RU2094751C1 - Container to transport and store explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: safe shipping and storage of explosives. SUBSTANCE: container has outer housing 1, intermediate protective layer 2 made from one or several ceramic elements with sound velocity exceeding detonation rate in explosive material and inner housing 3. EFFECT: increased safety of shipping and storage of explosives. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of mining, engineering, etc. and can be used to increase safety during transportation and storage of explosive materials (VM).

 A known container, which can serve as a mine shell, which reduces its sensitivity to the explosion of other mines during storage and transportation. The housing softens the transmission of pressure impulses to the BM mines. For this purpose, the housing is made in the form of a shell, which reduces pressure and reduces energy. Inside it, between the shell and the VM, a damping layer is chemically resistant to the VM. In addition to sea mines, the hull can be used for explosive charges or containers with BM. (German patent application N 301394, class F 42 B 22/00, F 42 D 5/00, publ. 17.12.92).

 However, due to the fact that the damping layer is adjacent directly to the VM charge, this limits the choice of material of the damping layer from among materials chemically resistant to VM.

 In addition, a container for transporting and storing VMs or products from VMs is known, which is a prototype of the present invention and contains a high-strength outer casing, an intermediate protective layer and an inner casing (EP patent application N 0299902, class F 42 B 37/02, publ. 01/18/89).

 The intermediate protective layer consists of a mixture containing vermiculite in a binder. The effectiveness of the protective layer is ensured by the fact that it, filling the gap between the product and the outer casing, absorbs the energy of the explosion before it is transferred to the outer casing. The layer of the mixture distributes the force from the explosion over a large surface area of the outer casing and provides resistance to the penetration of fragments.

 However, the indicated container for transportation and storage of VMs has the disadvantage of a low protective effect, since the vermiculite protective layer has almost no resistance to the penetrating effect of fragments, which in turn leads to a relatively low safety of transportation and storage of VMs.

 An analysis of the prior art indicates the feasibility of creating a container for transporting and storing VMs with higher safety.

 This is achieved by the fact that in a known container for transporting and storing VMs, comprising an outer casing, an intermediate protective layer and an inner casing, the intermediate protective layer is made of one or more ceramic elements having a sound velocity exceeding the detonation velocity in the VM.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed container, General view; in FIG. 2-5 show embodiments of the intermediate protective layer.

 The container (Fig. 1) contains an outer casing 1, an intermediate protective layer 2, an inner casing 3, a hatch for loading and unloading 4, lifting devices 5, a non-combustible binder filler 6 (Fig. 2-5). The intermediate protective layer 2 is made of one or more ceramic elements (Fig. 2-5). Ceramic elements can be made of various materials having an elastic wave velocity exceeding the detonation velocity of the VM, for example, carbides, oxides, nitrides, silicides, etc. The most technologically advanced materials are self-bonded silicon carbide and alumina-based ceramics. Ceramic elements can be in the form of plates with inclined holes staggered and filled with a non-combustible binder filler (Fig. 2 and 3) or in the form of tubular elements (Fig. 4 and 5) filled with a similar filler. In FIG. 3 shows the implementation of the intermediate layer of two layers. The number of layers may be large. In FIG. 4 and 5 show embodiments of an intermediate layer of tubular elements. The outer case of the container is made of sheet steel, aluminum alloy or plastic, according to the standards of the industry in which it is used. Inner housing made of material resistant to VM.

 The container operates as follows: in the event of an emergency (hit by a flying object, vehicle accident, fall from a height, etc.), a shock wave arises propagating along the container body to the VM. When an intermediate layer propagates through ceramic elements, this wave transforms into a compression wave ahead of the main perturbation without a shock front. Indeed, since high-modulus ceramics, along with high values of the speed of sound, have values of the Hugoniot elastic limit (for silicon carbide, the bar speed of sound is about 11 km / s, the elastic Hugoniot limit is about 8 GPa), the shock wave will propagate through the elastic material. It is known that the propagation of a strong discontinuity in an elastic material is impossible (Rabotnov Yu.N. Mechanics of a deformable solid. M. Nauka, 1979, p. 465) and the discontinuity will be smeared into an isentropic compression wave without a shock front, which has a strong passivating effect on the VM . The main disturbance that came next in the form of a shock wave or a fast-flying object will affect the VM with a significantly reduced susceptibility to detonation initiation. In the experiments, there was a lack of detonation after loading a compression wave through a ceramic cell of a phlegmatized RDX charge with a shock wave through an air gap of 10 mm, separating it from the active charge of a phlegmatized RDX (IA Balagansky, EF Gryaznov. Desensitization of RDX Charges after Preshocking by a Compression Wave in a SiC Ceramic Rod.//Proc. Of the ZEL'DOVICH MEMORIAL. Int. Conf. On Combustion. Moscow, 1994. V.2. P.476 478). Under ordinary conditions, detonation is stably excited through an air gap of up to 75 mm, through a gap of water, steel or aluminum up to 15 20 mm.

 In addition, ceramic elements provide increased protection against the penetrating action of fast-flying objects. Thus, the implementation of the protective layer of ceramic elements having a sound speed exceeding the detonation velocity in the VM, provides a significant increase in safety during storage and transportation of VMs in comparison with the prototype.

 In the event of a fire, ceramics will also provide protection against the occurrence of VM ignition due to high heat resistance and low thermal conductivity.

Claims (1)

 A container for transporting and storing explosive materials, comprising an outer case, an intermediate protective layer and an inner case, characterized in that the intermediate protective layer is made of at least one ceramic element having a speed of sound exceeding the detonation speed in the explosive material.

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