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RU2016138792A - Паровой риформинг - Google Patents

Паровой риформинг Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2016138792A
RU2016138792A RU2016138792A RU2016138792A RU2016138792A RU 2016138792 A RU2016138792 A RU 2016138792A RU 2016138792 A RU2016138792 A RU 2016138792A RU 2016138792 A RU2016138792 A RU 2016138792A RU 2016138792 A RU2016138792 A RU 2016138792A
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Prior art keywords
steam reforming
catalyst
tubes
steam
structured
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RU2016138792A
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English (en)
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RU2016138792A3 (ru
RU2673527C2 (ru
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Кеннет ХЛАПИК
Питер Уилльям Фарнелл
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Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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Publication of RU2016138792A3 publication Critical patent/RU2016138792A3/ru
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Publication of RU2673527C2 publication Critical patent/RU2673527C2/ru

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    • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • B01J19/1812—Tubular reactors
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Claims (25)

1. Прибор для парового риформинга углеводородов, содержащий паровой риформер, содержащий множество нагреваемых снаружи вертикальных трубок, причем каждая трубка имеет впуск для подачи газовой смеси, содержащей углеводород и пар, и выпуск для газовой смеси, подвергнутой риформингу, причем трубки содержат зернистый катализатор парового риформинга, смежный выпуску, и структурированный катализатор парового риформинга, смежный впуску.
2. Прибор по п. 1, содержащий паровой риформер, имеющий впуск для газовой смеси, содержащей углеводород и пар, выпуск для газовой смеси, подвергнутой риформингу, и множество вертикальных трубок, сообщающихся с впуском, через который можно пропускать газовую смесь, и к которому тепло передают посредством горячего газа, текущего вокруг трубок в теплообменной зоне, причем трубки содержат зернистый катализатор парового риформинга в теплообменной зоне, смежной выпуску, и структурированный катализатор парового риформинга в теплообменной зоне, смежной впуску.
3. Прибор по п. 1, в котором паровой риформер представляет собой паровой риформер с верхним обогревом или паровой риформер с боковым обогревом, в которой горячий газ обеспечивают за счет сжигания топливного газа, с использованием множества горелок, расположенных на верхнем конце, либо вдоль длины трубок.
4. Прибор по п. 1, в котором паровой риформер представляет собой риформер с газовым подогревом (gas-heated reformer, GHR), в который горячий газ обеспечивают за счет топочного газа, поступающего от процесса сгорания, или представляет собой газ, генерируемый путем каталитического или некаталитического частичного окисления углеводорода, или путем автотермического риформинга углеводорода, и/или газовую смесь, подвергнутую риформингу.
5. Прибор по п. 4, в котором горячий газ может быть смешан с газом, подвергнутым риформингу, который прошел через множество трубок.
6. Прибор по п. 1, в котором зернистый катализатор парового риформинга образован из огнеупорного материала подложки, пропитанного никелем, благородным металлом, или их смесями.
7. Прибор по п. 1, в котором зернистый катализатор парового риформинга содержит цилиндрические пеллеты с одним или более сквозными отверстиями, с диаметром в диапазоне 3-50 мм и соотношением длина/диаметр в диапазоне 0,5-2,0.
8. Прибор по п.1, в котором структурированный катализатор парового риформинга представляет собой катализатор парового риформинга, нанесенный на структуру.
9. Прибор по п. 8, в котором структурированный катализатор парового риформинга содержит металлические или керамические формованные блоки, на которые путем протравной грунтовки нанесен слой катализатора парового риформинга.
10. Прибор по п. 8, в котором структурированный катализатор присутствует в форме одного или более цилиндрических блоков с диаметром, сопряженным с трубками, в которые они помещены, которые содержат перфорации и/или сфальцованные вклейки и/или петли, которые заставляют технологическую текучую среду течь как в аксиальном, так и в радиальном направлении, когда она течет через блоки.
11. Прибор по п. 1, в котором структурированный катализатор парового риформинга представляет собой катализатор парового риформинга, содержащийся в структуре.
12. Прибор по п. 11, в котором структура, в которой содержится катализатор парового риформинга, содержит дискретные контейнеры, чашечки или баки с катализатором, которые включают в себя проходы, через которые технологическая текучая среда может проходить в упорядоченных, не случайных направлениях.
13. Прибор по п. 11, в котором структурированный катализатор присутствует в форме цилиндрических блоков с диаметром, сопряженным с трубками, в которые они помещены, которые включают в себя перфорации и/или трубки и/или направляющие устройства и/или ребра, которые заставляют технологическую текучую среду протекать как в аксиальном, так и в радиальном направлении, по мере протекания через блоки.
14. Прибор по п. 11, в котором катализатор, содержащийся в структуре, присутствует в форме частиц катализатора, катализируемых металлических или керамических пен или катализируемых металлических или керамических сотовидных структур.
15. Прибор по п. 8, в котором катализатор парового риформинга содержит никель, или благородный металл или их смесь на огнеупорном оксиде.
16. Прибор по п. 10, в котором цилиндрические блоки сконфигурированы для штабелирования таким образом, чтобы они были свободно стоящими внутри трубок.
17. Прибор по п. 1, в котором структурированный катализатор нанесен на промежуточное опорное устройство, которое устанавливается поверх зернистого катализатора.
18. Прибор по п.1, в котором структурированный катализатор выполнен с возможностью свободно спускаться по трубке.
19. Прибор по п. 1, в котором отношение структурированных катализаторов к зернистым катализаторам находится в диапазоне 1:9-9:1.
20. Прибор по п. 13, в котором цилиндрические блоки сконфигурированы для штабелирования таким образом, чтобы они были свободно стоящими внутри трубок.
21. Прибор по п. 1, в котором отношение структурированных катализаторов к зернистым катализаторам находится в диапазоне 1:3-2:1.
22. Способ для парового риформинга углеводородов, содержащий этапы (i) пропускания сырьевой газовой смеси, содержащей углеводород и пар, через множество нагреваемых снаружи вертикальных трубок, расположенных в паровом риформере, и (ii) извлечения газовой смеси, подвергнутой риформингу, из трубок, причем каждая трубка имеет впуск для сырьевой газовой смеси, выпуск для газовой смеси, подвергнутой риформингу, и трубки содержат зернистый катализатор парового риформинга, прилегающий к выпуску, и структурированный катализатор парового риформинга, прилегающий к впуску, вследствие чего сырьевая газовая смесь приходит в контакт со структурированным катализатором парового риформинга, а затем с зернистым катализатором парового риформинга.
23. Способ по п. 22, в котором модифицированный по плотности впускной массовый расход смеси, подаваемой на трубки, содержащие катализатор, находится в диапазоне 5-30 кг/м2с.
24. Применение прибора по любому из пп. 1-21 в способе синтеза водорода, метанола, диметилового эфира, олефинов, аммиака, мочевины или жидких углеводородов.
25. Применение способа по п. 22 или 23, в способе синтеза водорода, метанола, диметилового эфира, олефинов, аммиака, мочевины или жидких углеводородов.
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