RU2084111C1 - Elite grain thresher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, elite corn grain threshing equipment. SUBSTANCE: thresher has cylinder 4 with concave 5, rotary screen 6 and grain receiver 10. Screen 6 and grain receiver 10 are positioned below concave 5. Grain receiver 10 is communicated through aspiration channel 11 with cyclone 12 connected with fan 13. Cyclone 12 has discharge bottom 15 formed as rotary gate provided with lever and air valve 16 positioned in top part of cyclone 12 and connected with gate lever through tie-rod 17. One end 18 of tie-rod 17 is inserted through valve 16 into cyclone 12 so that tie-rod 17 may be easily moved relative to valve 16 for distance A. Restricting member 19 formed as washer is rigidly mounted on tie-rod 17 above top end surface of valve 16. When gate 15 is closed, restricting member 19 abuts against valve 16. Restricting member 20 is fixed on tie-rod end 18 extending into cyclone 12. Restricting member 20 is spaced from valve 16 by distance A and may be moved and fixed along end 18, provided with thread, which may be engaged with threaded opening of restricting member 20. Distance A may be regulated by moving restricting member 20 along end 18 and, as a result, free movement of tie-rod 17 relative to valve 16 may be adjusted. EFFECT: increased efficiency in high-quality cleaning of grain from contaminants, reduced labor intensity and increased output. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The claimed invention relates to the field of agriculture, mainly to breeding equipment, namely, devices for threshing selection material of corn and can be used in research institutions engaged in selection and primary seed production of corn, on elevators for threshing small batches of cobs with high quality material and with the complete exception of sort mixing seeds when threshing.

 A well-known laboratory maize thresher containing threshing working bodies in the form of vertical toothed disks to which the cobs are pressed by means of a pressing device and threshed (A.S. USSR N 432882, class A 01 F 11/06, 1972).

 The disadvantages of the known thresher are significant grain losses during threshing of cobs of various diameters, as well as the fact that the known thresher does not provide grain cleaning from extraneous impurities of rods, pieces of crushed rods. To clean grain from impurities, it is necessary to use additional grain cleaning machines, which is associated with an additional energy consumption.

 Also known laboratory corn thresher containing spring-loaded in a vertical plane threshing rollers rotating relative to the horizontal axis. The cobs pass into the gap between the rollers and are threshed by the latter during their rotation (A.S. USSR N 622443, class A 01 F 11/06, 1976).

 The disadvantages of this thresher are losses with a mallet, as well as the impossibility of cleaning grain from impurities. To clean grain from impurities, it is necessary to use special grain cleaning machines, which is associated with additional energy costs.

 Also known is a corn thresher containing a support with a vertical axis and several rollers rotating at different speeds inside the support. The longitudinal axis of each roller is directed at an acute angle to the vertical axis of the support. Each roller has several protrusions on the outer surface, which carry out the peeling of the grains from the ears of corn (US patent N 4201227, CL A 01 F 11/06, 1980).

 A disadvantage of the known thresher is that it does not provide cleaning of the milled grain from impurities, as a result of which it is necessary to use additional grain cleaning machines. The use of grain cleaning machines requires additional human and energy resources.

 Also known is a thresher for ears of corn, containing a conical stator and a conical rotor located in it with an annular gap, which can be installed opposite the stator using organs for axial movement. The thresher has a screen for separating the grain from the rods and a conveyor for removing grain (French patent N 2542159, CL A 01 F 11/06, 1984). A disadvantage of the known thresher is the insufficiently complete separation of the threshed grain from the particles of the rods commensurate with the threshed grain, as a result of which, for more complete cleaning of the grain, it is necessary to use additional grain cleaning machines, and, therefore, additionally spend energy resources and attract people to service grain cleaning machines.

 Known laboratory corn thresher containing threshing organs and placed under the discharge window of the thresher grain tank, divided by a lattice into the upper and lower parts, which on the opposite walls have holes with hinged covers (A.S. USSR N 1068066, class A 01 F 11 / 06, 1982).

 In the known thresher, the threshed grain is separated from the cobs, but the grain is not completely separated from those impurities that do not exceed the size of the grain in size, and therefore special machines must be used to completely clean the grain from impurities, which provide not only mechanical , but also pneumatic cleaning of grain from impurities. This is due to the fact that the well-known thresher is intended for threshing the selection material of corn, and the threshed grain is a seed material and must be cleaned not only of pieces of rods, but also of such light impurities as sepals, husks, etc., as in the future this grain is sown with pneumatic precision sowing machines and the presence of impurities in the grain leads to sticking of the holes of the sowing discs and poor-quality sowing of breeding material.

 The use of special grain cleaning machines is associated with additional energy costs, as well as the involvement of additional personnel to service these machines.

 Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is a selection corn thresher MSPK-0.5, containing a threshing apparatus, a sieve that is connected through an aspiration channel to a cyclone having a fan and a hopper (see the Manual on mechanization of selection and seed production / State agro-industry of the USSR, Department of mechanization and electrification, All-Union Research Institute of Mechanization.-M. 1988. S. 63-65 prototype /).

 A disadvantage of the known device, adopted as a prototype, is the complexity of the service, especially with a large number of threshed selection samples. The specified disadvantage is due to the following reasons. In the known device for carrying out the movement of threshed material under the action of gravity, the working bodies are arranged sequentially vertically in the following order: threshing machine sieve collectors of grain and rods. This arrangement of the working bodies leads to the fact that the threshed grain is collected in a container located in the lower part of the grind. As a result of this, for unloading the grain collector, the operator, after threshing each portion (or ears) of the selection material, has to bend down to pour the grain into the bags. When threshing hundreds of samples, this work is very tiring for the operator. The introduction of an additional conveying organ complicates the design of the thresher and creates the preconditions for sorting mixing of breeding material.

 To reduce the complexity and improve working and maintenance conditions, the known thresher containing a threshing apparatus, a sieve that is connected through a suction channel to a cyclone having a fan and a hopper, according to the invention, is equipped with a valve and a thrust, and the bottom of the cyclone is made in the form of a rotary damper with a lever moreover, the valve is located in the upper part of the cyclone and is installed on one of the ends of the thrust, its other end is kinematically connected with the lever of the valve, while on the thrust on each side of the valve is mounted a thrust limiter , one of which is located on the upper end surface of the valve, and the other with a gap under its lower surface with the possibility of movement along the rod and fixing on it, in addition, the sieve is made with the possibility of rotation on the suction channel.

 In addition, a thread is made at the upper end of the rod, and each travel stop is made in the form of a washer.

 Thanks to this embodiment of the proposed thresher, a new technical solution is laid in its design, and, in particular, in its system for cleaning grain from light impurities, not only for transporting light impurities, but also for transporting the whole product of threshing grain, pieces of rods, light impurities. In this case, the suction channel turns into a pneumatic conveying working body of all the material, and not just light impurities. This ensures that the threshing products rise from the lowest point of the thresher to the required height for the operator to work. The cyclone in this device performs not only the function of precipitating light impurities, but also serves to collect grain. At the same time, high-quality pneumatic cleaning of threshed material is carried out. When unloading grain from a cyclone, a two-stage operation of pneumatic cleaning is provided. When the discharge bottom is rotated by a certain angle, the thrust rises, but due to the presence of some of its free movement (clearance A in the drawing) in the air valve, the latter does not work at this stage. The grain begins to precipitate from the cyclone, and air rushes into the gap between the bottom of the cyclone and the body inside the cyclone and purifies the grain, both passing into the gap between the bottom and the cyclone body, and inside the cyclone. With further unloading of grain, it goes into a state of pneumatic liquefaction in a cyclone and for its final unloading it is necessary to open the air valve. This is achieved by moving the rod with the lower limiter up when opening the bottom of the cyclone, since the rod is connected to the bottom.

 Since the lower limiter is mounted on the traction with the ability to move and fix, the gap A can be adjusted depending on the degree of contamination of the threshed material.

 It is clear that for transporting grain, the air velocity in the pneumatic system should be significantly higher than just in the suction channel. The speed of the rods is slightly lower than the speed of the grain. Therefore, the proposed thresher provides grain cleaning from small pieces of rods that have passed through the sieve cleaning. Along with this, fatigue of maintenance personnel is reduced due to the location of the grain tank at a height convenient for unloading.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

 The proposed thresher comprises a housing 1 with a loading rotary funnel 2 provided with a handle 3. A threshing drum 4 with a concave 5 and a rotary sieve 6 located under them with a control handle 7 and a hinged rear wall 8 are installed in the housing. The housing 1 is equipped with a discharge tray 9 of the rods adjacent to the rear wall 8 of the sieve 6. Under the sieve 6 there is a grain receiver 10, which is connected through the suction channel 11 to the cyclone 12 for collecting threshed grain. The cyclone 12 is in communication with a fan 13, on the output pipe of which a fabric tank is fixed 14. The cyclone 12 has an unloading bottom in the form of a rotary damper 15 with a lever and is equipped in the upper part with an air valve 16, which is connected to the lever of the damper 15 by means of a rod 17. The rod 17 is installed with the possibility of free movement relative to the valve 16 at a distance A, for which one end 18 of the rod 17 is passed through the valve 16 into the cyclone 12. On the rod 17 above the upper end surface of the valve 16 is rigidly mounted limiter 19 in the form of shafts which is adjacent to the valve 16 with the shutter 15 of the cyclone 12 closed. At the end 18 of the rod 17 located inside the cyclone 12 at a distance A from the surface of the valve 16, a limiter 20 for moving the rod 17 is installed. The limiter 20 is mounted for movement and fixing along the end section 18, for which the latter is made with a thread, and the limiter is made with a threaded hole. The limiter 20 is also made in the form of a washer, as is the limiter 19. To control the distance A, which determines the freedom of movement of the rod 17 relative to the valve 16, the limiter 20 can be moved along the end section 18 of the rod 17, rotating it clockwise or counterclockwise around the end section 18.

 The thresher works as follows. The ear is placed in the rotary funnel 2. With the handle 3, the funnel 2 is rotated relative to the rotary axis, the ear falls onto the drum 4 and is pulled into the working slot between the drum 41 and the concave 5, in which it is threshed. The threshed grain and the rods fall onto the rotary sieve 6, which is rotated by the handle 7 to the angle that provides the slope of the rods, while the back wall 8 opens and the rods from the sieve 6 roll into the tray 9, through which they are removed from the thresher. Grain with small impurities enters the grain receiver 10, from which it is transported through the suction channel 11 to the cyclone 12. After threshing one or several ears of the selection sample, the shutter 15 of the cyclone 12 is slightly rotated and grain is sent from the cyclone 12 to the container into the formed gap. At the same time, atmospheric air bursts into the same slot, which separates small impurities from the grain, which are sucked off by the fan 13 into the container 14. When the shutter 15 is turned, the thrust 17 connected to it moves up a certain distance without opening the valve 16, i.e., a gap is selected And between the limiter 20 and the lower end of the valve 16. For the final unloading of seeds from the cyclone 12, the bottom 15 is rotated by a larger angle, while the rod 17 moves upward, completely choosing the gap A, the limiter 20 presses the lower end surface the valve 16 and lifts it up, allowing atmospheric air to enter the cyclone 12. The grain is completely unloaded from the cyclone 12 and it is cleaned of small impurities into the container 14. After the discharge process is completed, the shutter 15 closes, the rod 17 moves down and the valve 19 returns the valve 16 to the starting position. The thresher is ready to thresh the next portion of the breeding material. Depending on the state of the threshed material, weediness, humidity, etc. the clearance A can be increased or decreased by rotating the stop 20 around the end portion 18 of the rod 17 clockwise or counterclockwise.

 The proposed thresher provides improved working conditions for staff, as a result of which labor productivity is increased by 20%. At the same time, the quality of cleaning the milled grain from impurities increases.

Claims (2)

 1. A thresher for threshing breeding grain, containing a threshing apparatus, a sieve, which is connected through a suction channel to a cyclone having a fan, and a hopper, characterized in that it is equipped with a valve and a thrust, and the bottom of the cyclone is made in the form of a rotary damper with a lever, the valve is located in the upper part of the cyclone and is installed at one of the ends of the thrust, its other end is kinematically connected with the damper lever, while on the thrust on each side of the valve a thrust limiter is mounted, one of which is located on the upper Ortsevo surface of the valve and the other with a gap under the lower surface movable along the rods and fixing thereon the sieve is rotatable over a suction channel.  2. A thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that a thread is made at the upper end of the thrust, and each travel stop is made in the form of a washer.