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RU2019120244A - Жесткие пенополиуретаны, способ их получения и их применение - Google Patents

Жесткие пенополиуретаны, способ их получения и их применение Download PDF

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RU2019120244A
RU2019120244A RU2019120244A RU2019120244A RU2019120244A RU 2019120244 A RU2019120244 A RU 2019120244A RU 2019120244 A RU2019120244 A RU 2019120244A RU 2019120244 A RU2019120244 A RU 2019120244A RU 2019120244 A RU2019120244 A RU 2019120244A
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polyurethane foams
rigid polyurethane
mixtures
component
polyether polyol
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RU2019120244A
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Райнхард АЛЬБЕРС
Мартин МАРАЦИТА
Франк ОТТО
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Ковестро Дойчланд Аг
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Claims (23)

1. Жесткие пенополиуретаны, получаемые посредством взаимодействия вспенивающей реакционной смеси, состоящей из следующих компонентов:
компонента А) с реакционноспособными по отношению к изоцианатным группам атомами водорода, включающего полиольный компонент А1), воду А2), а также при необходимости стабилизаторы A3), катализаторы А4) и прочие вспомогательные средства и добавки А5), по меньшей мере одного физического вспенивающего средства Т) и полиизоцианатного компонента В),
отличающиеся тем, что полиольный компонент А1) содержит следующие компоненты (i)-(iii) (в пересчете на общую массу компонента А1):
(i) от 60 до 75 мас.% простого полиэфирполиола А1а) с гидроксильным числом от 300 до 600 мг KОН/г и функциональностью от 3,0 до 6,0, получаемый посредством присоединения эпоксида к одному или нескольким инициирующим соединениям, выбранным из группы, состоящей из углеводов и двухатомных или более высокоатомных спиртов,
(ii) от 20 до 35 мас.% простого полиэфирполиола A1b) с гидроксильным числом от 100 до 550 мг KОН/г и функциональностью от 1,5 до 5,0, получаемый посредством присоединения эпоксида или смеси эпоксидов к ароматическому амину,
(iii) от 3 до 10 мас.% простого полиэфирполиола А1 с) с гидроксильным числом от 15 до менее 300 мг КОН/г и функциональностью от 1,5 до 4,0, получаемый посредством присоединения эпоксида или смеси эпоксидов к одному или нескольким инициирующим соединениям, выбранным из группы, состоящей из углеводов и двухатомных или более высокоатомных спиртов,
причем полиизоцианатный компонент В) содержит в пересчете на его общую массу по меньшей мере 85 мас.% полимерного МДИ с содержанием изоцианатных групп от ≥29,0 до ≤32,0 мас.%, и вязкостью при 25°С (EN ISO 3219, октябрь 1994) от ≥300 до ≤750 мПа⋅с, причем полимерный МДИ содержит в пересчете на его общую массу от ≥25 до ≤40 мас.%, мономерного МДИ.
2. Жесткие пенополиуретаны по п. 1, отличающиеся тем, что простой полиэфирполиол А1а), получаемый посредством присоединения эпоксида или смеси эпоксидов, состоящей из этиленоксида и пропиленоксида, предпочтительно пропиленоксида, к одному или нескольким инициирующим соединениям, выбранным из группы, состоящей из смеси сахарозы с пропиленгликолем, смеси сахарозы с этиленгликолем, смеси сахарозы, пропиленгликоля и этиленгликоля, смеси сахарозы с глицерином, смеси сорбита с пропиленгликолем, смеси сорбита с этиленгликолем, смеси сорбита, пропиленгликоля и этиленгликоля, а также смеси сорбита с глицерином.
3. Жесткие пенополиуретаны по п. 1, отличающиеся тем, что простой полиэфирполиол A1b) является простым полиэфирполиолом, получение которого инициировано орто-толуилендиамином, мета-толуилендиамином, пара-толуилендиамином или смесью изомеров толуилендиамина.
4. Жесткие пенополиуретаны по п. 1, отличающиеся тем, что простой полиэфирполиол А1 с) является простым полиэфирполиолом, получение которого инициировано глицерином, смесями глицерина с пропиленгликолем, триметилолпропаном, смесями триметилолпропана с пропиленгликолем или пропиленгликолем.
5. Жесткие пенополиуретаны по одному из пп. 1-4, причем компонент А) содержит ≥1,5 мас.% воды А2).
6. Жесткие пенополиуретаны по одному из пп. 1-4, причем компонент А) содержит ≥1,5 мас.% воды А2) и от 0,5 до 5 мас.% стабилизатора A3), выбранного из группы сополимеров типа простой полиэфир-полидиметилсилоксан.
7. Жесткие пенополиуретаны по п. 1, отличающиеся тем, что полимерный МДИ обладает вязкостью при 25°С (EN ISO 3219, октябрь 1994) от 350 до 500 мПа⋅с (EN ISO 3219, октябрь 1994).
8. Жесткие пенополиуретаны по п. 1, дополнительно содержащие катализатор А4), выбранный из группы, состоящей из триэтилендиамина, N,N-диметилциклогексиламина, дициклогексилметиламина, тетраметилендиамина, 1-метил-4-диметиламиноэтилпипе-разина, триэтиламина, трибутиламина, диметилбензиламина, N,N',N''-трис(диметиламинопропил)гексагидротриазина, трис(диметиламинопропил)-амина, трис(диметиламинометил)фенола, диметиламинопропил-формамида, N,N,N',N'-тетраметилэтилендиамина, N,N,N',N'-тетрамитилбутандиамина, тетраметилгександиамина, пентаметилдиэтилентриамина, пентаметилдипропилентриамина, тетраметилдиамино-этилового эфира, диметилпиперазина, 1,2-диметилимидазола, 1-азабицикло[3.3.0]октана, бис-(диметиламинопропил)мочевины, N-метилморфолина, N-этилморфолина, натрий-N-[(2-гидрокси-5-нонилфенил)метил]-N-метиламиноацетата, N-циклогексил-морфолина, 2,3-диметил-3,4,5,6-тетрагидропиримидина, триэтаноламина, диэтаноламина, триизопропаноламина, N-метил-диэтаноламина, N-этилдиэтаноламина и диметилэтаноламина.
9. Способ получения формованных изделий из жестких пенополиуретанов по одному из пп. 1-8, который включает следующие стадии:
a) предоставление формы,
b) введение в форму вспенивающей реакционной смеси, состоящей из компонента А), полиизоцианатного компонента В) и вспенивающего средства Т), и
c) вспенивание реакционной смеси.
10. Способ по п. 9, причем вспенивающую реакционную смесь подают в форму при варьируемом давлении нагнетания и/или с переменным во времени расходом.
11. Способ по п. 10, причем стадию b) и/или стадию c) реализуют под вакуумом.
12. Способ по п. 11, причем взаимодействие изоцианатного компонента В) с полиолом осуществляют при характеристических числах от 100 до 150.
13. Комбинированная система, содержащая жесткий пенополиуретан по одному из пп. 1-8.
14. Применение комбинированной системы по п. 13 в качестве изолирующего материала, в частности, для использования в системах замораживания.
RU2019120244A 2016-11-29 2017-11-24 Жесткие пенополиуретаны, способ их получения и их применение RU2019120244A (ru)

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