RU201765U1 - SOLID FUEL BOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of heating, namely to devices for heating water in a heating system by burning solid fuel. The technical result of the utility model is the possibility of creating a highly reliable efficient solid fuel boiler of long burning, which is achieved due to the fact that a solid fuel boiler of long burning, containing a double casing, the walls of which form a coolant container, a combustion chamber, a heat exchange chamber, a heat exchanger, fuel supply and ash discharge windows and slag, equipped with doors, a chimney, inlet and outlet nozzles, an air duct, a fan and a controller, characterized in that the heat exchanger is made vertical and contains at least a pair of vertical, mounted coaxially with each other and with a chimney, closed circuits, when this circuit is connected to each other and to the coolant tank of the boiler body by radial nozzles, and the diameter of the internal circuit is made larger than the diameter of the chimney, the volume of the internal circuit in the upper part is connected to the coolant tank, forming a common closed volume of the coolant, at the bottom and in the side walls ah of the boiler body, through holes isolated from the coolant tank are made, the aforementioned holes are interconnected by air ducts connected to the fan, a window for unloading ash and slag is made in the lower part of the combustion chamber, the chimney opening under the heat exchanger is closed with a valve. 7 p.p. f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of heating, namely to devices for heating water in a heating system by burning solid fuel [F24H 1/38].

From the prior art, a WATER FUEL BOILER WITH CONTINUOUS BURNING [UA89303 (U), publ .: 04/10/2014] is known, containing a body with a double wall and a cavity for filling with water, while at least one wall of the body is made with a thickness of at least 4 mm, combustion chamber, two air ducts with independent external openings with guides made with the possibility of manual control of the opening dimensions, while one air duct includes an air intake box connected to an intermediate volume for heating air, an air supply device with a removable air distributor, and others an air duct equipped with the ability to supply air to the lower fuel, connected to an intermediate volume for heating air with an opening with a slider for controlling the size of the opening or closing it, an electronic control unit, a fire protection grill.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the low reliability of the boiler, due to the presence of an air distributor in the combustion chamber, which has a short service life due to high temperatures in the solid fuel combustion zone.

Also known is a WATER-HEATED SOLID FUEL BOILER FOR LONG-BURNING [RU 183190 U1, publ .: 09/13/2018], containing a body made in the form of a vertically installed tank, in which a solid fuel combustion chamber is made above a water grate, a cavity for supplying the coolant and removing it to the consumer, a device for supplying air and distributing it in the combustion chamber - an air duct, a heat exchanger with an ash pan located under it, at least one gas duct is located in the combustion chamber, the outlet of which is brought out to the upper part of the combustion chamber, and a door for loading fuel, and in the lower part is located a firebox with a grate and additional air ducts, characterized in that the air duct and nozzles for air supply are located along the perimeter of the combustion chamber, while the air duct is located along the vertical side walls of the boiler body, and is connected by nozzles for supplying air to the combustion chamber, and the air inlet located under the grate, corner nozzles for supplying air to the combustion chamber, they are located at the corners of the combustion chamber and have a diameter of 12 mm, and the side nozzles are located in the side walls of the boiler and pass through the water jacket and have a diameter of 15 mm, and the blower space acts as a receiver, which equalizes the air pressure on the nozzles, flame tubes are located in the upper part of the combustion chamber, the heat exchanger is made in the form of vertically and horizontally installed tanks, under which an ash pan is located, equipped with an ash hatch, the heat exchanger is connected to the supply line of the pipe for supplying heated water to it and the return line of the pipe for removing heated water, which located in the side walls of the boiler, for returning the coolant to the boiler in two ways, while the coolant supply pipe to the system is made of a pipe with a diameter of 40 mm, and the return pipe from the heating system is 32 mm.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the low efficiency of fuel combustion in the specified boiler, due to the need to regulate the air supply to the fuel combustion zone manually.

The closest in technical essence is a SOLID FUEL BOILER FOR CONTINUOUS BURNING [RU 196392 U1, publ .: 02/27/2020], containing a body, a combustion chamber with a fuel supply window, a coolant tank, a chimney, a fan and a controller, characterized in that the boiler body contains inner and outer shells, forming along the contour and in the upper part of the boiler a coolant container connected to the heating system by inlet and outlet nozzles, inside the boiler contains heat exchange, combustion and ash chambers, the heat exchange chamber is connected to the coolant container and separated from the combustion chamber by heat exchange channels , the ash chamber in the lower part of the boiler is separated from the combustion chamber by hollow grates that communicate the coolant capacity in the front and rear parts of the boiler, the air supply opening with a fan mounted on a non-mounted fan is connected by a channel to the ash chamber, while the fan is equipped with a valve in the front part opposite each rectangular are made of the boiler chambers Openings equipped with doors, the fan is connected to the controller, a temperature sensor is connected to the controller input.

The main technical problem is the low reliability of the boiler, due to the presence of grates in the structure, the possibility of stratification of liquids at low flow rates of the coolant, due to the horizontal arrangement of heat exchangers, as well as the low power of the boiler, caused by the small volume of the combustion chamber to ensure complete and uniform combustion of the loaded fuel.

The task of the utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result of the utility model consists in the possibility of creating a highly reliable efficient solid fuel boiler for long burning.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a solid fuel boiler for long burning, containing a double casing, the walls of which form a coolant container, a combustion chamber, a heat exchange chamber, a heat exchanger, fuel supply and ash and slag discharge windows, equipped with doors, a chimney, inlet and outlet nozzles, air duct, fan and controller, characterized in that the heat exchanger is made vertical and contains at least a pair of vertical, coaxially mounted with each other and with the chimney, closed circuits, while the circuits are connected to each other and to the coolant capacity of the boiler body by radial nozzles, and the diameter of the inner contour is larger than the diameter of the chimney, the volume of the inner contour in the upper part is connected to the coolant tank, forming a common closed volume of the coolant, through holes isolated from the coolant tank are made at the bottom and in the side walls of the boiler body, the said holes are communicated to I wait for myself by air ducts connected to the fan, a window for unloading ash and slag is made in the lower part of the combustion chamber, the chimney opening under the heat exchanger is closed by a valve.

In particular, the heat exchanger circuits are cylindrical.

In particular, through holes in the side walls of the boiler body are provided with nozzles.

In particular, the fan is centrifugal.

In particular, the outside of the boiler is insulated with a heat-insulating coating.

In particular, a removable protective umbrella is installed in the hole in the bottom of the boiler.

In particular, a gate is mounted in the air duct under the hole at the bottom of the boiler.

In particular, the outlet is connected to a circulation pump.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a front view of a long burning solid fuel boiler.

Figure 2 shows a general view of a long-burning solid fuel boiler.

Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional front view of a long-burning solid fuel boiler.

Figure 4 shows a top view of the body of a solid fuel boiler for long burning.

Fig. 5 is a front view of a heat exchange cartridge.

6 is a top view of a heat exchange cartridge.

7 is a front view of the umbrella.

Figure 8 shows a bottom view of a solid fuel boiler of long burning with additional air ducts made along the side walls of the boiler.

Figure 9 shows a bottom view of a solid fuel boiler of long burning with additional air ducts made along the bottom of the boiler.

The figures indicate: 1 - housing, 2 - coolant capacity, 3 - heat exchange cartridge, 4 - external circuit, 5 - internal circuit, 6 - small disc, 7 - large disc, 8 - radial tubes, 9 - boiler chimney, 10 - gate valve, 11 - inlet pipe, 12 - outlet pipe, 13 - loading door, 14 - ash and slag removal door, 15 - locking devices, 16 - nozzles, 17 - umbrella, 18 - leg, 19 - skirt, 20 - air outlet openings, 21 - central air duct, 22 - centrifugal fan, 23 - additional air ducts, 24 - hatch, 25 - pressure relief valve, 26 - supports, 27 - exhaust pipe.

Implementation of the utility model.

Solid fuel boiler of long burning contains a cylindrical body 1 (see Fig. 1-4) with a double wall and a bottom, forming a container for the heat carrier 2. A heat exchange cartridge 3 (see Fig. 5-6) is mounted on top of the side walls of the boiler body 1 outer 4, formed by double side walls and a double bottom; and inner 5, formed only by double side walls, a cylindrical contour, while the inner contour 4 is mounted protruding above the outer contour 5. In the lower part, the inner contour 5 is muffled. In the upper part, a small disc 6 is mounted on the ends of the side walls of the outer contour 4, and a large disc 7 is mounted on the ends of the side walls of the inner contour 5. Small 6 and large 7 discs are connected by the outer sides with the inner and outer walls of the housing 1, forming a single closed volume with coolant capacity 2.

The outer 4 and inner 5 contours are interconnected by radial tubes 8.

In one embodiment, the tubes 8 in the aforementioned circuits 4 and 5 are mounted in their upper and lower parts, three in each of the planes radially with an offset of 120 °.

The outer loop 4 is connected to the coolant tank 2 by radial pipes 8 with an offset of 120 °.

In the small 6 and large 7 discs, holes are made with diameters corresponding to the inner diameter of the inner contour 5, forming the outlet of the boiler chimney 9, while in the upper part the chimney of the boiler 9 is made with a narrowing. The inlet of the chimney 9 is made at the bottom of the outer contour 4. The inlet of the chimney 9 is closed by a slide gate valve 10 with an opening in the center, the exhaust pipe 27 is mounted to the outlet of the chimney 9.

In the lower and upper parts of the boiler into the coolant tank 2 through the outer side wall of the housing 1 and the large disk 7 are mounted inlet 11 and outlet 12 nozzles, respectively.

On the front wall of the boiler body 1, rectangular technological holes are made, which open access to the upper and lower parts of the combustion chamber. The mentioned technological openings are equipped with a loading door 13 and a door for removing ash and slag 14. Doors 13-14 are made gas-tight and are sealed with a refractory sealing material. Doors 13-14 are equipped with hinge hinges (not shown in the figures) and handles with locking devices 15.

In the side walls of the body 1, nozzles 16 are mounted vertically from bottom to top, not higher than the boiler loading level, at least in one row, while at least three nozzles are made in a row. The nozzles 16 are made of metal tubes.

In the center at the bottom of the housing 1, there is a channel for supplying air to the combustion chamber, equipped with a removable umbrella 17 (see Fig. 7) with a leg 18, made of a cylindrical tube with the ability to protect the hole from the ingress of fuel and ash. A skirt 19 is made on the leg 18 with the ability to hold the umbrella 17 in the said channel at the bottom of the housing 1. The leg 18 has air outlet holes 20 along the perimeter.

A central air duct 21 is mounted to the air supply hole at the bottom of the housing 1 (see Fig. 8-9), the inlet of which is made at the side wall of the housing 1. A centrifugal fan 22 is mounted above the inlet of the central air duct 21.

The nozzles 16 with the central air duct 21 are connected at the bottom or along the side wall of the boiler body 1 by additional air ducts 23.

In the central air duct 22, an air supply adjustment hole is made, equipped with a hatch 24.

The centrifugal fan 22 is connected to the controller, to the information inputs of which a temperature sensor (not shown in the figures) is connected, mounted in the coolant tank 2 in the upper part of the boiler.

The controller is made with the possibility of adjusting the temperature of the coolant by changing in the automatic mode the air draft under the fuel combustion area created by the centrifugal fan 22.

The boiler is equipped with a circulation pump (not shown in the figures) and an overpressure relief valve 25. The circulation pump is mounted in the immediate vicinity of the outlet pipe 11 on a parallel line with the possibility of preventing the natural circulation of the coolant in the system when the circulation pump is powered off. The overpressure relief valve 25 is mounted in the coolant tank 2 in the upper part of the boiler. The circulation pump is connected to a backup power system made in the form of an inverter, an automatic charger and a battery (not shown in the figures).

The boiler is installed on supports 26.

A long-burning solid fuel boiler is used as follows.

Before starting to use, check the level of the coolant in the expansion tank (not shown in the figures). If necessary, add the coolant to the expansion tank and start firing up the boiler.

Through the ash and slag removal door 14, ash and slag formed from fuel combustion are removed and said door 14 is tightly closed. Through the loading door 13, solid fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber and ignited from above. Close the loading door tightly 13.

Turn on the controller and set the operating temperature of the coolant from 40 ° C to 80 ° C. After the appearance of draft from the controller, a centrifugal fan 22 is started. When the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the boiler decreases, the controller gives a signal to turn on the centrifugal fan 22. The air blown by the centrifugal fan 22 through the central 21 and additional 23 air ducts through the air supply channel at the bottom of the housing 1 and nozzles 16 are supplied to the combustion chamber of the boiler. Under the action of the forced air, the combustion process intensifies and the temperature of the coolant increases.

The burning fuel heats up the coolant circulating through the coolant tank 2 and the heat exchange cartridge 3.

The incandescent gas-air mixture formed from the combustion of fuel passes sequentially between the outer circuit 4 (shown by arrows in Fig. 3) of the heat exchange cartridge 3 and the inner wall of the boiler body 1, between the outer 4 and inner 5 circuits of the heat exchange cartridge 3 and exits through the boiler flue 9 along the internal circuit 5 heat exchange cartridge 3 warming up the coolant circulating in the upper part of the boiler and heat exchange cartridge 3.

The condensate formed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 27 is collected on the slide valve 10 in the lower part of the heat exchange cartridge 3, which is metered into the combustion chamber through an opening in the said valve 10.

When the set temperature of the coolant is reached, the controller turns off the centrifugal fan 22.

During the operation of the boiler, if necessary, change the set temperature, but not more than 10-15 ° C within 1 hour.

The coolant is supplied to the heating system from the coolant tank 2 by a circulation pump (not shown in the figures).

The heat exchange cartridge 3 is periodically cleaned from carbon deposits, for which, when the boiler is cold, the loading door 13 and the slide valve 10 are opened and carbon deposits are cleaned from the horizontal inner surface of the outer circuit 4 of the heat exchange cartridge 3.

The technical result - the possibility of creating a highly reliable effective solid fuel boiler of long burning is achieved by making the body 1 of the boiler in the form of a single closed container of the heat carrier 2 with the internal volume of the heat exchange cartridge 3 and making the heat exchange cartridge in the form of interconnected vertical outer 4 and inner 5 circuits, providing the greatest the area of contact of the coolant with the combustion chambers and heat exchange and increasing the efficiency of transfer of thermal energy from the combustion of fuel to the coolant. In addition, an increase in the efficiency of fuel combustion is achieved due to the speed-controlled centrifugal fan 22 and the opening of the hatch 24 for supplying air throughout the entire thickness of the fuel through the central 21 and additional 23 air ducts. In addition, the absence of grates in the structure and the communication of the cavity of the bottom of the boiler body 1 with the volume of the coolant 2 excludes the rapid burnout of the bottom and provides the possibility of increasing the service life of the boiler.

Since 2017, the author, in accordance with the description, has established the manufacture of long-burning solid fuel boilers of various capacities. The operation of boilers has shown that to maintain the temperature of the coolant in the outlet pipe 12 within 50 ° C, the temperature inside the combustion chamber in the upper layer of burning fuel in the boiler must be maintained within 360 ° C, instead of 500-600 ° C in similar solutions, which significantly increases the burning time of the loaded fuel, and the temperature of the smoke in the exhaust pipe is 27 37 ± 3 ° С. At such a temperature, condensation is inevitable in the exhaust pipe 27 in conventional boilers, leading to metal oxidation processes. However, due to the execution of the exhaust pipe 27 with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the internal loop 5 of the heat exchanger 3 due to the narrowing of the boiler flue 9 in its upper part, the condensate from the exhaust pipe 27 immediately enters the gate valve 10, from where, in turn, through the hole in the mentioned valve 10 in small drops enters the combustion chamber without affecting the combustion process. And due to the implementation of the heat exchange cartridge 3 vertical deposits on the walls of the circuits 4,5 are formed to a lesser extent, which in turn ensures the maintenance of the boiler efficiency unchanged for a long time.

Claims (8)

1. Solid fuel boiler for long burning, containing a double body, the walls of which form a coolant tank, a combustion chamber, a heat exchange chamber, a heat exchanger, windows for fuel supply and ash and slag discharge, equipped with doors, a chimney, inlet and outlet pipes, an air duct, a fan and a controller , characterized in that the heat exchanger is made vertical and contains at least a pair of vertical, coaxially mounted with each other and with the chimney, closed circuits, while the circuits are connected to each other and to the coolant capacity of the boiler body by radial pipes, and the diameter of the inner circuit is made is larger than the diameter of the chimney, the volume of the internal circuit in the upper part is connected to the coolant tank, forming a common closed volume of the coolant, through holes isolated from the coolant tank are made at the bottom and in the side walls of the boiler body, the aforementioned openings are interconnected by air ducts connected to the fan, a windowfor ash and slag unloading is made in the lower part of the combustion chamber, the chimney opening under the heat exchanger is closed with a valve. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger circuits are cylindrical. 3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the through holes in the side walls of the boiler body are equipped with nozzles. 4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan is centrifugal. 5. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the outside of the boiler is insulated with a heat-insulating coating. 6. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a removable protective umbrella is mounted on the inside of the hole in the bottom of the boiler. 7. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a gate is mounted in the air duct under the hole at the bottom of the boiler. 8. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet is connected to a circulation pump.

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