RU2006115336A - METHOD FOR HYDROCLASSIFICATION OF POLYDISPERSION GRANULAR MATERIALS, DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR HYDROCLASSIFICATION OF POLYDISPERSION GRANULAR MATERIALS - Google Patents

Claims (21)

1. The method of hydroclassification of polydisperse granular materials, characterized in that the separation of the source material in the form of a slurry is carried out in a vertical hydroclassifier containing a cylindrical receiving and separating and conical classification chamber, by supplying the hydraulic mixture from top to bottom in the receiving and separating chamber, creating a classification chamber in the lower part "Fluidized" layer, consisting of particles of the largest size of the allocated fraction, and maintaining the speed of their soaring with a stream of clean water, is supplied from the bottom up through the laminarization unit installed at the outlet of the classification chamber, with periodic deposition and withdrawal from the classification chamber, of particles forming a “fluidized bed” through the said laminarization unit, due to an abrupt decrease in the specified velocity regime of pure water flow in the local zone, in the form of a channel formed during a pulse breakthrough of a “fluidized” layer by a column of water, with an oscillatory process of self-equalization of the flow rate of water around this column of liquid and the withdrawal of small uptake of water from the reception and separation chamber. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size distribution and particle density of the source material are determined by laboratory, the source material is conventionally divided into several fractions according to the particle size distribution with the determination of the boundary particle size in each fraction, taking into account the uniformity coefficient so that in each fraction, the largest particle was equal to the smallest particle of the next fraction, and the speed of the largest particle emitted by the fraction was calculated. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the calculation of the hydraulic parameters of the classification process in the hydroclassifier is based on the conditions of the soaring speed V _{vit of the} largest particles of a given fraction according to conditional division in accordance with the guest particle size range, and the value of V _{vit is} calculated by the Todes formula for calculating the speed of a single particle

where d is the diameter of the largest particle; μ is the dynamic viscosity of the working fluid (for water at t = 10 ° C it is 1305 · 10 ^-6 n / s / m ² ); Ar - Archimedes criterion, calculated by the formula

where q is the gravitational constant (9.81 m / s ² ); ρ _East - the density of the grain material, kg / m ³ ; ρ _cf - the density of the medium in which the grain material is located, kg / m ³ . 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting material is mixed with water in the ratio T: W = (1: 7) ÷ (1:12). 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the upward flow of pure water supplied from the laminarization unit to each hydroclassifier is disintegrated by a jet straightener. 6. Hydroclassifier for the classification of polydisperse granular materials, including a housing with a cylindrical receiving-separating and conical classification chambers, an input pipe of the input hydraulic mixture, passing inside the body into a diffuser, a pipe for introducing a working fluid (water) and a pipe for outputting coarse and fine fractions, characterized in that the hydroclassifier is equipped with a unit for laminating the flow of the working fluid, which is a design in the form of a conditional tee, consisting of a receiver tank, into which 1/4 e the height along the central vertical axis omitted the first part of the tee - a vertical cylindrical nozzle combined with an outlet nozzle for withdrawing a large fraction from the classification chamber, the second part of the tee - an inlet nozzle with a jet straightener installed at 2/3 of the receiver's tank height, and the third part of the tee is an outlet a nozzle mounted diametrically to the straightener at 1/3 of the height of the receiver reservoir, the diffuser is fenced from the outside by 2/3 of its height with a cylindrical wall that is connected to izhnim end annular plate of the diffuser, and the top are interconnected by a cover in the form of a truncated cone with a conicity of not less than 60 °. 7. The hydroclassifier according to claim 6, characterized in that the diffuser has a taper angle of 8-12 ° and a height equal to 0.8 of the height of the cylindrical part of the hydroclassifier. 8. The hydroclassifier according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the lower end of the bell of the diffuser and the cylinder is F _raster : F _cyl = 1: 2.1 ÷ 2.2, the ratio of the height of the diffuser and the cylindrical wall is H _raster : N _cyl = 1.6 ÷ 1.7: 1, and the ratio of the height of the cylindrical and conical parts of the hydroclassifier N _c : N _k = 1.35: 1. 9. The hydroclassifier according to claim 6, characterized in that the straightener is a nozzle with radial plates located inside, dividing the cross-sectional area of the nozzle into 4-8 equal sectors. 10. Installation for hydroclassification of polydisperse granular materials, containing a cascade of three classification modules, hydraulically interconnected, each of which includes a receiving and separation unit and two hydroclassifiers equipped with laminating units for the flow of pure water, hydroclassifiers include a housing consisting of a cylindrical receiving and separation and conical classification chambers, inlet pipe for slurry, outlet pipe for outputting fine fractions, and in the classification chamber pipe for supplying pure water and outputting the selected block of the desired fraction through laminirizatsii. 11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the laminarization unit is a construction in the form of a conditional tee, consisting of a receiver tank located vertically, into which the first part of the tee is lowered along the central vertical axis by 1/4 of its height - a vertical cylindrical the outlet pipe, the top of which is aligned with the lower outlet of the hydroclassifier, the second part of the tee is the inlet pipe with a jet straightener for supplying water to the receiver tank, set at 2/3 of the receiver's tank height, and the third part roynika - an outlet for outputting a target fraction of the capacitance-ressivera mounted diametrically straightening vane at the level of 1/3 of the container height-ressivera. 12. Installation according to claim 11, characterized in that the straightener is a nozzle with radial plates placed inside, dividing the cross-sectional area of the nozzle into 4-8 equal sectors. 13. The installation according to claim 11, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the pipes of the laminarization unit F _under : F _in : F _out = 1.0: 0.18: 0.08, where F _p is the cross-sectional area of a cylindrical vertical outlet pipe; F _I - the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe for supplying the working fluid to the tank-receiver; F _o - the cross-sectional area of the outlet pipe to output the target fraction from the tank-receiver. 14. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the receiving and separating unit of all classification modules is a hydraulic screen with a cylindrical shape with a tangential inlet in the upper cylindrical part for supplying the slurry and a lower outlet in the conical part. 15. Installation according to 14, characterized in that the hydraulic screen of the first classification module contains an upper outlet pipe for discharging small fractions in the form of a siphon, which is lowered into the body of the hydraulic screen by 1/3 of its height along its central vertical axis, and the lower outlet through a tee connected to the upper tangential inlets of two hydroclassifiers, which are hydrocyclones, the upper exits of the hydro screen and the first hydrocyclone are connected by a pipeline through the control flaps to the hydro screen input of the third classification module tion, and the upper outlet of the second hydrocyclone is connected by a pipeline through the control damper to the tangential inlet of the hydraulic screen of the second classification module. 16. Installation according to 14, characterized in that the hydraulic screen of the second classification module is equipped with a grid located in the conical part and a hatch for removing debris, the height of the cylindrical part is 1.5-2 times greater than the height of the conical part, and through the conical part the pipe is connected to the inlet of the first hydroclassifier. 17. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the hydroclassifiers of the second and third modules are identical in design and include an inlet pipe for hydraulic mixture, passing below into a diffuser with a taper angle of 8-12 °, mounted inside the housing along a central vertical axis, lowered to 0 , 8 of the height of the reception and separation chamber and fenced from the outside by 2/3 of its height with a cylindrical wall that is connected to the lower end of the diffuser by an annular plate, and on top they are interconnected by a lid in the form of a truncated cone with a usnostyu not less than 60 °, wherein the area ratio of the cross sections of the lower end of the funnel of the diffuser and the cylinder _raster F: F _cyl = 1: 2.1 ÷ 2.2, the ratio of the diffuser and the height H of the cylindrical wall _raster: H _cyl = 1,6 ÷ 1 , 7: 1, and the ratio of the heights of the cylindrical and conical parts of the hydro-desiccant N _c : H _k = 1.35: 1. 18. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the upper output of the first hydroclassifier of the second classification module is connected by a pipeline to the input of the second hydroclassifier, the upper output of which is in turn connected by a pipeline through the shutoff valves to the input of the first hydroclassifier of the third classification module. 19. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the hydraulic screen of the third module has twice the height of the cylindrical part with respect to the conical part, is equipped with a grid located in the cylindrical part under the inlet, and a hatch for removing debris, and is installed over the grid along the central vertical axis a trap in the form of an inverted truncated cone, also covered with a grid, which is connected by a pipe passing through the lower conical part of the hydraulic screen to a pipe connected to the inlet of the first hydroclassifier of the second classification module ation, and the output of the first gidroklassifikatora third classification module connected to the input of the second gidroklassifikatora the same module. 20. Installation according to claim 15, characterized in that the pipelines connected to the outlet pipes of the laminarization units of the first classification module are made in the form of hydraulic locks by a u-shaped bend and raising the upper point to a level of 0.9 ÷ 0.95 of the connection level of the laminarization unit with tangential hydrocyclone inputs. 21. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that on the pipeline in front of each laminarization unit there is a device for controlling the supply of working fluid and a control valve with the ability to control its operation from the control panel by means of control signals of differential pressure meters installed on each hydroclassifier of the second and third classification modules with separate control.