RU2078884C1 - Method of monolithic building erection and movable framework for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, method is used for erection of multistory monolithic buildings. SUBSTANCE: method of monolithic building erection provides for simultaneous concreting of vertical carrying structures (walls, mines) and plates of floors/ceilings with following lifting of plates by their supporting on vertical carrying structures and fixation at height of each tier. In the case plates are used one by one or by groups in one pack. Each following plate is concreted on previously shaped plate. Plates of floor/ceiling joining vertical carrying structures is both hinged and rigid. Formwork of the method erection has jack frames provided with catches located on lower ends of poles for floor/ceiling plates hooking. Main hydraulic poles mounted in girders of jack frames are used to move formwork to above laying tier with synchronous lifting of floor/ceiling plates. Jack frame upper part has auxiliary poles-stops used for movable formwork structure resupporting on carrying "forced" formwork shields. EFFECT: improved process, increased productivity. 3 cl, 12 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction and can be used in the construction of multi-storey monolithic buildings.

 A known method of building a building with a bearing shaft by raising floors and overlapping (1), including the installation of foundations, installation of columns of a building, mounting a platform with a crane, manufacturing a package of floor slabs, installing formwork for a bearing shaft, concreting a shaft with subsequent installation of a package for floors with a crane mounted on a platform supported by additional columns.

 The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of creating monolithic joints between floors and vertical supporting structures, as well as the limited technological capabilities of the method due to the fact that the known method does not allow the construction of buildings with load-bearing walls.

 A known method of erecting buildings, providing for the shaping of each subsequent floor slab on the underlying floor (2), "A method of erecting floor slabs comprising concreting the floor of the next floor on the underlying slab, using it as a formwork, followed by lifting the molded floor slab by means of a pneumatic shell.

 The disadvantage of this method is the limited technological capabilities due to the fact that the method does not include the construction of vertical load-bearing structures of the building (walls, columns, shafts).

 Known climbing formwork (3), including formwork panels pivotally connected to the support frames, jack frames equipped with jacks and stops fixed on the inner parts of the crossbars of the support frames.

 The disadvantages of the known formwork is that it does not provide devices for lifting the floor elements.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the proposed invention is a method of erecting a monolithic building and movable formwork for its implementation (4).

 The known method includes the installation of formwork, reinforcing and concreting walls and floors with the creation of monolithic nodes connecting the floor to the walls, folding the floor formwork and moving it to the next floor simultaneously with the lifting of the wall formwork.

 The movable formwork for erecting a monolithic building contains wall formwork, circular trusses, a lifting and fixing device in the form of hydroracks and cantilever stops, shuttering shuttering boards equipped with tie rods for securing the shields located in the racks of the jack frames.

The disadvantages of this method include the following:
the method does not allow to erect buildings of a frame structural system, which narrows its technological capabilities;
the need to use shuttering formwork increases the volume of formwork equipment;
the presence of an opening in the ceiling to transfer the formwork to the next tier and the cells from the cantilever stops reduce the quality of the molded structures and increase the complexity of the construction of the building;
lifting equipment (hydraulic stands) according to the known method does not work very rationally, since it does not participate in the transportation of the materials that make up the publication.

 To move concrete and reinforcement, additional mechanisms (crane) are used, water stands are only involved in the movement of formwork, which reduces the efficiency of energy use.

The disadvantages of movable formwork include the following:
the design of the formwork does not allow the construction of frame-type buildings, which narrows its technological capabilities;
the presence of slab formwork increases the volume of all formwork equipment;
known movable formwork is not involved in the transportation of building elements and the materials of which it consists, which reduces the efficiency of its use in terms of energy consumption;
the presence of cantilever stops, transmitting the load on the walls at an angle, complicates the design of the formwork. The slab formwork, articulated in half, is also complex.

 The aim of the invention is the expansion of technological capabilities, reducing the volume of formwork equipment, simplifying the design of movable formwork due to the efficient use of lifting mechanisms.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting a monolithic building, including the installation of formwork, reinforcing and concreting vertical structures and floors, followed by monolithic nodes of their articulation, the transfer of formwork to a higher tier by means of hydraulic struts and its subsequent fixation to form vertical structures, according to the invention, each the subsequent overlap is molded on the previous one with the simultaneous concreting of vertical structures, the molded overlap is attached to the suspension nym formwork elements and raise it by means of hydraulic transfer with simultaneous shuttering for overlying tier.

 Formwork during concreting of vertical structures is re-tested on the ceiling, fixed during the lifting process to the formwork elements, while it is used as a working floor.

 When concreting vertical structures, formwork is shifted to formwork panels in their lower part in contact with the embedded pin embedded in the vertical supporting structure.

 Floor slabs are concreted in one package at the foundation level, or in groups on floor slabs installed in the intermediate part of the building by its height, and the slabs are lifted by means of movable formwork installed in the upper part of the building, or on any intermediate tier.

 In a movable formwork for the erection of a monolithic building, including formwork panels for forming vertical structures, equipped with a mechanism for tearing and removing them from the formed structure, jack frames combined by circular trusses, lifting and fixing devices in the form of hydraulic racks, suspension devices located in the racks of jack frames , according to the invention, the suspension devices are equipped with grippers for engaging the anchors, or rods, on which the floor slabs are suspended, and the jack frame racks are are equipped in the lower part with support heels interacting with the floor slab when formwork is reshaped onto it.

 The formwork panels located opposite the jack frame are made reinforced with the possibility of reshaping the movable formwork on them with a suspended floor slab, and the jack frames are equipped with stops, for example, in the form of hydraulic cylinders in contact with the upper edge of the boards in the process of reshaping, and the boards are equipped with devices for interacting with embedded pins embedded in the body of the vertical structure of the building.

In FIG. 1 5 shows the sequence of work of the movable formwork according to the main version of the method:
in FIG. 1 formwork rests on the foundation; the process of concreting vertical construction and flooring
in FIG. 2 formwork in the process of lifting with the support on a vertical structure; the overlap is brought to the design mark;
In FIG. 3 shows the nodes of the articulation of the ceiling with a vertical structure;
in FIG. 4 formwork in the process of concreting the next tier of the vertical structure and forming the next plate;
in FIG. 5 formwork during the ascent to the next tier;
in FIG. 6 8 shows the sequence of operation of the movable formwork according to an additional variant of the method:
in FIG. 6 is the same as in FIG. one; in the upper part of the formwork, a clip for the plug pin is installed;
in FIG. 7 formwork in the process of erecting a vertical structure on the 3rd tier; resuscitation is carried out on the embedded pin; concreting of two intermediate floor slabs is carried out on the foundation;
in FIG. 8 formwork in the process of lifting to the next tier with the simultaneous lifting of the intermediate plate; the main floor slab is installed at the level of the third ethane and it is concreted with the next intermediate slabs 4, 5 tiers;
in FIG. 9 shows a movable formwork in the stage of bearing on a vertical structure;
in FIG. 10 the same, in the version with the support on the embedded pin;
in FIG. 11 version of the supporting formwork for concrete columns; plan view;
in FIG. 12 version of the bearing formwork for concreting walls and stiffness cores;
The movable formwork for concrete casting of a monolithic building contains a jack frame, including a crossbar 1 and racks 2, on top of the jack frame are joined by a circular truss 3 and stiffeners 4. In the crossbar 1 is mounted a lifting hydrostand 5, equipped with a supporting heel 6. The shuttering boards 7, designed for molding vertical structures 8, columns, walls and stiffening cores, both supporting and self-supporting, are suspended from the uprights 2 by means of hydraulic cylinders 9 (only their axes are shown in the drawings).

 Formwork panels 7 can be made reinforced, capable of absorbing the load from the entire formwork loaded with floor slab 10.

 To reshape the movable formwork on the shields 7, stops 11 are provided that extend onto the inside of the jack frames and are made, for example, in the form of hydraulic cylinders located in the plane of the shields 7 installed in the working position.

 In the lower part of the uprights 2 there is a support heel 12, which transfers the load from the formwork to the ceiling when supported. Inside the racks 2, suspension devices 13 are provided for gripping the anchors 14, on which the floor slab 10 or rods 15 are suspended. An assembly platform 16 (Fig. 10) can be suspended on the same anchors in the embodiment of erecting vertical structures (without the floor slab.

 Shuttering boards 7 for concreting columns form a rigid closed box by connecting them together by means of fastening devices 17.

 When erecting walls and stiffening cores, reinforced formwork panels 7 (Fig. 12) can be used, equipped with holes 18 designed to pass the embedded pins in the form of a screw tightening 19. The same holes can be used during concreting to fix the metal cage 20 (Fig. 10) designed to insert a pin into it in the form of a support plate 21.

 Reinforced shuttering boards 7 are made of steel with strong ribs 22 along the contour and along the axis of the stop 11.

 The remaining formwork panels can be lightweight, including with a deck of wood and plastic.

 The construction of the building by means of movable formwork according to the main embodiment is carried out in the following sequence.

 First, perform the base, in particular the foundation plate 23 (Fig. 1). Jacking frames are mounted on the foundation along the axes of the vertical structures and the movable formwork is mounted. After the formwork is installed in the design position, the vertical structures 8 and the floor slab are reinforced and concreted 10, and the clips 24 are installed in advance, connected to the reinforcement 25, put into the clips of the anchors 14, thus forming the docking unit 26.

 A temporary gasket (not shown) is installed from the end of the plate, through which the anchor outlets 27 are passed.

 At the end of the set of concrete strength, the shields 7 are removed from the surface of the structure 8 by means of hydraulic cylinders 9 and raise the movable formwork to the next tier (Fig. 2), dragging the slab 10 behind it, bring it to the design mark (until the bottom of the slab 10 coincides with the upper edge vertical structure 8), while the movable formwork is supported by a hydraulic stand 5 on the upper edge of the vertical structure.

 Next, the formwork is fixed in this position, the reinforcing outlets 27 of the adjacent floor slabs are joined with the reinforcing insert 28, the formwork 29 is installed from below and the joint 30 is monolithic, accelerating the hardening of concrete at the joint 30 by known methods.

 At the end of the hardening of concrete, the hydraulic stand 5 is raised to the upper position, transferring the weight of the formwork to the floor 10 through the supporting heel 12. Previously, the anchor 14 is released from engagement with the slab 10, and a new cage 24 is inserted under the heel 12 of the rack 2 with an anchor 14. Shields 7 set in the design position, cover the floor slab 10 with a release agent, reinforce the vertical structure and the next floor slab, install a gasket 31 that protects the concrete mixture 32 from leakage from the floor to the cavity between the formwork shields 7, and concreting the vertical structure and the next floor slab, while filling the hole 33 formed in concrete by the supporting heel 6.

 At the end of the set of concrete strength, repeat the operation of lifting the formwork and terminating the junction of the plates to the vertical structure.

 In addition to the main version of the construction of the building, there are a number of additional ones, which in some cases may be more appropriate.

 For example, it is possible that the floors are erected in stages. First, the main floor slab is made 10. It is raised to a certain tier, for example, to the third, while the movable formwork together with the slab 10 is re-mounted on the base plates 21 inserted into the cages 20, which are laid into the formwork during concreting (Fig. 6, 10 ), vertical design.

 At the same time, two intermediate plates 34.35 are made on the foundation, which are lifted by means of a movable formwork installed on the third tier or at the very top at the end of the building’s erection and are supported articulated using the supporting plates 21, while the two subsequent intermediate plates are molded based on slab 10. Thus, in this embodiment, the main floor slabs will have a rigid connection with vertical structures, and the intermediate slabs are hinged.

 It is possible to erect vertical load-bearing structures, such as columns, to the entire height with the simultaneous manufacture of floor slabs on the foundation in one package with their subsequent lifting.

 In this case (Fig. 10, 11), the movable formwork is re-mounted on the support plates 21 through the stops 11 and the formwork boards 7, and the working floor 16 is fixed to the anchors 14. Then, the anchors 14 are replaced by rods 15, by means of which the floor slabs are lifted from the foundation to design marks. The openings in the plates are framed with metal collars of known designs. The plates rest on the support plates 21.

 If it is necessary to erect vertical structures in the form of trunks or walls (elevators) through the proposed formwork, it is advisable to use mortgage pins in the form of screw puffs 19 for grinding, by which the shuttering supporting shields 7 are screwed with the lower part to the bearing wall of the shaft or elevator, fixing the formwork in the process concrete laying.

 Thus, the goal is fully implemented.

 The technological capabilities of the method of erecting movable formwork are expanding, since it allows the erection of buildings and structures of various design schemes (frame, barrel, with load-bearing walls) both with ceilings and without them.

 The volume of molding equipment is reduced, because formwork is not required to form the floor.

 The design of the formwork is simplified, since there is no need for a complex and bulky formwork of the floor. The energy efficiency is increased, since the formwork lifting operations can be combined with the lifting of floor slabs, and hydrostations, in addition to lifting the formwork equipment, will be used for partial vertical transportation of building elements, in particular floor slabs.

Claims (3)

 1. The method of erecting a monolithic building, including the installation of formwork panels with hanging devices, reinforcing, concrete concrete of vertical structures and floors, followed by monolithic nodes of their connections, moving the formwork to the upper floor using the main and auxiliary hydraulic stands, followed by fixing the formwork, characterized in that the overlap the first floor is molded on the foundation slab, and the overlap of each next floor is formed on the overlap of the previous floor when concreting vertical structures of this floor, and when the molded structures reach the formwork strength, the formwork panels are diverted from the molded surface and the molded ceiling is attached to the formwork pendant devices, the ceiling is raised together with the vertical formwork panels using the main hydraulic struts resting on the erected vertical structure, the molded ceiling is installed , and after monolithic connection nodes, the formwork is supported on this overlap when IAOD vertical structures and overlap the next floor.  2. Movable formwork for the erection of a monolithic building, including formwork panels for forming vertical structures with a tear-off mechanism and removal of panels from the molded structure, jack frames combined with circle trusses, lifting and fixing devices in the form of hydraulic racks, suspension devices located in the racks of jack frames shuttering shuttering boards, characterized in that the jack frame racks are equipped with support heels for interacting with the slab when the formwork is copied onto it, and the suspension The fixtures are made with anchors for gripping molded ceilings, while the jack frames are equipped with stops contacting the upper edge of the boards when the formwork is backed up against the formwork panels of vertical structures.  3. The formwork according to claim 2, characterized in that the formwork panels of the vertical structures are made reinforced, located along the contour and along the axis of the stops, with ribs for interaction with the embedded pins concreted in the vertical structures of the lower floor.

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