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RU2018108055A - Improved method and system for cooling a hydrocarbon stream. - Google Patents

Improved method and system for cooling a hydrocarbon stream. Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2018108055A
RU2018108055A RU2018108055A RU2018108055A RU2018108055A RU 2018108055 A RU2018108055 A RU 2018108055A RU 2018108055 A RU2018108055 A RU 2018108055A RU 2018108055 A RU2018108055 A RU 2018108055A RU 2018108055 A RU2018108055 A RU 2018108055A
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RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
heat exchanger
stream
cooling
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
RU2018108055A
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Russian (ru)
Other versions
RU2018108055A3 (en
RU2748319C2 (en
Inventor
Говри КРИШНАМУРТИ
Марк Джулиан РОБЕРТС
Original Assignee
Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз, Инк.
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Application filed by Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз, Инк. filed Critical Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз, Инк.
Publication of RU2018108055A publication Critical patent/RU2018108055A/en
Publication of RU2018108055A3 publication Critical patent/RU2018108055A3/ru
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of RU2748319C2 publication Critical patent/RU2748319C2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
    • F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0207—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0227—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers within a refrigeration cascade
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0403—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/902—Details about the refrigeration cycle used, e.g. composition of refrigerant, arrangement of compressors or cascade, make up sources, use of reflux exchangers etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/906—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by heat driven absorption chillers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/50—Arrangement of multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step in parallel

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Claims (46)

1. Способ охлаждения углеводородного сырьевого потока первым хладагентом для получения охлажденного углеводородного потока, при этом первый хладагент имеет критическую температуру, включающий этапы, на которых:1. A method of cooling a hydrocarbon feed stream by a first refrigerant to produce a cooled hydrocarbon stream, wherein the first refrigerant has a critical temperature, comprising the steps of: (a) сжимают первый хладагент в одной или более ступенях компрессии для получения сжатого первого хладагента;(a) compressing the first refrigerant in one or more stages of compression to obtain a compressed first refrigerant; (б) охлаждают сжатый первый хладагент флюидом окружающей среды в одном или более теплообменниках для получения охлажденного первого хладагента с первой температурой;(b) cooling the compressed first refrigerant with ambient fluid in one or more heat exchangers to produce a cooled first refrigerant with a first temperature; (в) охлаждают поток флюида в каждом из по меньшей мере одного контура охлаждения, расположенного в сообщении по потоку флюида ниже по потоку от одного или более теплообменников окружающей среды, при этом каждый из по меньшей мере одного контура охлаждения имеет по меньшей мере одну ступень испарения, при этом каждый из последующих этапов выполняют на каждой ступени испарения:(c) cool the fluid stream in each of at least one cooling circuit located in communication with the fluid stream downstream of one or more environmental heat exchangers, wherein each of the at least one cooling circuit has at least one evaporation stage , wherein each of the subsequent steps is performed at each evaporation stage: (i) снижают давление первого хладагента;(i) reduce the pressure of the first refrigerant; (ii) охлаждают поток флюида первым хладагентом пониженного давления в испарителе, что приводит к испарению по меньшей мере части первого хладагента пониженного давления; и(ii) cooling the fluid stream with a first reduced pressure refrigerant in the evaporator, resulting in evaporation of at least a portion of the first reduced pressure refrigerant; and (iii) обеспечивают прохождение по меньшей мере части испаренного первого хладагента пониженного давления в одну, из по меньшей мере, одной ступеней компрессии;(iii) allowing at least a portion of the vaporized first reduced pressure refrigerant to pass into one of at least one compression stage; при этом по меньшей мере один поток флюида, который охлаждается по меньшей мере в одном контуре охлаждения, включает углеводородный сырьевой поток и на этапе (в) получают охлажденный углеводородный поток;wherein at least one fluid stream that is cooled in at least one cooling circuit includes a hydrocarbon feed stream and in step (c) a cooled hydrocarbon stream is obtained; (г) после этапа (б) и перед этапом (в) дополнительно охлаждают охлажденный первый хладагент по меньшей мере в одном вспомогательном теплообменнике вспомогательным хладагентом для получения дополнительно охлажденного первого хладагента при второй температуре, если первая температура больше или равна критической температуре первого хладагента, при этом вторая температура меньше, чем критическая температура первого хладагента; и(d) after step (b) and before step (c), the cooled first refrigerant is additionally cooled in at least one auxiliary heat exchanger with auxiliary refrigerant to obtain an additionally cooled first refrigerant at a second temperature, if the first temperature is greater than or equal to the critical temperature of the first refrigerant, this second temperature is less than the critical temperature of the first refrigerant; and (д) после этапа (б) и перед этапом (в) осуществляют обход по байпасу по меньшей мере одного вспомогательного теплообменника, если первая температура меньше, чем критическая температура первого хладагента.(e) after step (b) and before step (c), bypass at least one auxiliary heat exchanger is bypassed if the first temperature is less than the critical temperature of the first refrigerant. 2. Способ по п. 1, в котором по меньшей мере один вспомогательный теплообменник включает экономайзер, а вспомогательный хладагент включает первый хладагент.2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one auxiliary heat exchanger includes an economizer and the auxiliary refrigerant comprises a first refrigerant. 3. Способ по п. 1, в котором вспомогательный хладагент является по меньшей мере частью углеводородного сырьевого потока.3. The method of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary refrigerant is at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feed stream. 4. Способ по п. 1, в котором по меньшей мере один вспомогательный теплообменник является частью системы компрессии пара с замкнутым контуром.4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one auxiliary heat exchanger is part of a closed loop steam compression system. 5. Способ по п. 4, в котором вспомогательный хладагент является фторуглеводородом или пропаном.5. The method according to claim 4, in which the auxiliary refrigerant is fluorocarbon or propane. 6. Способ по п. 1, который дополнительно включает:6. The method according to p. 1, which further includes: (е) дополнительное охлаждение и сжижение охлажденного углеводородного потока по меньшей мере в одном теплообменнике для сжижения потоком второго хладагента для получения потока сжиженного природного газа.(e) additional cooling and liquefaction of the cooled hydrocarbon stream in at least one heat exchanger to liquefy the second refrigerant stream to obtain a liquefied natural gas stream. 7. Способ по п. 6, в котором по меньшей мере один поток флюида, который охлаждается по меньшей мере в одном контуре охлаждения, включает второй хладагент.7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one fluid stream that is cooled in at least one cooling circuit comprises a second refrigerant. 8. Способ по п. 1, в котором первый хладагент включает этан, диоксид углерода или этилен.8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first refrigerant comprises ethane, carbon dioxide or ethylene. 9. Способ по п. 1, в котором этап (а) дополнительно включает:9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises: (а) сжатие первого хладагента в нескольких ступенях компрессии для получения сжатого первого хладагента.(a) compressing the first refrigerant in several stages of compression to obtain a compressed first refrigerant. 10. Способ по п. 9, в котором этап (в) дополнительно включает охлаждение по меньшей мере одного потока флюида в нескольких ступенях испарения, расположенных ниже по потоку от экономайзера, при этом этапы (в)(i) -(в)(iii) выполняют на каждой из нескольких ступеней испарения.10. The method according to p. 9, in which step (c) further includes cooling at least one fluid stream in several evaporation stages located downstream of the economizer, wherein steps (c) (i) to (c) (iii ) perform at each of several stages of evaporation. 11. Установка для охлаждения углеводородного сырьевого потока, причем установка включает:11. Installation for cooling a hydrocarbon feed stream, and the installation includes: по меньшей мере, одну ступень компрессии, сконфигурированную с возможностью сжатия первого хладагента;at least one compression stage configured to compress the first refrigerant; по меньшей мере, один теплообменник окружающей среды ниже по потоку в сообщении по потоку флюида по меньшей мере с одной ступенью компрессии, при этом по меньшей мере один теплообменник окружающей среды, сконфигурирован с возможностью охлаждения первого хладагента до первой температуры путем косвенного теплообмена с флюидом окружающей среды;at least one environmental heat exchanger downstream in communication with the fluid flow with at least one compression stage, wherein at least one environmental heat exchanger is configured to cool the first refrigerant to a first temperature by indirect heat exchange with the ambient fluid ; по меньшей мере один вспомогательный теплообменник ниже по потоку в сообщении по потоку флюида по меньшей мере с одним теплообменником окружающей среды, при этом вспомогательный теплообменник сконфигурирован с возможностью дополнительного охлаждения первого хладагента до второй температуры, которая ниже критической температуры первого хладагента;at least one auxiliary heat exchanger downstream in fluid communication with at least one environmental heat exchanger, wherein the auxiliary heat exchanger is configured to further cool the first refrigerant to a second temperature that is lower than the critical temperature of the first refrigerant; по меньшей мере, один контур охлаждения, расположенный ниже по потоку в сообщении по потоку флюида по меньшей мере от одного вспомогательного теплообменника, при этом, каждый из по меньшей мере одного контура охлаждения имеет по меньшей мере одну ступень испарения, причем каждая из ступеней испарения включает дроссельный клапан выше по потоку в сообщении по потоку флюида с испарителем, при этом испаритель сконфигурирован с возможностью охлаждения потока флюида первым хладагентом и создания испаренного потока первого хладагента и охлажденного потока флюида, причем каждая из ступеней испарения дополнительно включает контур испаренного первого хладагента в сообщении по потоку флюида с одной из по меньшей мере одной ступени компрессии;at least one cooling circuit located downstream in fluid communication with the at least one auxiliary heat exchanger, wherein each of the at least one cooling circuit has at least one evaporation stage, each of the evaporation stages comprising the throttle valve upstream in communication with the fluid flow with the evaporator, the evaporator configured to cool the fluid flow by the first refrigerant and create an evaporated flow of the first refrigerant and cooling ennogo fluid flow, wherein each of the stages of evaporation further comprises a vaporized first refrigerant circuit in fluid flow communication with one of the at least one compression stage; байпасную систему, включающую контроллер по меньшей мере один температурный датчик, несколько клапанов и по меньшей мере один байпасный контур в сообщении по потоку флюида по меньшей мере с одним теплообменником окружающей среды и по меньшей мере одним контуром охлаждения, при этом байпасная система сконфигурирована с возможностью: (1) предотвращать прохождение первого хладагента через по меньшей мере один байпасный контур и позволять прохождение первого хладагента через по меньшей мере один вспомогательный теплообменник, когда первая температура больше или равна критической температуре первого хладагента и (2) позволять прохождение первого хладагента через по меньшей мере один байпасный контур и предотвращать прохождение первого хладагента через по меньшей мере один вспомогательный теплообменник, когда первая температура меньше критической температуры первого хладагента;a bypass system comprising a controller, at least one temperature sensor, several valves and at least one bypass circuit in fluid communication with at least one ambient heat exchanger and at least one cooling circuit, wherein the bypass system is configured to: (1) to prevent the passage of the first refrigerant through at least one bypass circuit and to allow the passage of the first refrigerant through at least one auxiliary heat exchanger when the first temperature of greater than or equal to the critical temperature of the first refrigerant and (2) allow passage of the first coolant through at least one bypass circuit and prevent the passage of refrigerant through the first at least one auxiliary heat exchanger when the first temperature is less than the critical temperature of the first refrigerant; при этом поток флюида по меньшей мере одного из по меньшей мере одного контура охлаждения включает углеводородный сырьевой потокwherein the fluid stream of at least one of the at least one cooling circuit includes a hydrocarbon feed stream 12. Установка по п. 11, в которой по меньшей мере один вспомогательный теплообменник включает экономайзер.12. Installation according to claim 11, in which at least one auxiliary heat exchanger includes an economizer. 13. Установка по п. 11, в которой по меньшей мере один вспомогательный теплообменник является частью системы компрессии пара с замкнутым контуром.13. Installation according to claim 11, in which at least one auxiliary heat exchanger is part of a closed-loop steam compression system. 14. Способ охлаждения углеводородного сырьевого потока первым хладагентом для получения охлажденного углеводородного потока, при этом первый хладагент имеет критическую температуру, включающий этапы, на которых:14. A method of cooling a hydrocarbon feed stream by a first refrigerant to produce a cooled hydrocarbon stream, wherein the first refrigerant has a critical temperature, comprising the steps of: (a) сжимают первый хладагент по меньшей мере на одной ступени компрессии, для получения сжатого первого хладагента;(a) compressing the first refrigerant in at least one compression step to produce a compressed first refrigerant; (б) охлаждают сжатый первый хладагент флюидом окружающей среды по меньшей мере в одном теплообменнике окружающей среды для получения охлажденного первого хладагента с первой температурой, которая больше или равна критической температуре первого хладагента;(b) cooling the compressed first refrigerant with ambient fluid in at least one environmental heat exchanger to produce a cooled first refrigerant with a first temperature that is greater than or equal to the critical temperature of the first refrigerant; (в) охлаждают поток флюида в каждом из по меньшей мере одного контура охлаждения, расположенного ниже по потоку в сообщении по потоку флюида от теплообменника окружающей среды, при этом каждый из по меньшей мере одного контура охлаждения имеет по меньшей мере одну ступень испарения, каждую из последующих ступеней выполняют на каждой ступени испарения:(c) cooling the fluid flow in each of at least one cooling circuit located downstream in communication with the fluid flow from the environmental heat exchanger, wherein each of the at least one cooling circuit has at least one evaporation stage, each of subsequent stages perform at each stage of evaporation: (i) снижают давление первого хладагента;(i) reduce the pressure of the first refrigerant; (ii) охлаждают поток флюида первым хладагентом пониженного давления в испарителе, что приводит к испарению по меньшей мере, части первого хладагента пониженного давления; и(ii) cooling the fluid stream with a first reduced pressure refrigerant in the evaporator, resulting in evaporation of at least a portion of the first reduced pressure refrigerant; and (iii) осуществляют прохождение по меньшей мере части испаренного первого хладагента пониженного давления в одну, из по меньшей мере, одной ступени компрессии;(iii) passing at least a portion of the vaporized first reduced pressure refrigerant to one of at least one compression stage; при этом по меньшей мере одна ступень испарения каждого из по меньшей мере одного контура охлаждения, включает первую ступень испарения, которая расположена выше по потоку на конце по меньшей мере одного контура охлаждения, при этом этап (в)(i) включает на каждой первой ступени испарения следующий этап, на котором:wherein at least one evaporation stage of each of the at least one cooling circuit includes a first evaporation stage, which is located upstream at the end of at least one cooling circuit, wherein step (c) (i) includes at each first stage Evaporation is the next step in which: (в)(i) снижают давление первой части первого хладагента, используя устройство изоэнтропийного расширения для получения первого хладагента пониженного давления с долей пара не меньше, чем 0,2 и не больше, чем 0,6.(c) (i) reduce the pressure of the first part of the first refrigerant using an isentropic expansion device to obtain a first reduced pressure refrigerant with a vapor fraction of not less than 0.2 and not more than 0.6. при этом по меньшей мере один поток флюида, который охлаждается по меньшей мере в одном контуре охлаждения выбирают из группы: углеводородный поток и поток второго хладагента.wherein at least one fluid stream that is cooled in at least one cooling circuit is selected from the group: a hydrocarbon stream and a second refrigerant stream. 15. Способ по п. 14, который дополнительно включает:15. The method according to p. 14, which further includes: (г) дополнительное охлаждение и сжижение охлажденного углеводородного потока по меньшей мере в одном теплообменнике для сжижения потоком второго хладагента для получения потока сжиженного природного газа.(g) additional cooling and liquefaction of the cooled hydrocarbon stream in at least one heat exchanger to liquefy the second refrigerant stream to obtain a liquefied natural gas stream. 16. Способ по п. 15, в котором по меньшей мере один поток флюида, который охлаждают по меньшей мере в одном контуре охлаждения, включает второй хладагент.16. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one fluid stream that is cooled in at least one cooling circuit comprises a second refrigerant. 17. Способ по п. 14, в котором первый хладагент является этаном, диоксидом углерода или этиленом.17. The method according to p. 14, in which the first refrigerant is ethane, carbon dioxide or ethylene. 18. Способ по п. 14, в котором этап (а) дополнительно включает этап, на котором:18. The method according to p. 14, in which step (a) further includes a step on which: (а) сжимают первый хладагент в нескольких ступенях сжатия для получения сжатого первого хладагента.(a) compressing the first refrigerant in several stages of compression to obtain a compressed first refrigerant.
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