RU2000112365A - METHOD FOR PROCESSING GAS-HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS IN SOLID-PHASE POLYMERS AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION - Google Patents

Claims (29)

1. A method of processing gas hydrocarbon feedstocks into solid-phase polymers, according to which the hydrocarbon feedstock is subjected to plasma-chemical pyrolysis and polymerization in a plasma containing hydrogen, solid-state polymerization products are removed from the gas-plasma stream, characterized in that the chemical composition and flow rate of the gas hydrocarbon feedstock are measured before pyrolysis , based on the measurement data, the composition of inert plasma-forming gases with excitation energies ε _ma , ε _{mi of} metastable electronically excited atoms and ions is chosen satisfying the condition of energy resonance with the energy costs of the reactions of formation of hydrocarbon radicals and radical ions from hydrocarbon molecules according to the condition

(where T is the temperature, k is the Boltzmann constant, ΔE _a , ΔE _i are the energies of the formation of radicals and ion radicals during the interaction of hydrocarbons with metastable atoms and ions, respectively), create a vacuum in the setup and form a plasma from selected plasma-forming inert gases in the plasma torch with the flow rate, heat content, electron energies, providing the above electronically excited plasma particles, the plasma and the processed hydrocarbon feed in the form of supersonic jets are blown into the reaction chamber In addition, create a gas-plasma mixture flow in which pyrolysis and reactions of formation of hydrocarbon radicals occur, provide a gas-plasma flow rate according to the condition V _n ≤ L _o • τ $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-1}}{\text{rivers}}$ where L _о is the length of the reaction chamber, τ _rivers is the reaction time of the recombination of hydrocarbon radicals, the chemical composition of the products is recorded in the gas-plasma stream, the temperature ensuring the polymerization of hydrocarbons is measured and set, and solid-phase hydrocarbon polymers are obtained which are removed from the two-phase stream.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the plasma is blown in the form of several plasma supersonic jets.  3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the plasma is blown in the form of intersecting supersonic jets.  4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the processed hydrocarbon feed is introduced into the plasma before expiration into the reaction chamber.  5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that nitrogen is introduced into the plasma before expiration into the reaction chamber.  6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the processed hydrocarbon feed and nitrogen are introduced into the plasma before expiration into the reaction chamber.  7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they create a plasma in a plasmatron with a pressure of 1-0,05 N. atm 8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they create a vacuum in the reaction chamber in the pressure ranges 5 • 10 ^-6 - 2 • 10 ^-4 N. atm 9. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the specific heat content of the plasma is created in the range of 2 • 10 ⁴ - 2 • 10 ⁵ J / g  10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the electron energy is maintained by the voltage in the arc discharge in the range of 13-30 volts.  11. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the speed of the gas-plasma mixture is adjusted by setting the angles of the direction of supply of the plasma jets relative to the axis of the stream of the processed gas.  12. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that prior to the output of solid-phase products increase the pressure by generating shock waves.  13. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the temperature of the gas-plasma mixture is regulated to increase pressure.  14. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the composition of the reaction products is measured by the emission spectra of molecules and radicals.  15. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that after increasing the pressure, the temperature of the gas-plasma mixture is measured by the rotational spectra of the electron-vibrational bands of the radicals.  16. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that after measuring the temperature it is adjusted to the polymerization temperature.  17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasma is repeatedly exposed to the gas-plasma mixture.  18. The method according to p. 17, characterized in that after repeated exposure to plasma, the composition of the reaction products is measured by the electron-vibrational emission spectra of molecules and radicals.  19. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the gas stream is cleaned from unreacted hydrocarbon gases, the remaining inert gas is compressed, the gas is returned to the plasma torch in the form of a plasma jet to the stage of plasma-chemical pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon feed.  20. A device for processing gas hydrocarbon feedstocks into solid-phase polymers containing plasmatrons, a cooled reaction chamber with holes and nozzles for primary and repeated supply of a cooling medium using nozzles, a throttling device, a container for collecting the final product, characterized in that the plasma torches fed by plasma-forming gases from the receiver, contain regulators of the lengths of electric arc discharge gaps, the reaction chamber is equipped with devices for optical registration of the composition of gases and azma, by measuring the velocity and pressure of the flows of the gas-plasma mixture and is connected through a vacuum shutter to the phase separator body having a phase separation mechanism and separate gas and solid phase collectors, the gas phase collector is connected to the pumping system through the nozzle, the solid phase collector is connected to the receiving chamber through the lock chamber a container for collecting solid-phase hydrocarbon polymer.  21. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that more than two plasmatrons are installed in one section of the reaction chamber.  22. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the plasma torches are mounted in several sections of the reaction chamber.  23. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the cooling nozzles are located after each section in which the plasmatrons are placed.  24. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the optical recording devices contain radiation scanning mechanisms for the volume of the reaction chamber.  25. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the pumping system through a compressor and a check valve installed after it is connected to a receiver for collecting evacuated gases, which is connected to the plasma torches through a gas-wired pipeline and gearboxes.  26. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that between the phase separator and the pumping system there is a mechanism for cleaning exhaust gases from hydrocarbons.  27. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the mechanism for cleaning gases from hydrocarbons is made in the form of a cryogenic panel.  28. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the reaction chamber is connected through a diffuser with a vacuum shutter.  29. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the lock chamber has an autonomous pumping system.