RU209079U1 - DISC SECTION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to disc implements intended for surface and pre-sowing tillage, and can be used in tillage machines and implements. The disc harrow section consists of a frame and shafts attached to it, connected by a chain transmission and freely rotating in bearings, with rotary working bodies made in the form of flat disks rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle to their axis, and extreme working bodies made in the form of flat disks rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle of 90° to the shaft axis. Flat discs, rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle of 90° to the shaft axis, are made with sawtooth teeth located along the periphery at regular intervals. sawtooth cuts located along the periphery at regular intervals prevent soil clods from loading in front of obliquely mounted discs and allow obtaining quality indicators of the disc harrow.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to disk tools designed for surface and pre-sowing tillage, and can be used in tillage machines and tools.

Known disc harrow, in which in the section consisting of a frame and attached to it shafts with rotary working bodies, the working body is made in the form of a disk rigidly mounted on a rotating shaft at some angle to its axis. The discs are arranged in series, in a checkerboard pattern, the angle of inclination of the discs of the first shaft is equal to the angle of inclination of the discs of the second, and the direction of inclination of the discs of the first and second rows is different, while both shafts in this position are connected by a chain drive, the distance between the shafts is 1=2πr, where r is the radius of the disk, and one row of disks relative to the previous one is located on a frame with overlap [RF patent No. 74542, publ. 07/10/2008, Bull. No. 19, application No. 2008103099/22 dated January 28, 2008].

The section of the disc harrow consists of a frame on which at least two shafts are installed, connected by a chain drive, freely rotating in bearings. The working body - disk is fixedly fixed on a metal ring having an inner hole in the form of a cone, the average diameter of which is less than the outer diameter of the spherical hub. The spherical hub is fixed on a smooth round shaft in any place, which allows you to change the distance between the discs.

The section of the disc harrow consists of two or more shafts, multiples of two, connected by a chain transmission, this is necessary so that, rotating synchronously with the first, the second battery of discs most effectively cultivates the soil gaps that remained untouched after the passage of the first battery.

When the harrow moves, the disks are buried to a depth determined by the weight of the harrow, which can be changed by ballast, and due to the deviation of the disks by a certain angle, not only simple loosening occurs, but the process changes, i.e. cutting occurs with a varying angle of attack. At the same time, the disc cuts the root system of weeds, digging up part of the soil on one side of the disc and crushing soil clods, on the other hand. The harrowing process is more intense, accompanied by shock effects on the soil, arising from the fact that the disk inclined to the horizontal axis in the projection onto the vertical plane is an ellipse, that is, the harrow rolls across the field on the working body with a changing radius in the vertical plane.

Known disc harrow has disadvantages.

During the operation of the disc harrow, the disc, installed obliquely to the axis of rotation, is affected by the component of the soil reaction, directed away from the direction of movement. At the same time, on a disk installed obliquely to the axis of rotation, lateral shock loads lead to a displacement of the harrow to the side and its partial turn within the limits of the flexible connections of the frame with the section.

Therefore, when working with a well-known disc harrow, uncultivated soil areas (flaws) are possible. To prevent untreated areas (flaws), it is necessary to increase the overlap between sections. This leads to a significant increase in metal consumption per unit width of the disc harrow.

Known working body of a disc harrow, made in the form of a spherical disk with V-shaped cutouts located on the periphery at regular intervals and having cutting edges. The cutouts are made in the form of isosceles triangles with an angle α of no more than 130°, while the vertices of the triangles are directed towards the center of the disk to a depth of not more than one and a half widths of the disk sharpening chamfer. The cutting edges of the disk are sharpened from the outside and are made self-sharpening by hardfacing on the inside of the disk. [Utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 82508, published on May 10, 2009, Bull. No. 13, application No. 2008144333/22 dated 11/10/2008].

The use of the proposed working body can significantly improve the quality of soil cultivation, due to the intensive grinding of crop residues of weeds, and good crumbling of the cut soil layer, as well as reduce the traction resistance of the tillage tool and reduce fuel consumption of lubricants.

The technical solution is aimed at improving the quality of soil cultivation, by improving the crushing and crumbling of the soil.

To do this, the working body of the disc harrow is made in the form of a spherical disk with V-shaped cutouts located along the periphery at regular intervals and having cutting edges. The cutouts are made in the form of isosceles triangles with an angle α of not more than 130°, while the vertices of the triangles are directed towards the center of the disk to a depth of not more than one and a half width of the chamfer of the disk sharpening, and the cutting edges of the disk are sharpened from the outside and made self-sharpening by hardfacing on the inside disk.

With an increase in the angle α of more than 130°, the working surface of the blade decreases, and with a small blade length, the disk will poorly penetrate, undercut, and crumble the formation.

The cuts are made to a depth of not more than one and a half width of the chamfer of the disk sharpening. Cuts made to a depth of more than one and a half bevel widths will adversely affect the strength of the disc to absorb lateral forces from the soil.

The cutting edges are made self-sharpening by hardfacing on the inner side of the disk.

With the forward movement of the harrow, the disc rolls onto the soil and presses into it the soil and plant mass that has fallen into the cutout of the disc. The lower edge of the notch at the moment of contact with the soil and plant mass is a counter blade. In this case, the soil-vegetative mass, in the process of its movement from the periphery of the disk to the middle of the depression, slides along the upper and lower cutting edges and is cut. Angle α ensures effective capture of the soil and plant mass and prevents it from being pushed out of the cutout during operation.

The sections of the working surface of the blade, formed by cutouts, cause an asymmetric reaction of the soil to the disk, exciting transverse oscillations (vibration) of the disk working body, which significantly reduce traction resistance and contribute to the self-cleaning of the disk from the soil and plant mass.

Also known is a disc harrow, in which the prevention of untreated areas (flaws) is ensured by stabilizing the rectilinear movement. Stabilization of the rectilinear movement of the harrow is achieved by the fact that in the section of the rotary harrow, consisting of a frame and shafts attached to it with rotary working bodies made in the form of flat disks rigidly fixed on the rotating shafts at a certain angle to their axis, the extreme working bodies are made in the form of flat disks rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle of 90° to the axis of rotation of the shaft [RF Patent No. 89920, publ. December 27, 2009, Bull. No. 36].

The section consists of two or more shafts divisible by two, connected by a chain drive, this is necessary so that, rotating synchronously with the first, the second battery of disks most effectively cultivates the soil gaps that remain intact after the passage of the first battery.

When the harrow moves, the discs sink to a depth determined by the weight of the harrow, which can be changed with ballast. Discs loosen the soil. The disks go deep, cutting the soil in the longitudinal direction, perceive the lateral load from the reaction of the soil of the inclined working bodies and extinguish it, limiting the lateral movement of the section. Thanks to this, the disc harrow section moves in a straight line, working the topsoil more evenly across the working width. This allows you to reduce the overlap between sections. As a result, the metal consumption of the hitch per unit of grip width decreases.

Known disc harrow has disadvantages.

The well-known disc harrow is used not only for pre-sowing, but also for surface tillage for loosening the soil, as well as crushing soil clods. During the operation of the known disc harrow, large soil clods are loaded in front of obliquely mounted discs. At the same time, inclined disks move not only with rotation, but also with “skidding”. As a result, the quality indicators of soil cultivation of the disc harrow are violated.

The objective of the utility model is to improve the quality indicators of tillage.

The technical solution lies in the fact that the improvement of the quality indicators of soil cultivation by the section of the disc harrow is carried out by preventing the unloading of soil clods in front of the inclined discs.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the disc harrow section, consisting of a frame and shafts attached to it, connected by a chain transmission and freely rotating in bearings, with rotary working bodies made in the form of flat disks rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle to their axis, and extreme working bodies, made in the form of flat disks, rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle of 90° to the shaft axis, and flat disks, rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle of 90° to the shaft axis, are made with sawtooth teeth located along the periphery at equal intervals.

The disc harrow section is illustrated by the drawing material.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a disc harrow section, front view; in fig. 2 - section scheme, top view; in fig. 3 - view A in Fig. one.

The disc harrow section consists of a frame 1, on which at least two shafts 2 and 3 are installed, connected by a chain transmission 4 freely rotating in bearings 5 and 6. The working bodies, made in the form of flat disks 7 and 8, are rigidly fixed to the rotating shafts 2 and 3 at some angle to their axis. The extreme working bodies, made in the form of flat disks 9 and 10, made with sawtooth teeth spaced along the periphery at regular intervals, are rigidly fixed to the rotating shafts 2 and 3 at an angle of 90° to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

Section disc harrow works as follows.

The working width of the disc harrow depends on the number of sections of the disc harrow. The number of sections of the disc harrow is selected depending on the tractor with which the disc harrow will be aggregated.

The section consists of two or more shafts 2 and 3, multiples of two (only two shafts are shown in the drawings), connected by a chain transmission 4, so that, rotating synchronously with the first, the second battery of working bodies of the disks most effectively cultivates the soil gaps that remain intact after passing the first battery.

When the section of the disc harrow moves, the discs 7 and 8 are buried to a depth determined by the weight of the harrow. Depth of processing is regulated by a ballast. (The ballast is not shown on the drawing material).

Flat discs 7 and 8, rigidly fixed on shafts 2 and 3 at an angle to their axis, loosen the soil, crush soil clods.

Flat disks 9 and 10, rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle of 90° to the axis of the shaft, made with sawtooth teeth located along the periphery at regular intervals, are deepened, cutting the soil in the longitudinal direction, perceive the lateral load from the reaction of the soil mounted obliquely disks to their axis , extinguish it, limiting the lateral movement of the section. Thanks to this, the disc harrow section moves in a straight line, working the topsoil more evenly across the working width.

The disc harrow section is used not only for pre-sowing, surface tillage for loosening the soil, but also for crushing soil clods. During the operation of the section of the disc harrow, as well as the harrow adopted for the prototype, large soil clods are unloaded in front of the discs, since the inclined discs move not only with rotation, but also with a "skid". As a result, the quality indicators of soil cultivation by a disc harrow are violated.

To prevent the unloading of soil clods by eliminating the movement of inclined flat disks 7 and 8 "skid", flat disks 9 and 10 of the extreme working bodies, rigidly fixed on shafts 2 and 3 at an angle of 90 ° to the shaft axis, are made with sawtooth teeth located along periphery at regular intervals (see Fig. 3).

Sawtooth teeth make it possible to increase the friction of discs 9 and 10 on the soil, and under the action of discs 9 and 10, rotation is transmitted to shafts 2 and 3.

Flat discs of the extreme working bodies of the disc harrow section, rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle of 90° to the axis of rotation, made with sawtooth cuts located along the periphery at regular intervals, prevent soil clods from loading in front of inclined discs and allow obtaining quality indicators of the disc harrow.

Claims (1)

Disc harrow section, consisting of a frame and shafts attached to it, connected by a chain transmission and freely rotating in bearings, with rotary working bodies made in the form of flat disks rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle to their axis, and extreme working bodies made in in the form of flat disks rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle of 90° to the shaft axis, characterized in that the flat disks rigidly fixed on the shafts at an angle of 90° to the shaft axis are made with sawtooth teeth located along the periphery at regular intervals.

Images