RU2018002C1 - Rotor-piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: case 5 of the engine is provided with curved guide 10 and rotor 1 with cylinders wherein pistons 8 with rollers 9 are received. The rollers are in contact with double-arm lever. An axle of the lever is spring- loaded. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering. The rotary piston engine with the arrangement of the pistons parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor has a sinusoidal guide. Further in the text the ICE sine will be called.

 ICE can be used as a power plant in vehicles (car, plane, motorcycle, etc.), as well as in stationary installations (diesel power plants, water supply devices, etc.).

 ICE is most applicable in a car.

 Famous internal combustion engines have a large weight per unit of power and, accordingly, a large metal consumption in the manufacture, small resource, complex structure, high manufacturing cost, are not universal in use, do not have the possibility of reverse, modularity (the possibility of connecting the engines into a circuit to obtain more power), do not transform torque (require an additional gearbox), do not have the ability to recover energy without moving the pistons. Due to the large inertial loads, the rotation speed on the output shaft is limited. Wankel rotary engines do not solve the problem of gas joint sealing and increased oil consumption, but this engine has a relatively high efficiency due to the fact that the fuel burns in a closed volume (enclosed space).

 In rotary-piston internal combustion engines with an axial arrangement of pistons, the main drawback is the chipping of the working surfaces of curved guides.

 Gas turbines have a low weight per unit of power, but less efficiency, and therefore greater fuel consumption per unit of power.

 The prototype of the proposed internal combustion engine is a rotary piston engine with an axial arrangement of pistons (US patent N 4023542, CL 123-58, 1977).

 In this engine, the pistons move parallel to the axis of rotation of the body, through the rod and rollers rely on the curved surface of the stationary track, with a lateral force they rotate the body relative to the track. There is a groove on the track, which with its protrusions allows the pistons to move in the opposite direction relative to the protrusions. This arrangement allows, with careful refinement, to obtain indicators similar to those in ICEs with a crank mechanism.

The prototype has the following disadvantages:
large specific gravity per unit of power, large dimensions (it is required to place a gas distribution mechanism and other auxiliary units);
this engine is difficult to manufacture (precise fitting, inlet, outlet channels in the body of the body, track fixation, power take-off from the rotating body and its fastening, etc.);
the resource of such an engine is low due to the fact that the shock loads of the working stroke are not amortized, but are completely perceived by the working surface of the track, which leads to its quick (catastrophic) chipping, there is no smoothness of travel;
the rollers have a small diameter, so the specific loads on the working surface are many times increased, which exacerbates the disadvantage specified in paragraph 1;
ensuring reverse is difficult, modularity is impossible due to one-way output, rotation speed is limited due to the sharpness of the stroke;
grooves made in the track exclude free rotation of the moving parts without the use of a piston, and this leads to additional inevitable wear of rings, pistons, cylinder mirrors, require a lot of torque when starting up;
the engine does not have a device that compensates for the thermal gap, the gap formed as a result of wear of the track guide and the roller, which leads to noise of its work and intensive wear.

 The purpose of the invention is to design an internal combustion engine having the cost-effectiveness of a crank piston engine and low weight per gas turbine power unit, which has additional positive qualities: modularity, reversibility, recuperativeness of rotational motion, the ability to transform torque, which has a large range of speed control.

 The proposed internal combustion engine (Fig. 1) consists of a rotor 1, in the front (left) part of which a lock spring 2, a spacer ring 3 and an oil seal 4 are installed, which ensures the fixation of the rotor from axial movements and the seal of the joint between rotor 1 and stator 5.

 In the rotor there is an internal inclined hole for installing the candle 6. Similarly to the piston engine, the piston pin 7 is installed in the piston 8. On the finger 7 there is an impeller 9, which is constantly in contact with the curved (sinusoidal) working surface of the stator 10. The gasket 11 of the cover 12 provides tightness around the perimeter of the stator in the rear (right) part. The spacer ring 13, the bearing, the washer 14 and the circlip lock the rotor against axial movement in the rear. The cover 12 is attached to the stator with a screw-bolt connection 16, 17.

 The piston fingers 7 (Fig. 2), through the fastening screws 18, are pairwise - sequentially connected in a circle by two-arm levers 19, swinging on the axes 20. For gas distribution there are purge windows of the rotor 21, an outlet window 22 and an inlet window 23 of the stator.

 The two-arm lever 19 (Fig. 3) has slots 24 at the ends of the lever to allow the piston finger 7 to move freely parallel to the axis of the engine. To ensure (free) regenerative rotation (rolling), an option is proposed for spring suspension of the rocker arm with a spring 25, which has a dual purpose. Firstly, the spring holds both impellers 9 in constant contact with the working surface of the stator 10, compensating for the gap from wear and thermal expansion. Secondly, it is returnable for the lever 26 (Fig. 4), which, under the influence of the thrust bearing 27, ensures, when turning around the axis 27, the pistons are disconnected from the guide.

 The engine is made on sliding bearings 13 (Fig. 1), the tightening of which is regulated by the removal and setting of the adjusting plates 11 (Fig. 1). The tightness of the internal cavity of the engine from oil leakage is ensured by the seals 4 and 14. The tightness of the rotor around the perimeter is achieved by tightly fitting the rotor onto the stator, oil-lubricating thread on the rotor, as well as stuffing box seals on the stator.

 The two-armed lever provides movement of the piston during the intake stroke, and also to mitigate the shock load during the stroke working stroke, transferring the load partially to the piston of the opposite end of the rocker arm and to the spring 25 (Fig. 4).

 All parts are lubricated by dipping in an oil bath, as well as by spraying. The engine can be performed both diesel with internal mixture formation, and carburetor with external mixture formation. Moreover, in the latter case, the glow plug 6 (Fig. 1) is located inside the rotor.

 Air or liquid cooling.

 Reverse can be done by changing the timing of ignition or injection, connecting several engines in series with rotors, an increase in module power is achieved.

 Description of engine operation.

 When starting (starter), the piston 8 (Fig. 1) is in the extreme left position. The combustible mixture above the piston head is compressed. Due to the spark discharge of the candle 6 (Fig. 1), the mixture ignites and pushes the piston to the right side. In this case, the roller 9 (Fig. 1) rolls along a sinusoidal guide (working stroke). The gas energy force will rotate the rotor 1/16 turn counterclockwise in FIG. 2. Associated with the two-arm lever 19 (Fig. 2), the next piston will move to the left (Fig. 1), compressing the mixture (compression). At the same time, the next pair of pistons will move. Moreover, the next piston will go to the right, opening the inlet purge window 21 (Fig. 2, Inlet). (The piston is shown at the moment of closing the purge windows of the intake and exhaust). The movement of the piston to the right will occur due to the movement of rotation of the two shoulders of the lever, as the piston associated with it will move to the left, because the roller of the last piston rolls around the protrusion of the sinusoidal guide. The last piston goes from right to left. The inlet window 21 (Fig. 2) of the rotor is located opposite the exhaust channel, through which the exhaust gases (Exhaust). Tracing the description of the engine's operation in the reverse order (intake, exhaust, stroke, compression), the full cycle of the four-stroke internal combustion engine is obvious.

In FIG. 4 and 5, the designations are accepted: Δ ₁ - Δ ₂ - gaps that compensate for the shift of the rocker arm during operation; Δ ₃ - the gap compensating for wear of the guide and the roller, thermal expansion.

 Distinctive (from the prototype) signs. The described engine differs from the prototype in that the pistons of this engine are interconnected in pairs (sequentially in a circle) by a rocker arm, which has the ability to move relative to the piston finger tangentially to the circumference of the finger, the stator is stationary and kinematically not connected to the rotor (the rotor is able to rotate freely relative to stator). In the known solution, the pistons are not connected in pairs by the beam, the housing and the rotor are made together.

 In the described engine, the rocker arm axis is connected to the plate (additional lever) and through the release bearing with the release clutch, which allows the movement to be recovered without moving the pistons. In the known solution, such a problem is not solved.

 In the known solution, the release is not carried out using the rocker, but due to the fact that the piston rod through the rollers is held by the groove protrusions made in the track. These protrusions make it impossible to move the clips from the track, i.e. Provide free rotation.

 The absence of a compensating device that does not allow the gap to appear from wear and temperature changes in the known solution will lead to rapid wear of the track, the main feature that distinguishes the ICE from other analogues.

 In the described engine, it is the sinusoidal guideway with which the impeller is in contact, the rocker arm connecting the pistons in pairs, the shock spring, the impeller on the piston pin make the working stroke smooth.

 Simplified layout, two-way output of the moving part in the described engine allow for modularity, and a combination of inlet and outlet channels in the rotor and stator provides gas distribution without additional plates and drives, as was done in the prototype.

Claims (1)

 A ROTOR-PISTON ENGINE containing a fixed housing with a curved guide, a rotor with cylinders whose axes are parallel to the axis of the rotor, pistons with rolling elements in contact with the guide, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability, the engine is additionally equipped with two-arm rockers connecting the pistons in pairs moreover, the axis of the rocker arm are spring-loaded and connected with the control lever, the rolling elements are made in the form of rollers mounted on the piston rings, and the curved guide is made sinusoidal oh form.

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