discharged into the chimney 22.

 Thus, the wood is dried in the container 4. When the wood drying process is completed (3.5-7.0 hours after the start of heating), a container 5 with wood is installed in the chamber 2 through the lid 20.

 With further heating of the container 4, the process of pyrolysis of wood begins to take place in it with the release of steam and gas, which escape through perforations 21 in the wall of the flame tube 8 and burn out in the flame of the burning fuel in the volume of the flame tube 8. Since this increases the heat generation, the fuel supply to the furnace 6 can be reduced to the minimum required for complete combustion of combined cycle gases. Flue gases are discharged in the same way, with the only difference being that they move upward in the chamber 2 between the walls of the container 5 and the walls of the chamber 3 inside the flame tube 9, transferring heat to dry the wood in this container, and then are discharged through the gas duct 17 under the container 5 into the chimney 22.

 At the end of the process of pyrolysis and calcination of coal in the container 4 of the chamber 1 through the lid 19, the container 4 is removed and placed in a dryer (not shown), where the coal is cooled and stabilized, and a new container with wood is installed in its place in the chamber 1. In this case, the combustion of fuel in the furnace 6 is turned on, the valve of the exhaust gas duct 16 is opened, and the valve of the gas duct 17 is closed.

 The furnace 7 of chamber 2 is ignited, the wood in which has already dried sufficiently and is ready for pyrolysis.

 Now the flue gases from the combusted fuel and pyrolysis products from the chamber 2 in the same way, but in the opposite direction, enter the chamber 1, where the wood in the container 4 is dried at this time.

 According to the above technology, the process is repeated many times.

 When using the proposed installation for the production of charcoal, the highest possible environmental cleanliness of production is ensured, and fuel consumption is also reduced by 2 or more times.

Claims (2)

 1. INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WOOD COAL, comprising at least one furnace chamber with a removable container for processed wood, a furnace with a flame tube and a gas duct system, characterized in that the container is made in the form of a container with a lid and a bottom, in the central part of which it is vertically mounted a perforated heat pipe open from the side of the lid and the bottom of the tank, and the gas duct system includes a heat pipe located in series, the space between the walls of the chamber and the container and the outlet ohod.  2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that when using two or more furnace chambers, the gas duct system of the installation contains for each pair of adjacent furnace chambers a gas duct located at the level of the lower part of the containers and connecting these chambers.

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