RU2017863C1 - Aluminum electrolyzer with self-burning anode and upper power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nonferrous metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: aluminum electrolyzer incorporates combustion chamber provided with supplementary vertical wall that forms air heating passage and has openings to admit air and valve made up of wedge-like protrusions mounted on cover correspondingly opposite openings in wall of gas-collecting chamber. EFFECT: more sophisticated design. 6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production of aluminum by the electrolytic method in electrolyzers with a self-baking anode and top current lead, and relates, in particular, to devices for burning anode gases used on these electrolyzers.

 A device for burning the anode gases of an aluminum electrolyzer installed on the corner section of a bell gas collector, made in the form of a chamber for collecting gases connected to the pods and a combustion chamber with an adjustable air supply system. In the known device, air through openings located on the end washers, enters the space between the outer pipe and the inner pipe and is heated mixed with the anode gases coming from the poplitear space through the hole in the corner section.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the incomplete combustion of anode gases, due to the fact that the effective process of mixing the anode gases with air occurs mainly only on the periphery of the total gas flow passing through the device.

 Closest to the proposed technical solution is an aluminum electrolyzer with a self-baking anode and an upper current supply, equipped with a device for burning anode gases, made in the form of a gas collection chamber connected to the bell-shaped space, and a combustion chamber with an air supply control system, and in the device for burning anode gases the gas collection chamber and the combustion chamber are made flat, rectangular, separated by a perforated plate and installed along the section of the bell gas a window on the longitudinal side of the electrolyzer, and the air supply system to the combustion chamber is made in the form of a channel for heating it, located between the wall of the anode casing and the combustion chamber, made with a slot in the lower part and a lid pivotally mounted on it with a gap relative to the gas collection chamber.

 The known electrolyzer is equipped with a throttle valve, made in the form of rigidly connected perforated plates and drive their movement and designed to control the amount of gas and air supplied to the combustion chamber. In addition, with the help of a throttle valve, you can clean the slots of the plate from dust and resinous.

 The known electrolyzer can improve the efficiency of burning anode gases by combining preheating of the air with a breakdown of the gas stream into many small jets.

 A disadvantage of the known electrolyzer is that the combustion of anode gases is not efficient enough, since the outer wall of the combustion chamber is open and part of the heat from the combustion chamber is lost to the environment. Another disadvantage is that the slots of the perforated plate are quickly overgrown with dust and resinous, so they must often be cleaned.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of burning anode gases and reduce the possibility of overgrowth of cracks in the perforated plate with dust and resinous.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in an aluminum electrolyzer with a self-burning anode and an upper current supply, including a bell gas collector in the form of sections mounted on an anode casing bracket, a device for burning anode gases, made in the form of a gas collection chamber connected to the bell-shaped space, and a combustion chamber with the air supply control system, while the gas collection chamber and the combustion chamber are made flat, rectangular, separated by a perforated plate and installed along the section bell gas collector on the longitudinal side of the electrolyzer, and the air supply system to the combustion chamber is made in the form of a channel for heating it located between the wall of the anode casing and the combustion chamber, made with a slot in the lower part and a cover pivotally mounted on it with a gap relative to the gas collection chamber, the chamber combustion is equipped with an additional vertical wall with holes and forming a channel for heating the air. The holes in the upper part are larger than in the bottom. The cell is equipped with a valve made in the form of wedge protrusions mounted on the lid in return with holes on the wall of the gas collection chamber. The wedge protrusions are provided with holes mating with holes in the perforated plate.

 A distinctive feature of the proposed cell is the presence of an additional external wall of the combustion chamber with holes for the passage of air and forming a channel for heating the air. Thus, in the proposed design, the outer wall of the combustion chamber is separated from the environment by an additional channel for heating the air used for afterburning the anode gases in the combustion chamber. This embodiment allows not only to save the heat of the combustion chamber, but also to supply an additional portion of heated air to the upper zone of the combustion chamber and thereby increase the efficiency of afterburning of the anode gases.

 In the known design, the heated air enters the combustion chamber only in its lower zone. The volume of the combustion chamber is stretched in height from the gas collector to the upper edge of the anode casing, i.e. has significant dimensions, and this volume is not used fully enough for gas combustion, since intense combustion occurs only in the lower zone - the zone of mixing gas with heated air.

 To eliminate this drawback, the proposed design provides for the presence of holes in the walls of the combustion chamber not only horizontally, but also vertically with the only difference being that on the inner wall they decrease from the bottom up, and on the outside they increase.

 This embodiment provides the most efficient air heating required for intensive combustion of gases throughout the volume of the combustion chamber.

 Another distinctive feature of the proposed design is the introduction of an adjustable amount of air into the gas collection chamber through openings in its wall. This embodiment allows burning to clean the holes in the perforated plate from dust and resinous.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed electrolyzer, General view, the valve is installed in the middle position; figure 2 and 3 - valve installed in extreme positions.

 The proposed cell contains an anode device 1 with an anode casing 2 and a bell gas collector 3 in the form of sections mounted on an bracket 4 of the anode casing 2. A device for burning gases contains a housing 5 mounted on the anode casing 2. The housing 5 is divided by two walls: inner 6 and outer 7 to the combustion chamber 8 and two channels 9 and 10 for heating the air entering the chamber 8. There is a nozzle 11 for introducing air into the channel 9. On the wall 6 there are openings 12 for lowering upward heating air to enter the chamber 8, and additional An additional external wall 7 - holes 13 for introducing heated air into the chamber 8 through the channel 10, with each upper hole larger than the lower.

 To ensure intensive mixing of air with anode gases by crushing air jets, as well as to simplify the manufacture of holes 12 and 13 in the walls 6 and 7 can be made the same size, but different numbers in each row, for example, instead of one large hole, two or three holes are made smaller diameter.

 For the removal of gases from the combustion chamber, there is a pipe 14, and for the passage of gases from the pop-up gas collector 3 into the chamber 15 for collecting gases, there are windows 16 in the sections of the gas collector 3.

 The chambers 15 and 8 are made flat, rectangular, separated by a perforated plate 17 and installed along the section of the gas collector 3 on the longitudinal side of the electrolyzer, and the upper boundary of the combustion chamber is made at the level of the upper edge of the anode casing 2.

 The system for supplying heated air to the combustion chamber, in addition to channels 9 and 10, includes a channel 18 formed by the wall 19 of the chamber 15 and the cover 20, pivotally attached to the outer wall 21 of the housing 5. On the cover 20 there is a valve made in the form of wedge protrusions 22 having the shape corresponding to the openings 23 on the wall 19. In addition, the wedge protrusions 22 have openings 24 mating with the openings 25 at the end of the plate 17. For adjusting the position of the valve, the cover 20 is provided with a handle 26 connected to the bolt 27 and the nut 28.

 The device operates as follows.

 Gas from the annular space through the windows 16, the chamber 15 for collecting gases and the plate 17 enters the combustion chamber 8. At the same time, air through the pipe 11, channel 9 and holes 12, heated by the anode casing 2 and the wall 6, enters the chamber 8. On the opposite side, into the chamber 8 through the channel 18, openings 24 and openings 25, channel 10 and openings 13 air, heated by the walls 19 and 7 also enters the chamber 8. Thus, air enters the chamber 8, heated both from the inside in the channel 9 and from the outside in the channel 10. The bulk of the heated air from the channel 9 falls into the lower zone of the combustion chamber, and from channel 10 to the top. This combination provides the most efficient heating and distribution of air throughout the volume of the combustion chamber, and, consequently, a more intense burning of anode gases.

 Regulation of the valve is as follows.

 When the handle 26 is turned in one direction, for example clockwise, the protrusions 22 close the openings 23 in the wall 19 and at the same time access is opened for air to pass through the openings 24 and 25 into the channel 10. And vice versa, when the handle 26 is turned in the opposite direction, the openings 23 open, and air access through openings 24 and 25 is reduced. The meaning of regulation is that through the holes 23 passes the minimum sufficient amount of air necessary for burning from dust and tarry holes in the plate 17. Too much air on one side not only burns dust and tarry, but also burns the plate 17. C on the other hand, the intensity of combustion of the anode gases decreases, since a larger amount of insufficiently heated air enters the chamber 8.

Claims (6)

 1. ALUMINUM ELECTROLYZER WITH A SELF-BURNING ANODE AND UPPER CURRENT SUPPLY, including an anode device, a bell gas collector in the form of sections mounted on an anode casing bracket, a device for burning anode gases, made in the form of a gas collecting chamber with a control chamber, a connection air supply, and the gas collection chamber and the combustion chamber are made flat, rectangular, separated by a perforated plate and installed along the section of the bell gas rnika on the longitudinal side of the electrolyzer, and the air supply system to the combustion chamber is made in the form of a channel for heating it, located between the wall of the anode casing and the combustion chamber, made with slots, pivotally mounted on it with a gap relative to the gas collection chamber, characterized in that, with In order to increase the efficiency of burning anode gases, the combustion chamber is made with an additional vertical wall forming a channel for heating air, with openings for air passage.  2. The electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the possibility of overgrowth of the perforated plate with resinous ones, the device is equipped with a valve made in the form of wedge protrusions mounted on the lid in return with holes on the wall of the gas collection chamber.  3. The cell according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the wedge protrusions are made with holes mating with holes on the perforated plate.  4. The cell according to claim 1, characterized in that each upper hole in the outer additional wall is larger than the lower.  5. The electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that each upper hole in the inner wall of the combustion chamber is smaller than the lower.  6. The cell according to paragraphs. 1,4 and 5, characterized in that for increasing the convenience of manufacturing holes for the passage of heated air into the combustion chamber on the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber are made in the same dimensions, but on the inner wall their number in each row from bottom to top is smaller and on the outer more than the previous one.

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