RU2026588C1 - Metal-halogen lamp - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: lamp has burner made of optically transparent material with sealed electrodes filled with inert gas, halogenides of alkali metals and additives to provide burner with hologenides of radiating metals. Additives to furnish burner with halogenides of zinc are used as specified additives. Molar ratio of amount of halogenides of alkali metals to amount of additives is chosen within limits from 0.75 up to 3.0 micromole/qu. cm. Quantity of filling components in micromole/qu.cm in halogenides of alkali metals amounts from 0.1 up to 15.0, in additives to furnish burner with halogenides (zinc) - from 0.1 up to 16.0. Inert gas pressure is chosen within limits from 1.33 up to 40.0 KPa. Burner of lamp is injected in addition with halogenides of iron, nickel and cobalt in the amounts from 0.2 to 8.0, from 0.1 to 3.0 and from 0.1 to 5.0 micromole/qu.cm correspondingly. According to one version burner of lamp is additionally injected with additives to provide it with halogenides of iron and gallium in the amounts from 0.2 to 8.0 and from 0.05 to 3.0 micromole/qu.cm, with hallogenides of tellurium in the amount from 0.15 to 6.0 micromole/qu.cm. Halogenides of indium, sodium and thallium correspondingly in the amounts from 0.15 to 5.0, from 0.2 to 13.0 and from 0.1 to 4.0 micromole/qu.cm can be injected in addition. Halogenides of lithium in the amount from 0.3 to 10.0 micromole/qu.cm can also be added. According to another version of manufacture of burner additives to provide burner with halogenides of cerium can be injected in the amount from 0.05 to 5.0 micromole/qu.cm. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of metal-halogen lamp. 7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the electrical industry, in particular, improves mercury-free metal halide radiation sources.

 Known metal halide lamp containing a quartz burner with hermetically sealed electrodes, filled with inert gas, mercury and additives to provide the burner with metal halides of the third group of the periodic system [1].

 The radiating metals in this lamp are elements such as scandium, thallium, rare earth metals. This provides high light output - ≈ 90 lm / W and good color rendering - Ra> 70 units.

 The disadvantage of the described lamp is the low environmental friendliness of the lamp design due to the use of extremely toxic mercury and its compounds in the filling composition.

 The closest in technical essence is a metal halide lamp containing a burner made of optically transparent material with hermetically sealed electrodes, filled with an inert gas, alkali metal halides and additives to provide the burner with halides of emitting metals [2].

 In the prototype lamp, scandium was chosen as the emitting element, which provides a good light output of ≈80 lm / W for mercury-free lamps.

 The disadvantage of the lamp is its high material consumption and high ignition voltage due to the use of inert high-pressure gas (> 66.5 kPa) in the filling composition (to ensure an acceptable voltage on the lamp). However, even such an inert gas pressure implies an excessively long burner length, as a result of which the material consumption of the lamp increases.

 The aim of the invention is to improve the ignition of the lamp while reducing material consumption.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a metal halide lamp containing a burner of an optically transparent material with hermetically sealed electrodes filled with an inert gas, alkali metal halides and additives to provide the burner with emitting metal halides, additives used to provide the burner with zinc halides are used as these additives this molar ratio of the amount of alkali metal halides to the amount of additives is selected in the range from 0.75 to 3.0, the number of components is filled Nia is in mk˙mol / cm ³
Alkali halides
metals 0.1-15.0
Supplements to Provide
burners with zinc halides 0.1-16.0, and the inert gas pressure is selected in the range from 1.33 to 40.0 kPa.

Additionally, additives can be used in the lamp burner to provide the burner with iron, nickel and cobalt halides in an amount of 0.2-8.0; 0.1-3.0 and 0.1-5.0 μmol / cm ³ , additives to provide the burner with gallium and tellurium halides in an amount of 0.05-3.0; 0.15-6.0 μmol / cm ³ , with indium, sodium and thallium halides in an amount of 0.15-5.0; 0.2-13.0, 0.1-4.0 μmol / cm ³ , lithium halides in an amount of 0.3-10.0 μmol / cm ³ and additives to provide the burner with cerium halides in an amount of 0, 05-5.0 μmol / cm ³ .

 In the lamp according to the invention, the use of additives to provide the burner with cerium halides makes it possible to provide the necessary voltage on the lamp at a low inert gas pressure of up to 40.0 kPa. This allows to improve the ignition of the lamp, as well as to reduce the consumption of materials since the voltage on the lamp varies with the dosage of additives to provide the burner with zinc halides and can be very high. Thus, conditions are created to reduce the material consumption of the lamp.

 The drawing shows the design of the lamp. The lamp holds the burner 1 of an optically transparent material with hermetically sealed electrodes 2. Using the mounting elements 3, the burner 1 is fixed in the outer glass bottle 4. The lamp is equipped with a threaded base 5.

 The principle of operation of the lamp is identical to the principle of operation of existing MGL.

 After connecting the lamp to the circuit in series with the ballast, ignition is carried out by applying a high voltage pulse to the electrodes. There is a discharge in an inert gas medium. As the walls of the burner heat up, pairs of metal halides enter the discharge, as a result of which an arc discharge forms in the pairs of metal halides with a specific power, voltage, and light flux of the lamp.

As additives for providing the burner with metal halides, the following can be used:
1. Directly metal halides.

2. Pure metals and halides of inactive metals. In this case, halides are formed as a result of the reaction in the first hours of operation of the lamp (using Co as an example):
Co + SnX ₂ = CoX ₂ + Sn (1)
3. Metal oxides, aluminum and (or silicon) and inactive metal halides.

The reaction of the formation of metal halides in this case is as follows:
CaO + SnX ₂ + Al (Si) -> CoX ₂ + Al ₂ O ₃ (SiO ₂ ) + Sn, (2), where X is halogen
Important is the amount of additives to provide the burner with halides of emitting metals. It is determined experimentally and is for additives to provide the burner with iron, cobalt and nickel halides - 0.2-8.0, 0.1-3.0 and 0.1-5.0 μm / mol / cm ³ , additives to provide burners with thallium and tellurium halides - 0.005-3.00 and 0.15-6.0 μmol / cm ³ , indium, sodium and thallium halides - 0.15-5.0, 0.2-13.0 and 0 , 1-4.0 μmol / cm ³ , lithium halides - 0.3-10.0 μmol / cm ³ , additives to provide the burner with cerium halides - 0.05-5.0 μmol / cm ³ .

 With large amounts of additives, without achieving a positive effect, the amount of contaminants entering the lamp along with the filling components increases. In addition, the costs of acquiring, storing and dosing them in a lamp increase.

 With smaller amounts of additives, they are not enough to provide burners during the entire service life, resulting in a reduced service life due to a sharp drop in the radiation flux.

The amount of alkali metal halides is determined experimentally and selected in the range from 0.1 to 15.0 μmol / cm ³ .

 With smaller amounts, the lamp is unstable due to the lack of discharge of electropositive compounds (which are alkali metal halides).

 With large quantities, the effective discharge temperature decreases and the radiation flux of the lamp decreases.

The amount of additives to provide the burner with zinc halides is selected in the range from 0.1 to 16.0 μmol / cm ³ .

 With smaller quantities, it is not possible to achieve the desired electric field potential and the dimensions of the lamp grow at a fixed power.

 With large quantities of additives to provide the burner with zinc halides, the lamp in some cases goes out when it burns.

 Important is the molar ratio of the amount of alkali metal halides to the amount of additives, selected in the range from 0.75 to 3.0.

At a lower level of this ratio, the lamp in some cases goes out during the period of ignition. The mechanism of this phenomenon, in our opinion, is as follows. After buildup in the discharge lamp comes primarily zinc halides, whose melting point is 390-450 ^{° C} and which are electronegative. Then, in the discharge comes electropositive alkali metal halides, their melting point 600-650 ° ^C. With a lack of alkali metal halides, and when the temperature in the burner 400 ^C may extinction lamp as in the discharge channel a high concentration of electronegative halides and zinc halides low pressure electropositive alkali metals. Under these conditions, in a certain half-period of the supply voltage, the discharge does not re-ignite and the lamp goes out.

 When the ratio is greater than 3.0, alkali metal halides already prevail, this leads to a decrease in the effective discharge temperature and the radiation flux of the lamp decreases.

 The inert gas pressure is determined experimentally and is 1.33-40.0 kPa.

 At lower pressure, the electrodes are sprayed during the start-up period.

 At higher pressures, the ignition voltage increases.

 Using the proposed technical solution allows to reduce the material consumption of the lamp while improving the ignition.

Claims (7)

1. METAL HALOGEN LAMP, containing a burner made of optically transparent material with hermetically sealed electrodes, filled with an inert gas, alkali metal halides and additives to burn the burner with emitting metal halides, characterized in that the additives used to provide the burner with zinc halides are used as these additives the molar ratio of the amount of alkali metal halides to the amount of additives is selected in the range of 0.75 - 3.0, the number of filling components is, μmol b / cm ³ :
Alkali metal halides - 0.1 - 15.0
Additives for providing the burner with zinc halides - 0.1 - 16.0
and the inert gas pressure is selected in the range of 1.33 - 40.0 kPa. 2. The lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that additives are additionally introduced into the lamp burner to provide the burner with iron, nickel and cobalt halides in an amount of 0.2-8.0; 0.1 to 3.0 and 0.1 to 5.0 μmol / cm ^3, respectively. 3. The lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that additives are additionally introduced into the lamp burner to provide the burner with iron and gallium halides in an amount of 0.2-8.0 and 0.05-3.0 μmol / cm ³ . 4. The lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that additives are additionally introduced into the burner to provide the burner with tellurium halides in an amount of 0.15 - 6.0 μmol / cm ³ . 5. The lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the halide of the lamp additionally introduced indium, sodium and thallium halides in an amount of 0.15 to 5.0; 0.2 to 13.0 and 0.1 to 4.0 μmol / cm ^3, respectively. 6. The lamp according to claim 5, characterized in that lithium halides in an amount of 0.3-10.0 μmol / cm ^{3 are} additionally introduced into the lamp burner. 7. The lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that additives are additionally introduced into the lamp burner to provide the burner with cerium halides in an amount of 0.05 - 5.0 μmol / cm ³ .

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