RU2017410C1 - Method of production of agriculture plant seeds of the first generation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: hybrid seeds of agriculture plants are prepared by specific pair selection for crossing and exposure with gametocidic compositions on mother plants. EFFECT: improved method of production. 3 cl, 7 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to breeding and industrial production of hybrids of the first generation of crops.

 A method of obtaining hybrid seeds consists in creating the starting material, ensuring the male sterility of the mother plant and subsequent pollination with pollen from the father plant.

Currently, there are a number of ways to ensure male sterility of maternal plants:
- if the anthers are very small, they can be removed by suction;
- since anthers are more sensitive to temperature than the stigmas of pistils, there are castration methods using hot and cold water;
- use of cytoplasmic male sterility;
- Genetic male sterility;
- functional male sterility;
- non-structural male sterility;
- male sterility induced by radiation;
- male sterility induced by x-rays;
- treatment of plants at a certain stage of their development with aqueous solutions of chemicals (gametocides);
- mechanical removal of anthers with tweezers.

 The most common way to obtain hybrid seeds is to obtain the original parental pairs for crossbreeding, mechanically removing the anthers of the mother form with tweezers, pollinating the pollen of the father form and then growing until fully ripe.

 Castration instruments must be clean and free of pollen. This can be achieved by immersing them in alcohol, calcining, etc.

 Flowers with anthers already opened, as well as with insufficiently mature ones that impede castration, should be rejected. All castrated flowers should be approximately at the same stage of development, then they can be pollinated at the same time.

 Castrated flowers are isolated to prevent accidental pollination. For this, cellophane insulators are widely used, but in all cases when overheating can lead to excessive moisture accumulation, a more porous material is desirable.

 Plants are labeled by recording the crossing pattern and castration date.

 Pollination is usually a simpler operation than castration. Pollen can be carried by exposing a mature anther above the stigma. In many cases, pollen can be transferred from a large number of anthers and transferred to stigmas using a camel hair brush or a small spatula made by flattening the tip of a dissecting needle. Open stigmas can be pollinated by shaking a flower with flowing pollen above it.

 Pollination is usually carried out the day after castration, but for different species, this interval may be different. External conditions strongly affect the time of castration and pollination.

 This method is quite time-consuming, requires the observance of many different conditions and highly skilled workers and cannot be applicable for the industrial production of seeds of first-generation hybrids.

 The aim of the invention is the creation of technology to solve the problem of industrial production of seeds of hybrids of the first generation, the cultivation of which will lead to an additional increase in crop yields due to the heterotic effect.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that when selecting the initial parental pairs certain conditions must be met, namely:
- the maternal form should have economically valuable traits;
- the paternal form must have high combining ability and pollen productivity.

 In addition, it should be noted that hybridization is carried out by treating mother plants with gametocidal compositions specific for various crops.

 The proposed method is as follows and is shown in the following examples.

 PRI me R 1. Obtaining seeds of hybrids of the first generation of winter diploid rye.

 The main element in the production of seeds of first-generation hybrids is the choice of parental forms that, as a result of crossing, provide the optimal combination of economically valuable properties in one genotype compared to zoned varieties, which sharply increases the requirements for evaluating the source material.

The known concept of the genetic study of varietal material, which includes:
- the creation of special work collections reflecting the spectrum of intraspecific phenotypic diversity according to individual characteristics;
- identification of genotypic differences between the best source samples;
- the study of genetic control of characters at the species level and the determination of the number of pairs of selection-valuable alleles;
- identification of breeding valuable alleles;
- the formation of identified genetic collections.

 The proposed scheme for the genetic study of the source material is the basis for a systematic search for donors of selection-valuable traits among the world variety of cultivated plants and (or) their experimental creation.

This extremely difficult task becomes quite solvable with the development of a multidimensional database, where each object is characterized by a certain combination of quantitative and qualitative features. The database is able to identify certain multidimensional characteristics that greatly simplify the assessment of the initial breeding material by processing the entire available amount of information using various statistical methods:
- analysis of variance;
- analysis of the main components;
- discriminant analysis;
- factorial analysis;
- multivariate analysis of variance;
- method of multidimensional scaling.

 Knowing the genotypes of the parental forms involved in the crossing and the features of gene interactions, it is possible to select parental pairs on a strictly scientific basis to obtain a hybrid with predetermined characters for a particular locality of its cultivation.

 The best pre-selected varieties or lines with a number of economically valuable traits that need to be passed to hybrids are taken as maternal forms for the hybridization site.

 At each cultivar or line, gametocidal activity of known preparations is evaluated to determine specific characteristics and to correct the optimal period of plant treatment and concentration of preparations. Table 1 presents the results of a variance analysis of the preliminary test of the ETOGAM, GRAMIGAM and PROGAM preparations on the Chulpan variety, various indicators such as plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per ear, number of fertile spikelets and the number of grains in an ear, depending on what stage the treatment of plants, the concentration of drugs, the effect of isolation and their interaction.

 On the basis of testing crosses or literary information, the paternal form with the highest combining ability and the highest pollen productivity is chosen. This makes it possible to reduce the width of the paternal form and increase the width of the mother, which ultimately leads to an increase in the yield of hybrid seeds from the hybridization site. High pollen productivity is a genetically inherited trait, but its manifestation largely depends on temperature and air humidity during flowering and the previous period. Therefore, the choice of the paternal form is a very important stage in the implementation of this method.

 Preference should be given to that variety or line, which, all other things being equal, has a high and stable pollen productivity, capable of providing the highest possible percentage of mating hybrid seeds of the mother form under any climatic conditions. As a result, the following varieties were selected for the hybridization site as maternal forms: Chulpan, Voskhod-2, Talovskaya-12 and Kharkovskaya-78, and Saratov-5 as the paternal form.

 Parental forms are sown in alternating strips in different proportions depending on the biological characteristics of the parental forms and climatic conditions. The bands are located across the winds prevailing during the flowering period to ensure the natural transfer of pollen from the paternal form to the stigmas of the mother-plant pestles.

 The correct selection of parental pairs for the hybridization site was evaluated by treating the maternal forms with the gametocides GRAMIGAM, HAMETAN, MOLEN, and PROGAM (Table 2).

 A dispersed analysis of the number of grains in isolated and freely pollinated ears revealed significant differences between maternal forms in response to pollen sterilants, as well as between preparations, but only in uninsulated ears. In isolated ears there were no statistically significant differences in the preparations.

 The most effective and closest to the ideal gametocide (100% male sterility and 100% free-pollination freezing) were MOLEN preparations on Chulpan and Kharkivskaya-78 varieties and PROGAM on Voskhod-2 cultivar. The least effective drugs are GRAMIGAM on the Voskhod-2 variety and all four on Talovskaya-12. It should be noted that the sterilizer MOLEN, providing almost complete male sterility in the maternal variety Chulpan, also stimulated an increase in the setting of free-pollinated ears by 6.2% compared to the control.

 The average yield of F1 hybrids is 347.11 g, and of parents - 259.5 g (heterosis 33.76%) (Table 3).

 Processing of the obtained data by the method of analysis of variance showed the presence of significant differences both between hybrid combinations and F1 hybrids within the combinations. No hybrid-drug interactions detected.

 Differences between hybrid combinations are determined by differences only between Chulpan x Saratovskaya-5 and Voskhod-2 x Saratovskaya-5 for hybrids obtained using the drug HAMETAN.

 In the future, for ease of presentation, the name of the hybrid will correspond to the code of the drug with which it was obtained.

 Inside the combinations, the best is the F1 MOLEN hybrid, except for the Kharkivskaya-78 x Saratovskaya-5 combination, where no statistically significant differences in hybrids were found.

 Of the 16 F1 hybrids, in 12 the degree of dominance was in the range of 1.5 - 34.1, and the heterosis value was from 8.1 to 63.04%. Four hybrids - one in a combination of Chulpan x Saratovskaya-5 (F1 "GAMETAN") and three in a combination of Talovskaya-12 x Saratov-5 (F1 "GRAMIGAM", "GAMETAN" and "PROGAM"), although they gave a decrease in yield, but in terms of dominance, they all deviated toward the best parent, in this case the maternal variety.

 In order to introduce the parental varieties and standard in the assessment of the productivity of F1 hybrids, the deviation of these hybrids from the paternal, maternal, standard, and average for these varieties was calculated.

 Analysis of variance did not reveal significant differences between these deviations, but confirmed the significance of differences in combinations and their hybrids, while establishing the interaction between them.

 Hybrids F1 in combinations Kharkiv-78 x Saratov-5 and Voskhod-2 x Saratvos-5 significantly exceed the best parent variety. In the combination Chulpan x Saratovskaya-5, only three hybrids were statistically significantly higher than the mother variety, more productive than the pollinator Saratovskaya-5. The productivity of the F1 "HAMETAN" hybrid was within the NDS of 0.5, and it was the only one that did not give a significant excess in any comparison point. In a combination of Talovskaya-12 x Saratovskaya-5, yield deviations for all four hybrids were within the experimental error for the best parent — the maternal variety. For the rest of the comparison points, the excess in yield was significant.

 Five hybrids stood out in terms of total combining ability: four with average effects of ACS, and F1 MOLEN (Chulpan x Saratovskaya-5) with high. Of these, two in combination are Voskhod-2 x Saratovskaya-5 (F1 "MOLEN" and "GRAMIGAM"). F1 hybrids obtained using the MOLEN preparation provided medium and high ACS effects in three combinations, except Kharkovskaya-78 x Saratovskaya-5, where F1 PROGAM stood out. And F1 "HAMETAN" in all combinations gave very low ACS. But the effects of SCS in all hybrids in all combinations were very high.

 The average yield of second-generation hybrids was 387.66 g per plot and 412.6 g of parents (Table 4). As a result of statistical data processing, no significant differences in hybrid combinations were revealed. But between hybrids within two combinations they are. Hybrid F2 "GRAMIGAM" significantly exceeded the productivity of all hybrids in combination Chulpan x Saratov-5. And in combination Kharkov-78 x Saratov-5 - F2 "PROGAM", but only for two hybrids F2 "GRAMIGAM" and F2 "GAMETAN". With the F2 "LGG-51" hybrid, the excess was within the experimental error.

 In the second generation, only these two hybrids F2 "GRAMIGAM" (Chulpan x Saratov-5) and F2 "PROGAM" (Kharkov-78 x Saratov-5) were heterotic, the degree of dominance of 5.25 and 4.5 for heterosis, respectively 5, 94% and 2.57%. Five hybrids deviated towards the less productive parent (3 in the combination Talovskaya-12 x Saratovskaya-5 and 2 in the combination Voskhod-2 x Saratovskaya-5). The remaining seven hybrids were severely depressed. Hybrid F2 "GRAMIGAM" is the only one having high ACS. Five more had average values, and all others with very low effects of ACS, as well as all hybrids in specific combining ability.

 Joint processing of data on the productivity of hybrids of the first and second generation revealed the significance of differences between generations and hybrids within the combinations. For hybrid combinations, the differences were not significant.

 Almost the same thing happened with the parent varieties: the difference is significant over the years, but not between the varieties.

 The seedlings of the F1 and F2 hybrids were strong and friendly, and in terms of the passage of phenological phases, the hybrids gravitated to the mother varieties with a delay of 1 day.

 Gametocides after penetration into the plant organism disrupt the normal course of development of the male generative sphere, affecting the female to some extent, which sharply increases the requirements for pollination conditions.

 Unfavorable weather conditions during the period of mass flowering of winter rye made significant difficulties in the process of setting seed hybrid seeds. On average, the drop in the mating varieties in the maternal varieties at the hybridization site ranged from 8% at Voskhod-2 to 21.7% at Talovskaya-12. A major role in this is played by the drug-genotype interaction, since even for the same drugs the amplitude of the fluctuations can be different: from 3.5% (Voskhod-2) to 59.3% (Talovskaya-12).

 The PROGAM drug on the Kharkivskaya-78 cultivar (up to 40.3%) gave the greatest decrease in seedlings, while the MOLEN drug on the Chulpan cultivar increased the seed set of hybrid seeds by 6.2%. At the same time, the period “beginning of heading - full bloom” in varieties treated with gametocides increased by 1-3 days. By the phase of full ripeness, this gap narrowed and maturation occurred almost simultaneously with the control plants.

 A characteristic feature of the MOLEN preparation is a stable and high gametocidal activity. On 3 of the 4 maternal varieties, he gave excellent results, except for Talovskaya-12, where the level of sterility did not rise above 83.4% with a normal level of binding. The rest of the preparations on this grade did not provide either one or the other.

 The MOLEN preparations on Chulpan, Kharkovskaya-78 and Voskhod-2 and PROGAM on Voskhde-2 have the complex of necessary properties for successful hybridization. It is in this case that the maximum yield of hybrid seeds is ensured and, therefore, the highest level of heterosis. But, as the study of the yield of the first hybrid generation showed, this assumption regarding heterosis is not always true.

 So, the GRAMIGAM preparation on the Voskhod-2 variety induced 78.7% sterility with 91.3% of tying. The productivity of the F1 GRAMIGAM hybrid was 157.06% to the best of the parents (Chulpan cultivar). At the same time, the HAMETAN preparation on the Chulpan cultivar gave almost complete sterility (99.8%) and a fairly high level of tying (89.6%). However, the yield of the F1 "HAMETAN" hybrid was 4.23% lower than the yield of the father's Chulpan variety, though this decrease was within the confidence interval of the best parent. And the low sterility of the treated plants of the Talovskaya-12 variety led to the fact that the yield of hybrids varied within the NDS 05 to the mother variety.

 All hybrids of the first generation by weight of grain from the plot deviated towards a more productive parent, and hybrids of the second generation - less productive. In both cases, to the maternal variety.

 In general, the first generation hybrids are characterized by a sharp increase in productivity and only in some cases deviation from a more productive parent, and by the second generation hybrids are depression and a tendency towards a less productive parent.

 The exception is 2 hybrids: GRAMIGAM (Chulpan x Saratov-5) and PROGAM (Kharkiv-78 x Saratov-5). In the second generation, they retained heterosis, which provides the basis for their use in breeding on the productivity of winter rye using these varieties. The remaining preparations are preferably used for the commercial production of only first-generation hybrids.

 It should be noted that the vegetation of F1 hybrids took place in very adverse weather conditions: in spring, at elevated air temperatures, precipitation fell almost twice the norm, and the summer was cold and rainy. Whereas F2 hybrids developed under conditions close to optimal. As a result, the average yield of F2 hybrids was 10.53% higher than the first generation. While the yield of parental varieties increased by an average of 59%, i.e. more than 5 times compared with hybrids. This indicates a greater environmental sustainability of hybrids, which is of no small importance for our country, where 3 out of 5 years are unfavorable for cultivating crops.

 Thus, each maternal variety at the hybridization site is characterized by its own specific responsiveness to gametocidal preparations.

 The dominant factor to achieve the highest level of heterosis in the F1 hybrid is the maternal genotype, and not the drug with which it was obtained, especially since there are no relationships between the maximum levels of male sterility, the binding of hybrid grains and the heterosis of first-generation hybrids.

 Hybrids of the first generation of winter diploid rye obtained by chemical hybridization provide a more stable crop depending on weather conditions than the original parent varieties.

 In the table. 5 presents the data of a competitive test of 2 hybrids of the first generation of winter diploid rye Talovskaya-12 x Saratov-5 and Kharkov-78 x Saratov-5. The variety Saratovskaya-5, which in these hybrids was the paternal variety, was accepted as a standard at the Krasnokutsk state variety plot.

 The black steam yield of these hybrids was 32.3 c / ha, which is 9.5% higher than the standard yield. The height of the stem at the hybrid Talovskaya-12 x Saratov-5 is 26 cm (118 cm), and for the hybrid Kharkov-78 x Saratov-5 is 29 cm (115 cm) lower than Saratov-5 (144 cm). The mass of 1000 grains in the hybrid Talovskaya-12 x Saratovskaya-5 was 25.7 g, in the hybrid Kharkovskaya-78 x Saratovskaya-5 - 25.2 g, which, respectively, is 18.0% and 16.6% more than the standard variety (21.8 g). Resistance to lodging in hybrids was at the level of 4 points (for standard 5), resistance to shedding and winter hardiness at 5 points (at the level of the standard), but resistance to drought in the standard was 4 points, while for hybrids it was one point higher.

 In both hybrids, the period from seedlings to wax ripeness increased by 2 days. Damage to ergot, brown and stem rust was not found in both hybrids and Saratov-5.

So, in comparison with the standard variety Saratov-5 hybrids of the first generation of winter rye Talovskaya-12 x Saratov-5 and Kharkov-78 x Saratov-5 had the following advantages:
- increase in productivity by 9.5%;
- a decrease in the height of the stalk by 26 and 29 cm;
- increase in the mass of 1000 grains by 18.0 and 15.6%;
- increased resistance to drought.

 PRI me R 2. Sunflower. The selection of pairs was carried out analogously to example 1. As a result, the following lines were selected: VK-64, VK-119, VK-268, VK-364, VK-373 and VK-483 as maternal forms, and the VK-66 line as paternal forms.

 The evaluation of the correct selection of pairs to obtain F1 hybrids was carried out by treating the plants of the mother form with gametocidal compositions (preparations).

 Plants in the star phase were treated with gametocidal compositions using a hand sprayer. The fluid flow rate per plant is 10-12 ml. Processing once and twice, with an interval of 4-5 days, freshly prepared solution. 30-60 plants were treated with each preparation. All plants were divided into two pollination options - 15 or 30 plants were pollinated under insulators with a mixture of pollen from treated plants, the rest bloomed freely. For normal and sufficient pollination of free-flowering plants, 5-10 untreated plants were left in each row. We studied the biology and morphology of flowering plants, the pollen viability. As the baskets fade, the degree of their deformation was determined, the diameter of the baskets, the height of the plants were measured, the seediness of seeds was taken into account for different pollination options, absolute weight, oil content.

 Gametocide GAMETAN practically causes complete male sterility on all taken lines. In all cases, with the exception of VK-64 and VK-268 lines (Tables 6 and 8), the treated plants are less stunted. On the VK-64, -373, -268 lines (Tables 6, 10, 8), the baskets are small, with varying degrees of deformation, on the VK-483 line (Table 11), this drug exhibits a stimulating effect, the baskets grow larger, and on the VK-119 and VK-364 lines (Tables 7 and 9), no noticeable effect of this gametocide on the shape and size of the basket was noted.

 In the first days after treatment on the VK-373 and VK-119 lines, burns of the upper leaves are noticeable, in other cases only deformation of two or three upper leaves is noted. In general, flowering and ripening of plants takes place a week later. When plants are pollinated under the insulators, achenes are not tied, however, the visual and cytological picture of male sterility is different in different lines.

 On the VK-64, -268, and -364 lines, anther suppression is noticeable, they come out completely, but are light and dust very weak, which indicates low pollen productivity, no noticeable changes from sperm are observed. In other cases, a lot of pollen is produced and apparently sterile plants are no different from fertile ones.

 Free flowering of seeds, absolute seed weight and oil content remain at the control level. When treated with MOLEN (0.5%), lower-growing plants are noted on the VK-373 and VK-119 lines (Tables 10 and 7), there are no burns and deformation of the leaves. Small baskets are characteristic for VK-373, -268, and -119 lines (Tables 10, 8, and 7). On the VK-483 line, a stimulating effect is also manifested, the baskets are larger (Table 11). If we judge the degree of male sterility by tying the seeds under the isolators, then in all cases we have complete sterility with high female fertility, however, as in the previous case, the external manifestations of sterility and the results of cytoanalysis are different.

 The VK-64 and -373 lines are distinguished by the fact that plants dust very weakly, pollen viability is low, sperm in most underdeveloped or pollen grains remain at the three-cell stage. On the VK-364 and -483 lines, the MOLEN drug, for the first time in practice, induced male sterility similar to cytoplasmic, anthers are underdeveloped, do not leave the corolla of the flower, sterile. On the part of the female sphere, there are no noticeable deviations, the mass of 1000 achenes, free flowering and oiliness at the control level or slightly lower.

 The PROGAM preparation (2%) on the part of plant morphology does not cause any negative reactions (burns, deformation of baskets, proliferation of the receptacle parenchyma). On the VK-373 and -119 lines, the plants are shorter, with small baskets (Tables 10 and 7). Tying and oil content of achenes at the control level. The VK-268 and -483 lines are of practical interest. Gametocide PROGAM on these lines causes male sterility of the CMS type.

 The gametocide ETOGAM on all tested lines gives a high pollen sterilization effect. Negative reactions include plant growth inhibition, small baskets (VK-373, -364, -119 lines), and deformation of baskets (Tables 10, 9, 7). On the VK-483 and -64 lines at a gametocide concentration of 0.5%, CMS type sterility was obtained (Tables 11 and 6). With all treatment options, the seeds under the insulators are not tied.

 After treatment with GRAMIGAM (1%), the plants were inhibited, formed small baskets, especially on the VK-373 line (Table 10). The pollen productivity of anthers is high, but due to the low viability of pollen (underdevelopment, degenerating sperm), seeds are not tied together when pollinating plants. On the VK-119 line (Table 7), this gametocide does not give 100% male sterility, does not cause noticeable changes in the sperm morphology, pollen viability is 60-70%, but the seeds under the insulators are not tied.

 The ANOGAM preparation on the VK-373, -64, -119 lines (Tables 10, 6, 7) gives a good effect, but the inflorescences do not differ in appearance, the anthers come out completely, dust very much, and the pollen grains have a high fertility. Only on the VK-64 line can degeneration of individual sperm be observed. The gametocidal effect on all lines is very high, when analyzing baskets pollinated with a mixture of pollen from treated plants, seeds were not found.

 Table 9 presents the test results of various gametocides on the VK-373 line. The number of plants with male sterility ranges from 10 to 90%, all of them are suppressed in growth, form small baskets, with the exception of WL 84811, which causes only 10% of male sterility. Gametocides GAMEROL, IBH-2K, AGG-90, A-31, BYu-12 can be considered the most promising.

 Thus, the VK-373 and VK-119 lines are tall, with a shallow sloping basket, respond poorly to most gametocides. As a result of processing, the plants are depressed, the baskets are deformed, more affected by diseases, and ripen for a long time. The analysis showed that in most cases, on the 3-4th day after the beginning of flowering, pollen is not drawn into the corolla of the flower and only a single germination of pollen grains is observed, which cannot ensure normal fertilization and development of a viable embryo. In general, gametocides do not have a negative effect on the growth and development of sunflower plants, however, when they are processed at stage V of organogenesis.

 Sterilization of pollen when inducing male sterility with gametocides is not associated with the reduction or death of anthers, impaired meiosis, but is a consequence of gamete degeneration at different stages of their development. The exceptions are the PROGAM, RALEN, ANOGAM preparations, which cause sterilization of 2-, 3-cell grains and the formation of pollen of different quality. Despite the genetic diversity of varietal material, the gametocides studied induce stable male sterility within the same concentration.

 These chemical compounds do not cause special changes on the part of the female gametophyte. When pollinating treated plants with a sufficient amount of normal pollen, in eighty cases out of a hundred, normal growth of pollen tubes and the process of fertilization are observed.

 The most promising gametocides for sunflower are PROGAM, RALEN, TV-VT-9, MOLEN, AGG-59, -87, DEF, GRAMIGAM, IBH-2K, GAMETAN.

 Along with the high level of male sterility induced by these drugs, female fertility is maintained, indicators of the weight of 1000 seeds, oil content and germination are close to control.

 PROGAM is effective on sunflower at 2% concentration; it is applied to plants in the form of an aqueous emulsion in the early morning or evening hours at stage VI of organogenesis. At the same time, the number of normal plants reaches 100% and, along with male sterility, a high seed setting during free flowering is maintained.

 MOLEN is applied to plants in the form of an aqueous solution, the concentration of the drug is 0.05%, at stages V and VI of organogenesis.

 GRAMIGAM and DEF induce a high level of male sterility at 1% concentration, they process plants in the form of an aqueous emulsion at the VI stage of organogenesis.

 As a result of the research, a hybrid of sunflower ML-552 was obtained, which was tested in a number of research institutions and at the state crop sections of Rostov, Volgograd and Voronezh regions. As observers noted, hybrid plants were characterized by uniformity and a fairly high yield.

 In the conditions of the Rostov and Volgograd regions, this hybrid provided yield at the level of standard varieties, surpassing the Soldor 220 hybrid in yield and oil collection.

 In the conditions of the Voronezh region, a statistically significant increase was obtained both for the zoned cultivar Voronezhsky 436 (seeds 4.9 kg / ha, oil 145 kg / ha), and in comparison with the hybrid Soldor 220, the increase in yield of seeds - 3.1 kg / ha , oil collection - 307 kg / ha.

 PRI me R 3. Wheat. The selection of pairs was carried out analogously to example 1.

 The effectiveness and versatility of the use of gametocides to assess the correct selection of parental pairs is presented in table 12.

In the table. 13, 14, comparative data on the yield from the plot (S = 4.8 m ² ) and heterosis levels of hybrids of the first, second, third and fourth generations of winter wheat from crossing of parental forms selected by this method (maternal form Polukarlik-3, paternal - PPG-347). Hybridization was carried out using the drug GRAMIGAM. The data indicate a successful selection of parental forms; heterosis in grain yield from a plot was manifested not only in the hybrid of the first, but also of the second and third generations. Only in the fourth generation did the hybrid take an intermediate position, dodging towards a more productive parent.

 Table 15 presents the results of the spike analysis of the F3 hybrid and winter wheat varieties (the variety is the Mironovskaya-808 standard and the best of the parents is the paternal form of PPG-347). This year was extremely unfavorable for winter wheat due to climatic conditions.

 PRI me R 4. Millet. The selection of pairs was carried out analogously to example 1.

 The effectiveness and versatility of the use of gametocides to assess the correct selection of parental pairs is presented in table.16.

 PRI me R 5. Corn. The selection of pairs was carried out analogously to example 1. The effectiveness and versatility of the use of gametocides to assess the correct selection of parental pairs is presented in table 17.

 Thus, using this method, namely the correct selection of parental pairs with the use of gametocides, it is possible to obtain seeds of hybrids of the first generation of agricultural crops, which are characterized by increased productivity and quality on an industrial scale in real agricultural production conditions.

Claims (3)

 1. METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYBRID SEEDS OF FIRST GENERATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS, including obtaining starting material, hybridization and growing of hybrid plants, characterized in that the starting material is obtained by selecting parental pairs in which the maternal form has economically valuable traits, the fatherly and high combination method pollen productivity, and hybridization is carried out by treating the plants of the mother form with gametocidal compositions.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment of plants of the mother form is carried out with gametocidal compositions specific for a given crop.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment of the plants of the mother form is carried out with gametocidal compositions comprising the active substance, surfactant, emulsifier, additives and water.

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