RU2025520C1 - Method for electron-beam materials treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: method for electron-beam materials treatment includes raw material feed and heat treatment by electron beam followed by collection of finished product. Raw material is treated by a beam of accelerated electrons under pressure exceeding ambient pressure. Working area is separated from environment with keeping up the temperature of gas medium generated in the area being constant and equal to treatment process temperature. Accelerated electron beam power is selected on the base of an equation given in the description. Temperature of gas medium generated in working area is being maintained at constant level and equal to treatment process temperature by measuring gas medium temperature and setting rates of accelerated electron energy change and/or pressure in working area according to a law. Raw materials are treated at 1 to 10 atm pressure. EFFECT: materials of improved properties. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods for electron beam processing of materials and can be used to extract materials from complex compounds, in particular for the separation of zinc from the waste from the hot galvanizing process or for the production of zirconia during the opening of zircon.

A known method of electron beam processing of materials. The essence of the method lies in the fact that the heat treatment of the material is carried out in vacuum, the pressure in the working space is 10 ^-3 - 1 Pa, under the influence of a beam of slow electrons [1].

 To carry out electron beam processing, the raw materials are loaded into a technological chamber, the working space of which is hermetically connected to a source of slow electrons - an electron gun and a vacuum system. Then the reaction volume is filled with raw materials and exposed to it by a beam of slow electrons, and the processed product is filled with the collection of the final product located inside the working space of the process chamber.

 Due to the finite dimensions of the workspace, restrictions are imposed on the amount of raw materials loaded and the size of the smelted ingots, the final product. For the same reason, it is impossible to carry out a continuous process of electron-beam processing, since it is necessary to periodically turn off the electron-beam installation to load the working space with raw materials and remove the final product from it, which reduces its reliability. Thus, this method has limited technological capabilities and low reliability.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed is a method of electron beam processing of materials [2], adopted as a prototype. The essence of the method lies in the fact that the feed is supplied and heat treated in vacuum under the influence of a beam of slow electrons with an energy of up to 40 keV, followed by collection of the final product.

 To carry out electron beam processing, the raw materials are fed into the working space from the first lock chamber, inside which a vacuum is maintained. At the same time, another lock chamber, identical to the first, is isolated from the working space and the vacuum system and filled with raw materials. After unloading the first lock chamber, it is isolated from the working space, and the second lock chamber, already loaded and connected to the vacuum system, is connected to it. Thus, the lock chambers operate alternately and supply raw materials without stopping the process. In the workspace — the treatment zone — the raw materials are exposed to a beam of slow electrons, and the treated material is filled into a container, which, as it is filled, is isolated from the workspace and replaced with a hollow container. Thus, the final product is collected without stopping the process.

 The disadvantages of this method are limited technological capabilities and low reliability. This is explained by the low energy of the beam electrons - up to 40 keV. Such a restriction is of a fundamental nature, since in the process of exposure to a powerful electron beam from the surface of the processed material, gas, vapor and spray flows are emitted. Some of these precipitates fall into the accelerating gap and to the cathode. As a result, an increase in the accelerating voltage is unacceptable, since the likelihood of electrical breakdowns increases, the cathode service life is reduced, and the stability of the cathode-ray installation is reduced. In addition, to increase the beam power at low electron energy, the beam current is increased, which also reduces the cathode life and complicates the control of the beam current due to the influence of the changes in the current emitting electrons from the cathode’s surface from the cathode.

 Due to the low electron energy, the transportation of the beam to the material being processed is accompanied by inelastic electron scattering and heating of the rarefied gas medium in the treatment zone due to a decrease in the electron beam power supplied to the raw material. In this case, overheating of the gaseous medium is possible, which will lead to overheating of the surface of the raw materials in contact with it and, consequently, to additional energy losses and evaporation of materials. In the case of underheating of a rarefied gas medium in the processing zone, additional heat is removed from the raw material. Thus, the known method is characterized by high energy consumption, as well as limited technological capabilities, for example, in the processing of refractory materials.

 Due to the low energy of the electrons, the beam is a "thermal" beam, with the help of which only the heat treatment of the raw material is carried out. This does not allow the use of the known method for the extraction of materials from complex compounds and limits its technological capabilities. In particular, the known method does not allow the release of all zinc contained in the waste from the hot-dip galvanizing process, since conventional heat treatment, remelting, releases only free, not bound zinc from the waste waste.

 Conducting heat treatment in vacuum also limits technological capabilities and reduces the reliability of the known method, since in a vacuum the most intense sublimation and evaporation of materials. As a result, the loss of materials and energy consumption, the likelihood of electrical breakdowns, the load on vacuum pumps increase, and the chemical composition of the final product is violated.

 The supply of raw materials to the processing zone, allowing continuous heat treatment under the influence of a beam of slow electrons, limits the technological capabilities and reliability of the known method. This is because the feed system is implemented using controlled vacuum valves, lock chambers and vacuum pumps. The presence of such a quantity of additional equipment increases the likelihood of an accidental stop of the electron-beam processing process due to the failure of its individual components. For example, vacuum pumps or valves, leaks in joints and leaks when closing vacuum valves. In addition, the volume of lock chambers into which the next dose of raw material is loaded is limited and determined by the performance and capabilities of the vacuum pumps, and the raw material should not be dispersed powder and should not gas, since in this case the vacuum pumps and valves do not work.

 The implementation of the supply of raw materials in the known method increases energy consumption due to the additional energy consumption for the control system, actuators of vacuum pumps and valves and increases by 1/3 the cost of the entire complex of equipment.

 The aim of the invention is the provision of the possibility of extracting materials from complex compounds, in particular the production of zinc from the waste of the galvanized waste process, which expands the technological capabilities of the method with an increase in its reliability.

ν_ij(C_ij(τ_ij-T_ij)+H_ij),
τ_ij =

где Р - мощность пучка ускоренных электронов, Вт;
ω - производительность процесса электронно-лучевой обработки, кг/с;
n - количество компонентов сырья;
i - порядковый номер компонента, i = 1÷n;
m_i - количество фазовых переходов i-го компонента в интервале температур (Т_о, Т);
j - порядковый номер фазового перехода, j = 0÷m_i;
Т_о - начальная температура сырья, К;
Т - температура процесса обработки, К;
ν_ij - массовая доля i-го компонента после j-го фазового перехода, отн. ед.;
C_ij - среднее значение теплоемкости i-го компонента в интервале температур (T_ij, T_ij), Дж/кг ^. К;
T_ij - температура j-го фазового перехода i-го компонента, T_io ≡ T_о, К;
H_ij - энтальпия j-го фазового перехода i-го компонента, H_io ≡ 0, Дж/кг.The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of electron beam processing of materials, including the supply of raw materials and its heat treatment under the influence of an electron beam with subsequent collection of the final product, the raw materials are treated with a beam of accelerated electrons at a pressure higher than the ambient pressure, block the processing zone from environmental access while maintaining the temperature formed in the processing zone of the gas medium constant and equal to the temperature of the processing process, while the power of the beam of accelerated electrons is chosen from expression
P> ω

ν _ij (C _ij (τ _ij -T _ij ) + H _ij ),
τ _ij =

where P is the power of the beam of accelerated electrons, W;
ω is the productivity of the process of electron beam processing, kg / s;
n is the number of components of the raw material;
i is the serial number of the component, i = 1 ÷ n;
m _i is the number of phase transitions of the i-th component in the temperature range (T _o , T);
j is the sequence number of the phase transition, j = 0 ÷ m _i ;
T _about - the initial temperature of the raw material, K;
T is the temperature of the processing process, K;
ν _ij is the mass fraction of the i-th component after the j-th phase transition, rel. units;
C _ij is the average heat capacity of the i-th component in the temperature range (T _ij , T _ij ), J / kg ^. TO;
T _ij is the temperature of the j-th phase transition of the i-th component, T _io ≡ T _о , K;
H _ij is the enthalpy of the jth phase transition of the ith component, H _{io io} 0, J / kg.

где

- скорость изменения энергии ускоренных электронов, МэВ/с;

- скорость изменения давления в зоне обработки атм/с;
Т₁ - температура газовой среды, К.The temperature of the gas medium formed in the processing zone is maintained constant and equal to the temperature of the processing process by measuring the temperature of the gas medium and setting the rates of change of accelerated electron energy and / or pressure in the processing zone according to the law

Where

- rate of change of energy of accelerated electrons, MeV / s;

- the rate of change of pressure in the processing zone atm / s;
T ₁ - temperature of the gas medium, K.

 Raw materials are processed under pressure of 1-10 atm.

 The impact of a beam of accelerated electrons on raw materials leads to heating of its constituent components. Part of the beam power is spent on ionization and excitation of atoms of the gas medium, its heating and heat loss. However, due to the use of a beam of accelerated electrons, whose energy is hundreds or more keV, the energy losses of the beam power noted above will be small. Considering also that part of these losses is spent on heating the gaseous medium, and hence the raw materials in contact with it, and returns to the processed material and neglecting heat losses to the environment, it can be assumed that almost the entire power P of the beam is spent on heating the raw materials.

 Thus, the temperature of the raw material is brought to the processing temperature T, the value of which depends on the specific materials. For example, when zinc is extracted from hot-dip galvanized waste products, the processing temperature is limited from below to a melting point of zinc of 692.5 K and from above to a boiling point of zinc of 1179 K, i.e. T = 770 K.

In the simplest case, for raw materials consisting of one component that does not experience phase transitions during electron beam processing, we obtain
^P. t> cm (T - T _o ), where t is the exposure time of the beam to the raw material, s;
C is the heat capacity of the raw material, J / kg ^. TO;
m is its mass, kg.

From here
P> ω c (T - T _о ), (1) where ω = m / t.

ν_ij(C_ij(τ_ij-T_ij)+H_ij), (2)
τ_ij =

Для удобства расчетов параметры с индексами в выражении (2) представляют в виде элементов соответствующих двумерных матриц: матрицы концентраций ||ν_ij||, теплоемкости ||c_ij||, температуры ||τ_ij||, фазовых переходов ||T_ij|| , энтальпии ||H_ij|| и одномерной матрицы ||m_i|| .Extending the result of (1) to the case of multicomponent raw materials and taking into account the energy consumption for phase transitions in the process of electron beam heat treatment, we obtain the condition given in the claims
P> ω

ν _ij (C _ij (τ _ij -T _ij ) + H _ij ), (2)
τ _ij =

For convenience of calculations, the parameters with indices in expression (2) are represented as elements of the corresponding two-dimensional matrices: concentration matrices || ν _ij ||, heat capacity || c _ij ||, temperature || τ _ij ||, phase transitions || T _ij || enthalpies || H _ij || and one-dimensional matrix || m _i || .

=

C

=

=

T

=

H

=

m

=

Наличие отличий от прототипа подтверждает новизну предлагаемого технического решения, подтверждающуюся тем, что обработка сырья пучком ускоренных электронов, мощность которого выбирают из выражения, приведенного в формуле изобретения, обеспечивает, наряду с термической, радиационную обработку. Вследствие высокой энергии пучок ускоренных электронов теряет в газовой среде в зоне обработки лишь незначительную часть своей энергии, а флуктуации свойств газовой среды практически не отражаются на параметрах пучка и величине подводимой им к сырью мощности. Это уменьшает энергозатраты, повышает стабильность процесса и качество конечного продукта.The general view of these matrices is as follows:

=

C

=

=

T

=

H

=

m

=

The presence of differences from the prototype confirms the novelty of the proposed technical solution, confirmed by the fact that the processing of raw materials with an accelerated electron beam, the power of which is selected from the expression given in the claims, provides, along with thermal, radiation processing. Due to the high energy, the accelerated electron beam loses only an insignificant part of its energy in the gaseous medium in the treatment zone, and fluctuations in the properties of the gaseous medium practically do not affect the beam parameters and the amount of power supplied to it by the raw material. This reduces energy consumption, improves process stability and the quality of the final product.

 The intensity of radiation treatment is due to the use of accelerated electrons, whose energy is hundreds of kiloelectronvolts and more. The bombardment by accelerated electrons and X-ray and γ-radiation generated by the deceleration of the beam in a gaseous medium and processed raw materials activate the processes of ionization, excitation, dissociation of atoms and molecules, and also destroy complex chemical bonds.

 Thus, it is possible to separate and extract materials from a complex compound, for example from a melt of raw materials, due to their different densities, expanding technological capabilities and reliability of the proposed method.

 Processing of raw materials under a pressure exceeding the ambient pressure prevents the environment from entering the treatment zone, allows it to form an environment from gases and vapors of the processed raw materials, minimizes oxidation processes, maintains the thermal balance of the process, and stabilizes the processes of slag formation. In addition, the need for the use of locks and vacuum systems connected to the processing zone of the process chamber is eliminated. The noted factors reduce energy consumption, increase reliability and quality, expand the technological capabilities of the proposed method.

 Processing of raw materials under a pressure of 1-10 atm ensures the best quality of the final product and the reliability of the method. At pressures greater than 1 atm, the intensity of sublimation and evaporation of materials from the surface of the raw material decreases. As a result, material losses and energy consumption are reduced, the effect of gas-vapor emissions and spatter on the stability of the accelerated electron source is almost completely eliminated, and the chemical composition of the final product is more accurately preserved. At pressures up to 10 atm, a small load on the walls of the process chamber and the stability of the source of accelerated electrons are ensured, which deteriorates at a pressure of more than 10 atm due to partial penetration of hot ionized gas streams emanating from the beam inlet into the process chamber through the exhaust outlet of the accelerator. Thus, the processing under pressure within the specified limits increases the reliability and extends the technological capabilities of the proposed method.

 Blocking the treatment area from environmental access eliminates the appearance of harmful cold convective flows in the treatment area. This stabilizes the heat balance of the process, reduces the energy consumption and ablation of materials from the surface of the processed raw materials. Moreover, the environment does not affect the chemical composition of the gas medium in the processing zone of the technological chamber, which includes the products of sublimation and evaporation of the processed raw materials. When processing complex compounds, the composition of this gaseous medium may include undecomposed complex molecules of the feedstock. Under the influence of bombardment by accelerated electrons and hard X-ray and γ-radiation arising as a result of beam deceleration in a gaseous medium and processed raw materials, among other processes, complex molecules continuously decompose into simple and partially recombine, among other processes, i.e. the formation of complexes. In the course of such recombination, undirected electromagnetic radiation is induced over the surface to be treated, the energy spectrum of which corresponds to the absorption spectrum of energy spent on the decomposition of complex molecules. Due to the fact that complex bonds are weaker than other types of chemical bonds, the induced radiation is low-energy and, therefore, corresponds to the long-wavelength part of the spectrum. The effect of radiation induced by recombination on the surface of the processed raw materials and undecomposed complexes initiates the resonant destruction of complex bonds, which provides a more complete extraction of the material from the complex compound and improves the quality of the final product.

 Maintaining the temperature formed in the gas processing zone constant and equal to the temperature of the processing process minimizes heat transfer between the gas medium and the processed raw materials, reduces energy consumption, material losses due to sublimation and evaporation, and improves the quality of the final product.

 The noted significant differences expand technological capabilities and increase the reliability of the proposed method.

 The temperature of the gas medium formed in the processing zone is maintained constant and equal to the temperature of the processing process by measuring the temperature of the gas medium and setting the rates of change of accelerated electron energy and / or pressure in the processing zone according to the law given in claim 2. This is because the change in the electron energy determines the change in the energy loss of the beam in the substance, the value of which determines the heating conditions and the temperature of the gaseous medium in the treatment zone. The pressure in the treatment zone determines the density of the gaseous medium, which affects the energy loss of the electron beam in the substance and therefore can also be used to control the temperature of the gaseous medium in the treatment zone. Pressure can be adjusted by changing the area of the hole in the process chamber between the treatment zone and the environment.

 Considering that an increase in the energy of accelerated electrons, as well as a decrease in pressure in the treatment zone, reduce the temperature of the gas medium in it and vice versa, we obtain the law given in paragraph 2 of the claims.

 When filing the application materials, when searching from the prior art, we did not identify technical solutions with a combination of essential features similar to the proposed one and did not explicitly follow to solve the technical problem, which confirms the inventive step.

 The proposed method is implemented by the device schematically depicted in the drawing.

 The device contains a focused electron beam 1, discharged from the accelerator 2 through the outlet 3 into the processing zone of the process chamber 5, which is loaded using a feed system 6 with raw materials 7, which during electron beam processing is separated into slag 8, taken through channel 9 into container 10 and the final product 11, taken through a siphon 12 into the container 13 for collecting the final product. In this case, the sensor 14 controls the temperature of the processed material, and the sensor 15 controls the temperature of the gaseous medium in the processing zone, which is controlled by blocking the gate 17 in the processing chamber 5 between the processing zone 4 and the environment with a gate 16.

m

C

T

H

которые зависят от состава и физико-химических свойств обрабатываемых материалов. Зная эти величины, определяют начальное наименьшее значение мощности пучка 1 по выражению в п.1 формулы изобретения. Камеру 5 с помощью системы 6 загружают сырьем 7, представляющим собой, например, комплексное соединение - дросовые отходы процесса горячего цинкования, включают ускоритель 2 и устанавливают найденное начальное значение мощности пучка 1. В результате воздействия пучка 1 на загруженное в камеру 5 сырье 7 происходит его нагрев, который контролируют датчиком 14 температуры обработки. В случае заниженных показаний датчика 14 увеличивают мощность пучка 1 и наоборот, при превышении показаний датчика 14 мощность пучка 1 уменьшают. При этом сырье 7 подают с производительностью ω. Датчиком 15 контролируют температуру в зоне 4 обработки. В случае ее отличия от температуры обработки изменяют энергию ускоренных электронов и/или давление в зоне 4 обработки по закону, приведенному в п.2 формулы изобретения. Наиболее удобно изменять давление путем перемещения шибера 16 относительно отверстия 17. А именно, если температура в зоне 4 обработки по показаниям датчика 15 меньше температуры обработки и, значит, согласно п.2 формулы изобретения, необходимо увеличить давление в зоне 4, шибером 16 прикрывают отверстие 17. И наоборот, если температура в зоне 4 больше температуры обработки, т.е. необходимо уменьшить давление в зоне 4, шибером 16 приоткрывают отверстие 17. Под воздействием пучка 1 в камере 5 осуществляется электронно-лучевая обработка материалов и, в случае обработки дросовых отходов процесса горячего цинкования, в камере 5 образуется расплав, в котором за счет радиационных эффектов - электронной бомбардировки, рентгеновского и γ -излучения разрываются комплексные связи и весь цинк, т.е. конечный продукт 11, находившийся в дросе, т. е. сырье 7, в свободном и связанном состоянии, вследствие большей плотности, чем у остальных компонентов, перемещается в нижнюю часть камеры 5, а более легкие остальные компоненты остаются на поверхности расплава и образуют шлак 8, отбираемый по каналу 9 в контейнер 10. Конечный продукт 11 отбирают из нижней части расплава через сифон 12 в контейнер 13.The method of electron beam processing of materials using the above device is as follows. Pre-set parameters: ω, Т, Т _о , n, matrices

m

C

T

H

which depend on the composition and physico-chemical properties of the processed materials. Knowing these values, determine the initial lowest value of the power of the beam 1 according to the expression in claim 1 of the claims. The chamber 5 using the system 6 is loaded with raw materials 7, which is, for example, a complex connection - dross waste of the hot dip galvanizing process, includes an accelerator 2 and sets the found initial value of the beam power 1. As a result of the influence of beam 1 on the raw material 7 loaded into the chamber 5, it heating, which is controlled by the processing temperature sensor 14. In case of underestimated readings of the sensor 14, the power of the beam 1 is increased and vice versa, when the readings of the sensor 14 are exceeded, the power of the beam 1 is reduced. When this raw material 7 is served with a capacity of ω. The sensor 15 controls the temperature in the processing zone 4. If it differs from the processing temperature, the energy of accelerated electrons and / or the pressure in the processing zone 4 are changed according to the law given in claim 2. It is most convenient to change the pressure by moving the gate 16 relative to the hole 17. Namely, if the temperature in the processing zone 4 according to the readings of the sensor 15 is less than the processing temperature and, therefore, according to claim 2, it is necessary to increase the pressure in the zone 4, cover the hole with a gate 16 17. And vice versa, if the temperature in zone 4 is higher than the processing temperature, i.e. it is necessary to reduce the pressure in zone 4, open the opening 17 with a gate 16. Under the influence of beam 1 in the chamber 5, electron-beam processing of materials is carried out and, in the case of processing of waste galvanized hot galvanizing process, a melt is formed in chamber 5, in which due to radiation effects electronic bombardment, x-ray and γ-radiation complex bonds are broken and all zinc, i.e. the end product 11, which was in the dross, i.e., raw material 7, in a free and bound state, due to the higher density than the other components, moves to the lower part of the chamber 5, and the lighter other components remain on the surface of the melt and form slag 8 taken through channel 9 into the container 10. The final product 11 is taken from the bottom of the melt through a siphon 12 into the container 13.

 An example of a specific implementation of the method.

m

=

=

: 100

C

=

H

=

T

=

=

Отсюда, согласно выражению (2), получим
Р > 3,2 ^. 10⁵ ω.The proposed method was tested on an electron accelerator ELV-4 (Dnepropetrovsk) during the extraction of zinc from waste gas generated during hot galvanizing of a steel strip at the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant (NLMK). The composition of the upper drosa includes 95% zinc. Of these, 47.5% of free zinc and ≈ 47.5% of zinc, complexed with oxides of zinc (≈ 3.6%), aluminum (≈ 1.1%), iron (≈ 0.3). The temperature of the electron-beam treatment process was maintained equal to T = 770 K. The initial temperature of the raw material was T _o = 300 K. The number of components n = 4. Determining the elements of the matrices, we assume that the serial number of the component i = 1 corresponds to zinc, i = 2 - to oxide zinc, i = 3 - alumina, i = 4 - iron oxide. Then we get

m

=

=

: 100

C

=

H

=

T

=

=

From here, according to expression (2), we obtain
P> 3.2 ^. 10 ⁵ ω.

 In accordance with this result, for the productivity of the electron beam processing process ω = 1/9 kg / s (400 kg / h), an initial beam power of 36 kW was established. With the steady-state process of processing and temperature control using the sensor 14, the average beam power of electrons accelerated to an energy of 1.4 MeV was P = 40 kW> 36 kW, which satisfies the condition given in the claims.

 The pressure in the processing zone 4 was 1.01 atm, which is also included in the pressure range specified in the claims.

 As a result of the implementation of the proposed method, 99.95% zinc, suitable for reuse in the hot application of zinc coatings, was obtained from hot-dip galvanized waste. According to the results of the analysis, the yield of zinc amounted to 95% by weight of the raw material of dros. This indicates that the processing of hot-dip galvanized waste wastes, which are a complex compound, according to the proposed method allows to extract all zinc, both free and bound, from theros. Thus, the proposed method in comparison with the prototype has advanced technological capabilities and high reliability.

 Economic efficiency is determined by the amount of zinc extracted from the dros.

 The annual volume of waste waste generated during the hot dip galvanizing at NLMK is 2,400 t / year. The proposed method allows to extract 95% of the zinc contained in these wastes, i.e. 2280 t / year.

 Currently, the Institute is working on the development of technology based on the proposed method. The implementation of this method can be carried out at enterprises having large volumes of production of hot dip galvanizing.

Claims (2)

1. METHOD OF ELECTRON BEAM PROCESSING OF MATERIALS, including the supply of raw materials and their heat treatment under the influence of an electron beam with subsequent collection of the final product, characterized in that the raw materials are treated with an accelerated electron beam under a pressure exceeding the ambient pressure, block the processing zone from environmental access while maintaining the temperature formed in the processing zone of the gas medium constant and equal to the temperature of the processing process, while the power of the beam of accelerated electrons is chosen from expressions
P> ω

ν _ij (C _ij (τ _ij -T _ij ) + H _ij ),
τ _ij =

where P is the power of the beam of accelerated electrons, W;
ω is the productivity of the process of electron beam processing, kg / s;
n is the number of components of the raw material;
i is the serial number of the component;
m _i - the number of phase transitions of the i-th component in the temperature range (T ₀ , T);
j is the sequence number of the phase transition, j = 0 ÷ m _i ;
T ₀ is the initial temperature of the feed, K;
T is the temperature of the processing process, K;
ν _ij is the mass fraction of the ith component after the jth phase transition, relative to unit;
C _ij is the average heat capacity of the i-th component in the temperature range (T _ij , τ _ij ), J / kg · K;
T _ij is the temperature of the j-th phase transition of the i-th component;
H _ij is the enthalpy of the jth phase transition of the ith component H _io ≡ 0 J / kg;
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the gas medium formed in the processing zone is kept constant and equal to the temperature of the processing process by measuring the temperature of the gas medium and setting the rates of change of accelerated element energy and / or pressure in the processing zone according to the law

> 0,

<0 for T ₁ >T;

= 0,

= 0 at T ₁ = T;

<0,

> 0 for T ₁ <T,
Where

- rate of change of energy of accelerated electrons, MeV / s;

- rate of change of pressure in the treatment zone, atm / s;
T ₁ - temperature of the gas medium, K.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw material is processed under a pressure of 1-10 ATM.

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