RU2096083C1 - Metal-carbon catalyst - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heterogeneous catalysis. SUBSTANCE: invention is distinguished by applying as catalyst threadlike carbon containing particles of iron subgroup metals or their alloys with other metals. Such systems are prepared by coking iron subgroup metals or their alloys by means of hydrocarbons. Catalysts have been successfully utilized in reactions of CO oxidation, steam conversion of methane, unsaturated hydrocarbon hydrogenation (in particular, selective hydrogenation of dienes and acetylenes into olefins), butane dehydrogenation, CO methanation, and Fischer-Tropsch reaction. EFFECT: increased resistance to caking and coking with preserved high catalytic efficiency. 2 cl, 1 dwg , 11 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of heterogeneous catalysis, namely to supported metal-carbon catalysts.

The supported metal catalysts are used for a number of catalytic reactions: hydrogenation and reduction, steam and carbon dioxide conversions of methane and other hydrocarbons, oxidation reactions, Fischer-Tropsch, CO methanation, dehydrogenation, etc. [one]
In recent years, carbon-supported catalysts are widely used and intensively studied. The most common catalysts obtained by impregnation of carbon carriers: activated carbon [2] pyrocarbon [3] graphite [4] Also known are catalysts obtained by intercalation of transition metal salts into graphite with subsequent reduction [5]
Closest to the proposed solution are catalysts obtained by impregnation of catalytic fibrous carbon with salts of nickel and palladium [6] (prototype). Such catalysts are active in the hydrogenation of olefins and nitro compounds, as well as in the dehydrochlorination of chloroaromatic compounds.

 The supported metal catalysts have two main disadvantages: sintering of active metals and the ability to form coke or resins. Both of these factors lead to catalyst deactivation.

 The present invention solves the problem of creating highly effective sintering and coking resistant catalysts. This problem is solved by using threadlike carbon as catalysts with metal particles fixed to the ends of the threads of a subgroup of iron or their alloys with other metals.

, которая определенным образом ориентирована по отношению к углеродной подложке (рис. 1). Размер частиц металла или сплава определяли по уширению рентгеновских дифракционных максимумов и методом высокоразрещающей электронной спектроскопии.Such systems are obtained by coking catalysts containing metals of the subgroup of iron or their alloys, hydrocarbons. The preparation methods are described in a number of sources, for example, [7-11] The filamentous carbon obtained by the methods [7-11] has a metal or alloy particle size of 100-500 at the end of the thread

, which is oriented in a certain way with respect to the carbon substrate (Fig. 1). The particle size of the metal or alloy was determined by broadening of X-ray diffraction maxima and by high-resolution electron spectroscopy.

 In the filamentary carbon obtained by the methods / 7-11 /, the metal particles are bonded to carbon by chemical bonds, therefore, they must be resistant to sintering. According to the data of / 11 /, the formation of carbon from hydrocarbons proceeds through the stage of their decomposition on the crystallographic faces <100> of metals of the iron subgroup. During coking, it is possible to obtain metal particles oriented in such a way that the <100> face does not come to the surface. Coke formation on such particles is largely suppressed or does not occur at all. Gum formation, which is the condensation of hydrocarbons in the form of aromatic rings, proceeds mainly on the <III> faces due to the geometric correspondence of these faces and the benzene ring. In metal-filamentous carbon systems, faces <III> are blocked by carbon.

 The supported metals of the iron subgroup are active in almost all known catalytic reactions / I /, hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds and functional groups, oxidation of CO, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, etc. steam and carbon dioxide conversion of hydrocarbons, Fischer-Tropsch reaction, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis and many other reactions. Metal-carbon catalysts are also active in these reactions.

.The essence of the present invention is to provide a metal-carbon catalyst for the reactions of hydrogenation oxidation, CO methanation, steam and carbon dioxide methane conversion, hydrocarbon dehydrogenation, the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, which is a filiform carbon, on the ends of the threads of which particles of one or more metals of the iron subgroup are fixed or their alloys with other metals having a size of 100-500

.

 Preferably, the mass ratio C / Me is 0.09 to 400, where Me is the metal of the iron subgroup or its alloy with other metals, and the atomic fraction of the metal of the iron subgroup in the alloy is 0.64 or more.

, то нитевидный углерод не образуется.If the particle size of the metal or alloy is less than 100 or more than 500

then filamentary carbon is not formed.

 If the C / Me ratio is less than 0.09, then not all metal or alloy particles are bonded to filamentary carbon. If the ratio is greater than 400, then the catalysts are inactive.

 If the atomic fraction of the metal of the iron subgroup is less than 0.64, then filiform carbon is not formed.

 The invention is illustrated by examples and drawing.

Пример 2. 0,5 г оксида кобальта нагревают в водороде до 600^oC и выдерживают 5 мин. Затем подвергают закоксованию в бутадиене при 650^oC в течение 30 мин и при 700^oC в течение 30 мин. В результате получают 1,69 г нитевидного углерода. Состав полученного катализатора. Металлический кобальт - 23 мас. углерод 77 мас. отношение C/Cо=3,3, размер частиц кобальта по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 500

Пример 3. 0,0125 г оксида никеля нагревают в водороде до 600^oC и выдерживают 5 мин. Затем подвергают закоксованию в смеси пропана с водородом при 600^oC в течение 7 час. В результате получают 0,225 г нитевидного углерода. Состав полученного катализатора: металлический никель 4,3 мас. углерод 95,7 мас. отношение C/Ni=22, размер частиц никеля по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 160

Пример 4. 5 г оксида алюминия ( γ -Al₂O₃) пропитывают 0,75 М раствором нитрата никеля. Образец сушат при 120^oC на воздухе, прокаливают при 550^oC на воздухе 1 час и восстанавливают в водороде при 580^oC 30 мин. Образец закоксовывают в смеси пропан-бутан при 600^oC в течение 5 часов. В результате получают катализатор, имеющий состав: металлический никель 4,2 мас. углерод 50 мас. остальное оксид алюминия. Отношение C/Ni=12, размер частиц никеля по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 200

Пример 5. Смесь 3,6 г оксида никеля и 0,6 г гидраргилита Al(OH)₃ подвергают механохимической активации в течение 30 мин. Навеску 3,5 г образца восстанавливают в водороде при 550^oC и подвергают закоксованию смесью природного газа и водорода (1:1) при 650^oC в течение 8 час. В результате получают 55 г нитевидного углерода. Состав катализатора: металлический никель 55 мас. оксид алюминия 0,9 мас. остальное-углерод. Отношение C/Ni=17, размер частиц никеля по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 180

Пример 6. Смесь 3,6 г оксида никеля и 0,6 г гидраргилита Al(OH)₃ подвергают механохимической активации в течение 5 мин. Навеску 1,6 г образца восстанавливают в водороде при 550^oC и подвергают закоксованию метаном при 600^oC в течение 10 мин. Состав катализатора: металлический никель 59,8 мас. оксид алюминия 6,4 мас. остальное углерод. Отношение C/Ni=0,57, размер частиц никеля по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 500

Пример 7. То же, что в примере 6, но закоксование проводят в течение 20 мин. Состав катализатора: металлический никель 50,0 мас. оксид алюминия - 5,2 мас. остальное углерод. Отношение C/Ni=0,92, размер частиц никеля по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 500

Пример 8. Смесь 3,6 г оксида никеля и 0,6 г оксида меди подвергают механохимической активации в течение 30 мин, затем добавляют 0,6 г гидраргилита и активируют еще 20 мин. Навеску 0,62 г образца восстанавливают в водороде при 550^oC и подвергают закоксованию метаном при 600^oC в течение 5 мин. Состав катализатора: сплав Ni_0,9Cu_0,1 33,2 мас. оксид алюминия 5,5 мас. остальное углерод. Отношение C/Ni_0,9Cu_0,1=1,85, размер частиц сплава по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 500

Пример 9. Смесь 3,6 г оксида никеля, 0,6 г оксида меди и 0,6 г гидроксида магния подвергают механохимической активации в течение 2 час. Навеску 0,52 г образца восстанавливают в водороде при 550^oC и подвергают закоксованию метаном при 600^oC в течение 5 мин. Состав катализатора: сплав Ni_0,9Cu_0,1 79,6 мас. оксид магния 13,2 мас. остальное-углерод. Отношение C/Ni_0,9Cu_0,1= 0,09, размер частиц сплава по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 500

Пример 10. То же, что в примере 9, но закоксование проводят до полной дезактивации в отношении закоксования. Состав катализатора: сплав Ni_0,9Cu_0,1 2,8 мас. оксид магния 0,3 мас. остальное-углерод. Отношение C/Ni_0,9Cu_0,1=35, размер частиц сплава по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 140

Пример 11. То же, что в примере 10, но после закоксования в метане образец закоксовывают в бутадиене до дезактивации. Состав катализатора: сплав Ni_0,9Cu_0,1 0,25 мас. оксид магния 0,02 мас. остальное - углерод. Отношение C/Ni_0,9Cu_0,1=400, размер частиц сплава по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 100

Пример 12. Смесь 3,6 г оксида никеля и 0,6 г гидраргилита Al(OH)₃ подвергают механохимической активации в течение 20 мин, добавляют 0,073 г H₂PtCl₆ и активируют еще 2 мин. Образец восстанавливают в водороде при 600^oC в течение 30 мин и подвергают закоксованию метаном при 600^oC в течение 45 мин. Состав катализатора: сплав Ni_0,996Pt_0,004 4,1 мас. оксид алюминия 0,56 мас. остальное углерод. Отношение C/Ni_0,996Pt_0,004 23, размер частиц сплава по данным дифракции рентгеновских лучей 180

.Example 1. 5 g of iron oxide is reduced in hydrogen at 450 ^o C for 1 hour. Then subjected to coking with a mixture of propane-butane at 700 ^o C for 2 hours. As a result of the procedure, 23.5 g of filamentary carbon containing metallic iron are obtained. The composition of the catalyst: metallic iron 15mass. carbon 85 wt. Mass ratio C / Fe = 5.7, particle size of iron according to x-ray diffraction 500

Example 2. 0.5 g of cobalt oxide is heated in hydrogen to 600 ^o C and incubated for 5 minutes It is then coked in butadiene at 650 ^° C. for 30 minutes and at 700 ^° C. for 30 minutes. The result is 1.69 g of filamentary carbon. The composition of the resulting catalyst. Metallic cobalt - 23 wt. carbon 77 wt. C / Co ratio = 3.3, cobalt particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 500

Example 3. 0.0125 g of nickel oxide is heated in hydrogen to 600 ^o C and incubated for 5 minutes Then subjected to coking in a mixture of propane and hydrogen at 600 ^o C for 7 hours. The result is 0.225 g of filamentary carbon. The composition of the obtained catalyst: metallic nickel 4.3 wt. carbon 95.7 wt. C / Ni ratio = 22, nickel particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 160

Example 4. 5 g of alumina (γ-Al ₂ O ₃ ) is impregnated with a 0.75 M solution of Nickel nitrate. The sample was dried at 120 ^° C in air, calcined at 550 ^° C in air for 1 hour, and reduced in hydrogen at 580 ^° C for 30 minutes. A sample is coked in a propane-butane mixture at 600 ^° C. for 5 hours. The result is a catalyst having the composition: metallic nickel 4.2 wt. carbon 50 wt. the rest is aluminum oxide. C / Ni ratio = 12, nickel particle size according to x-ray diffraction 200

Example 5. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide and 0.6 g of hydrargilite Al (OH) _{3 is} subjected to mechanochemical activation for 30 minutes. A 3.5 g sample of the sample is reduced in hydrogen at 550 ^° C. and coked with a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen (1: 1) at 650 ^° C. for 8 hours. The result is 55 g of whisker carbon. The composition of the catalyst: metallic nickel 55 wt. alumina 0.9 wt. the rest is carbon. The ratio C / Ni = 17, the particle size of Nickel according to x-ray diffraction 180

Example 6. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide and 0.6 g of hydrargilite Al (OH) _{3 is} subjected to mechanochemical activation for 5 minutes. A sample of 1.6 g of the sample is reduced in hydrogen at 550 ^° C and subjected to methane coking at 600 ^° C for 10 minutes. The composition of the catalyst: metallic nickel 59.8 wt. alumina 6.4 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio = 0.57, nickel particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 500

Example 7. The same as in example 6, but coking is carried out for 20 minutes The composition of the catalyst: metallic nickel 50.0 wt. aluminum oxide - 5.2 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio = 0.92, nickel particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 500

Example 8. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide and 0.6 g of copper oxide is subjected to mechanochemical activation for 30 minutes, then 0.6 g of hydrargilite is added and activated for another 20 minutes. A weighed portion of 0.62 g of the sample is reduced in hydrogen at 550 ^° C and subjected to coking with methane at 600 ^° C for 5 minutes. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.9 Cu _0.1 33.2 wt. alumina 5.5 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio _0.9 Cu _0.1 = 1.85, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 500

Example 9. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide, 0.6 g of copper oxide and 0.6 g of magnesium hydroxide is subjected to mechanochemical activation for 2 hours. A portion of 0.52 g of the sample is reduced in hydrogen at 550 ^° C and subjected to coking with methane at 600 ^° C for 5 minutes. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.9 Cu _0.1 79.6 wt. magnesium oxide 13.2 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio _0.9 Cu _0.1 = 0.09, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 500

Example 10. The same as in example 9, but coking is carried out until complete deactivation in relation to coking. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.9 Cu _0.1 2.8 wt. magnesium oxide 0.3 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio _0.9 Cu _0.1 = 35, alloy particle size according to x-ray diffraction data 140

Example 11. The same as in example 10, but after coking in methane, the sample is coked in butadiene before deactivation. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.9 Cu _0.1 0.25 wt. magnesium oxide 0.02 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio _0.9 Cu _0.1 = 400, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 100

Example 12. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide and 0.6 g of hydrargilite Al (OH) _{3 is} subjected to mechanochemical activation for 20 minutes, 0.073 g of H ₂ PtCl ₆ is added and activated for another 2 minutes. The sample was reduced in hydrogen at 600 ^° C for 30 minutes and coked with methane at 600 ^° C for 45 minutes. The composition of the catalyst: Ni alloy _0.996 Pt _0.004 4.1 wt. alumina 0.56 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio _0.996 Pt _0.004 23, particle size of the alloy according to x-ray diffraction 180

.

.Example 13. Alumina is sequentially impregnated with solutions of RuOHCl ₃ and (Fe (NO ₃ ) _3. The obtained sample is dried at 120 ^o C, calcined in air at 550 ^o C. The content of ruthenium and iron is 10 wt. A portion of 0.214 g of sample is restored at 600 ^o C for 30 minutes, then carbonized with propane at the same temperature for 60 minutes Catalyst composition: Fe alloy _0.64 Ru _0.36 18.0 wt. alumina 72.0 wt. rest carbon C / Fe ratio _0.64 Ru _0.36 0.55, particle size of the alloy according to x-ray diffraction 500

.

.Example 14. Magnesium hydroxide is poured with a solution of Nickel nitrate and carry out the deposition of ammonia. The resulting catalyst contains 90 wt. nickel. A weighed portion of 0.00235 g of the sample is reduced in hydrogen at 550 ^° C and subjected to coking with methane at 550 ^° C for 60 minutes. The composition of the catalyst: metallic nickel 1.7 wt. magnesium oxide 0.18 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio 58, particle size of the alloy according to x-ray diffraction data 120

.

.Example 15. From a mixed solution of nickel, magnesium and copper nitrates (0.56M, 0.25M and 0.04M, respectively), a mixture of hydroxides is precipitated with caustic potassium. The sample is dried, calcined at 600 ^° C. A portion of 0.624 g of the sample is reduced in hydrogen at 550 ^° C and subjected to coking with methane at 600 ^° C for 20 minutes. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.933 Cu _0.067 31.0 wt. magnesium oxide 8.7 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio _0.933 Cu _0.067 1.95, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction 400

.

.Example 16. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide and 0.6 g of copper oxide is subjected to mechanochemical activation for 10 minutes, then 0.6 g of hydrargilite is added and activated for another 30 minutes. A 0.2 g sample of the sample is reduced in hydrogen at 550 ^° C and coked with a mixture of methane and hydrogen (10: 1) at 600 ^° C for 60 minutes. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.827 Cu _0.173 7.1 wt. alumina 0.8 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni ratio _0.827 Cu _0.173 13, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 300

.

.Example 17. A mixture of 3.7 g of nickel oxide, 0.6 g of palladium chloride and 0.6 g of hydrargilite is subjected to mechanical activation for 30 minutes. A sample of 0.1 is heated in hydrogen to 550 ^° C. and coked in methane for 30 minutes. Get the catalyst composition: alloy Ni _0.934 Pd _0.066 6.8 wt. alumina 0.8 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni _{ratio 0.934} Pd _0.066 13.6, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction 300

.

.Example 18. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide, 0.6 g of aluminum hydroxide and 0.75 g of molybdenum oxide is subjected to mechanochemical activation in a centrifugal planetary mill for 30 minutes. A sample of 1 g of this sample is reduced and subjected to coking in methane at 600 ^o C. 5.7 g of carbon-metal material are discharged from the reactor. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.9 Mo _0.1 11.7 wt. alumina 1.38 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni mass ratio _0.9 Mo _0.01 7.4, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 380

.

.Example 19. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide, 0.6 g of aluminum hydroxide and 0.37 g of indium nitrate is subjected to mechanochemical activation in a centrifugal planetary mill for 30 minutes. A portion of 1 g of this sample is reduced and subjected to coking in methane at 600 ^o C. 6.85 g of metal-carbon material is discharged from the solution. The composition of the catalyst: Ni alloy _0.98 In _0.02 9.9 wt. aluminum oxide 1.14 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni mass ratio _0.98 In _0.02 = 9.0, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 300

.

.Example 20. A mixture of 3.6 g of Nickel oxide, 0.6 g of aluminum hydroxide and 0.09 g of zinc oxide is subjected to mechanochemical activation in a centrifugal planetary mill for 30 minutes, a sample of 1 g of this sample is restored and subjected to coking in methane at 600 ^o C 6.5 g of carbon-metal material are discharged from the reactor. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.98 Zn _0.02 9.8 wt. alumina 1.21 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni mass ratio _0.98 Zn _0.02 9.1, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 250

.

.Example 21. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide, 0.6 g of aluminum hydroxide and 0.16 g of tin dioxide is subjected to mechanochemical activation in a centrifugal planetary mill for 30 minutes. A sample of 1 g of this sample is reduced and subjected to coking in methane at 600 ^o C. 6.5 g of carbon-metal material are discharged from the reactor. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.98 Sn _0.02 10.7 wt. alumina 1.21 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni mass ratio _0.98 Sn _0.02 8.2, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction 260

.

.Example 22. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide, 0.6 g of aluminum hydroxide and 0.14 g of Mn ₂ O _{3 is} subjected to mechanochemical activation in a centrifugal planetary mill for 30 minutes. A sample of 1 g of this sample is reduced and subjected to coking in methane at 600 ^o C. 47 g of carbon-metal material are discharged from the reactor. The composition of the catalyst: Ni alloy _0.98 Mn _0.02 1.41 wt. alumina 0.17 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni mass ratio _0.98 Mn _0.02 70, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction 160

.

.Example 23. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide, 0.6 g of aluminum hydroxide and 0.17 g of V ₂ O _{5 is} subjected to mechanochemical activation in a centrifugal planetary mill for 30 minutes. A sample of 1 g of this sample is reduced and subjected to coking in methane at 600 ^o C. 47 g of carbon-metal material are discharged from the reactor. The composition of the catalyst: Ni alloy _0.98 V _0.02 1.27 wt. alumina 0.17 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni mass ratio _0.98 V _0.02 78, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction 180

.

.Example 24. A mixture of 3.6 g of nickel oxide, 0.6 g of copper oxide and 0.6 g of aluminum hydroxide was subjected to mechanochemical activation in a centrifugal planetary mill for 3.0 minutes, then 0.2 g of iron oxide was added to the mixture and activated 5 more minutes. A sample of 1 g of this sample is reduced and subjected to coking in methane at 700 ^o C. 150 g of carbon material are discharged from the reactor. The composition of the catalyst: alloy Ni _0.85 Cu _0.13 Fe _0.02 0.46 wt. alumina 0.05 wt. the rest is carbon. C / Ni mass ratio _0.85 Cu _0.13 Fe _0.02 216, alloy particle size according to X-ray diffraction data 120

.

 The samples obtained in examples 1 to 24 were tested in the oxidation reactions of CO, hydrogen, butane; CO methanation; steam methane conversion; dihydrogenation of n-butane; Fischer-Tropsch reactions; hydrogenation of olefins, dienes, acetylene carbon, unsaturated fatty acids, p-benzoquinone, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, acetonitrile, benzamide. The results of the determination of activity are shown in tables 1 to 10.

 Samples according to examples 6 to 7 are prepared in such a way that coke formation does not go on them.

 The thermal stability of metal-carbon catalysts is illustrated in Table 11. The samples were calcined in an argon atmosphere.

 The data in tables 1 to 10 indicate the achievement of the purpose of the invention.

Sources of information
1. The catalytic properties of substances. Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 1968.

2. Ohtsuka J. // J. Mol.Catal. 1989. v. 54. N 2. p. 225
3. Semikolenov V.A. // Advances in chemistry. 1992.v. 61. N 2.p.320.

 4. Sirokman G et al. // J. Catal. 1989. v. 117. N 2. h 558.

 5. Vol'pin M.E. Et al. // J Am. Chem. Soc. 1975.v. 97. N 12. p. 3366.

6. Simagina VI Stoyanova IV et al. // Proc. 4th Europ. East-West confer. and ehibition ln material and process. St-Petersurg. 1993. p.20.- prototype
7. Waker RTK Harris PS // In; Chemistry and Physics of carbon. Marcel Dekker. N.-Y. v. 14.1978 p. 7.

 8. Auto USSR N 710933. B.I. N 3, 01.25.80.

 9. Aut. St. USSR N 136027. B.I. N 3, 01/23/08.

 10. Auth. St. USSR N 13279957. B.I. N 29, 08/07/87. 11. Chesnokov V.V. and others // Kinetics and catalysis. 1994.v. 35. N 1.s. 146.

Claims (1)

1. A metal-carbon catalyst for the oxidation, hydrogenation, CO methanation, steam and carbon dioxide methane conversion, hydrocarbon dehydrogenation, Fischer-Tropsch reaction, characterized in that it contains whisker carbon, at the ends of the threads of which particles of one or more metals of the iron subgroup are fixed, or alloys with other metals having a size of 100,500

2. The catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a mass C / Me ratio of 0.09 to 400, where Me is an iron subgroup metal or its alloy with other metals, and the atomic fraction of the iron subgroup metal in the alloy is from 0.64 or higher.

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