RU20813U1 - COMBINED SOIL PROCESSING UNIT - Google Patents

Description

Combined Tillage

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to tools for surface tillage.

Known combined tillage unit - soil leveler, containing a tow hitch connected to a frame formed by transverse and longitudinal beams, two kinds of working bodies attached to the frame, located in series along the center line of the tillage unit. The working bodies are leveling corners installed in several rows, as well as a spring harrow (Agricultural machinery for intensive technologies catalog, M .: AgroNIITEITO, 1988, p. 39-40).

A disadvantage of the known device is a narrow scope - this unit is intended for pre-sowing alignment of the field microrelief with simultaneous harrowing of the soil. However, it is not suitable for leveling coarse and compacted soil, as it relates to light aggregates that are used for processing only ripe, friable soil.

The technical result of the invention is to expand the capabilities of the unit by performing more operations in one pass: leveling the relief of the field; loosening to various depths depending on the type of industrial crop intended for sowing; destruction of lumps with simultaneous rolling of the surface soil layer, while the degree of rolling can be adjusted. The proposed unit is operable on different types of soils, both during the autumn leveling of the soil and during the pre-sowing preparation of the soil for almost all industrial crops.

beams attached to the frame working bodies located sequentially along the center line of the tillage unit. The working bodies are a comb-cutting beam, a tooth harrow and a section packer roller. The comb-cutting beam is installed at an acute angle to the horizon line with the possibility of adjusting its height above the soil level. The tooth harrow is made four-row with the ability to control the length of the teeth. The packer roller is made rotary-lamellar and consists of three sections attached to the frame articulated by means of ridges, with the middle section located behind with a partial overlap of the outer sections. The unit can be optionally equipped with markers attached to the frame.

The drawing schematically shows a General view of the unit in assembled form.

The combined tillage unit contains a frame 1, which is a rigid welded structure of transverse and longitudinal beams, fastened with plates in the middle part of the frame. On the frame of the frame, in its central part, a three-point hitch 2 is fixed, by means of which the unit is attached to the tractor. In front of the frame at an angle of 45 °. to the horizon line on the brackets 3, a comb-cutting beam 4 is fastened with a bolt connection, consisting of wooden bars, edged with metal corners for strength. The comb-cutting beam is installed with the possibility of regulating its height above the soil level. The transverse beams of the frame form a four-row harrow 5. By means of a bolted connection 6, straight round teeth 7 are mounted on the beams, mounted in a schachty order. With the possibility of regulating their length (from 5 to 15 cm) depending on the required depth of loosening of the soil. Behind the harrow 5, sections of the rotor-plate roller 8 are placed, which are fastened to the harrow frame using guides 10 by means of load-bearing ridges 10. The middle section of the roller is mounted on a longer bed behind the extreme sections, and its length is 1.2 - 1.3 times longer the lengths of the outer sections to achieve guaranteed overlap of the tillage zones. Each section of the roller consists of rings 11 mounted on the axis of the ring, to which metal plates 12 are welded to the rib, forming the working bodies of the roller.

To control the straightness of the course and prevent the passage of untreated sections of soil, the unit can additionally be equipped with two markers (not shown in the drawing), which are mounted on the frame in front of the comb-cutting beam. The marker is a stand with a paw, mounted on a metal corner or bar. Raising and lowering the markers is carried out by the hydraulic drive of the tractor.

The work of the combined tillage unit is as follows.

The unit is attached to the tractor by means of a three-point hitch 2. Raising and lowering the unit to the working position is carried out using the hydraulic system of the tractor. Tillage is carried out at an angle of 30 - 35 ° relative to the direction of the previous treatment. At the beginning of the tractor's working passage through the field, the implement is lowered into a floating position. Markers installed in the rut or in the center of the tractor allow you to control the straight course of the implement and tillage without missing individual sections. When the unit moves along the field, the comb-cutting beam 4, installed at a certain height, cuts off the protruding irregularities of the soil and moves them to the nearest depressions, leveling the relief of the field. Then the teeth of the four-row harrow 5 destroy large clods, loosen the soil to a predetermined depth and remove weed rhizomes from it. Next, the three sections of the rotor-plate roller 8, freely rolling and repeating the relief of the field, additionally destroy the lumps and roll the soil, keeping moisture in it. The degree of rolling can be adjusted by moving the fingers in the holes of the guides 10 of the bearing ridges 9. At the end of the passage, the unit is transferred to the transport position by means of a hydraulic system. Having made a loop rotation and lowering the unit, the tractor

carries out the next working pass.

The use of a combined tillage unit for autumn field leveling and for pre-sowing tillage allows you to perform several agricultural practices in one pass of the tractor, reducing labor and fuel costs. The unit is applicable on light soils, on compacted, coarse-grained and even soils floating in the spring. After a single pass at an angle to plowing, the surface layer of the soil acquires a finely crumpled structure, which corresponds to the agrotechnical requirements for the operations performed.

The proposed combined unit is applicable in agriculture for soil preparation in the autumn-spring period under the early spring, sunflower, corn and other industrial crops both in collective and in farms.

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Claims (5)

1. Combined tillage unit comprising a towing device connected to a frame formed by transverse and longitudinal beams, working bodies attached to the frame, arranged sequentially along the center line of the tillage unit, characterized in that the working bodies are a comb-cutting beam, a tooth harrow and a section rolling roller .  2. The combined tillage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb-cutting beam is installed at an acute angle to the horizon with the possibility of adjusting its height above the soil level.  3. The combined tillage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the tooth harrow is made four-row with the ability to control the length of the teeth.  4. The combined tillage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the packer roller is rotary-lamellar and consists of three sections pivotally attached to the frame by means of ridges, the middle section being located behind with a partial overlap of the outer sections. 5. The combined tillage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with markers attached to the frame.