RU2072958C1 - Load gripping device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: materials and transportation. SUBSTANCE: gripping device has main hollow cylinder 1 with projections in upper and lower portions, main ring holder 8 with inner ring slot 9 and outer ring recess 10, additional hollow cylinder 4 with projection in upper portion for engagement with projection of cylinder 1 and additional ring holder 11. Additional cylinder is installed inside main cylinder coaxially with the latter. Additional ring holder 11 has thrust flange 12 for engagement with thrust flange 5 of cylinder. Main ring holder 8 installed coaxially with cylinder 1 encloses its lower portion, being fixed relative to cylinder by means of gripping members in form of balls 3 placed in conical channels 2 made in cylinder 1. Channels 2 taper in direction of main vertical axis of gripping device. Additional ring holder 11 encloses cylinder 1. Holder 11 is installed for fixing relative to main ring holder by means of fixing member. Ring groove 30 made on outer surface of additional hollow cylinder 4 provides relative fixing of additional hollow cylinder 4, cylinder 1 and main ring holder 9 which is provided with recess 10 on its outer side surface for relative fixing of main ring holder 8 and holder 11. Gripping device can be furnished with upper and lower frames 27 and 28, respectively, installed on outer side surfaces for relative engagement. Member to be suspended from hook is provided in upper portion of holder 11. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 8 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to lifting and handling equipment, namely, gripping devices for cargo.

 Known gripping device for goods having pins with a figured head (AS USSR N 867844, class B 66 C 1/66, 1979), containing a hollow cylinder with radial holes, ball gripping elements installed in the holes covering the cylinder an annular yoke mounted at the level of the holes and mounted on the cylinder with the possibility of limited longitudinal movement, the lower end of the yoke made with an internal bore, the core mounted in the cylinder with the possibility of longitudinal movement and overlapping the specified opening thium in the upper position of the cage, while at the lower end of the core a recess is made, the shape of which corresponds to the profile of the figured head of the load pin.

 The disadvantages of this device are the need for the device to have electricity; limited functionality of the device.

 The closest in technical essence is a gripping device for goods, containing a main hollow cylinder with protrusions in the upper and lower parts, a main annular ring coaxial to it, having an annular bore on the inner surface and covering the lower part of the main hollow cylinder with the possibility of their mutual fixation by means of balls, installed in the channels made in the wall of the main hollow cylinder tapering in the direction of the main vertical axis in the form of a truncated cone, installed inside the bases hollow cylinder coaxially with it an additional hollow cylinder with a protrusion on the surface interacting with the upper protrusion of the main hollow cylinder, covering the main hollow cylinder an additional annular ring made with a flange interacting with the protrusion of the main hollow cylinder, the mechanism for mutual fixation of the main and additional annular rings and an element for hanging on a hook (see AS USSR N 2009100, class B 66 C 1/66, 1990).

 The disadvantages of this device are the limited functionality for capturing and transporting any cargo, for example, without eyebrows.

 The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device by providing the capture and transportation of any cargo.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the gripping device for goods on the outer surface of the additional hollow cylinder, an annular groove is made, interacting with the balls installed in the grooves of the wall of the main hollow cylinder with the possibility of mutual fixation of the main and additional hollow cylinders and the main annular cage, and the mechanism of mutual fixation the main and additional annular rings made in the form of an annular groove on the outer side surface of the main annular ring and spring-loaded balls placed in the wall of the additional annular cage and interacting with the annular groove of the outer surface of the main annular cage, and the gripping device is provided with upper and lower frames connected to each other by at least two latches and rigidly mounted on the outer side surfaces respectively in it on the outer surface of the additional hollow cylinder, the upper additional annular holder, the lower additional hollow cylinder, and the hanging element on the hook is installed in the upper part of the additional ring holder.

 In addition, the latch is made mechanical.

 Further, on the inner surface of the lower frame, cone-shaped guides are made under the rods of the cargo to be captured, and the latch is made in the form of a rod pivotally connected to the upper frame and pivotally connected to it, located in the coaxial holes made in the lower frame with the possibility of interaction with the captured cargo ring.

 According to the invention, the latch can be made in the form of a two-shouldered lever, one arm pivotally mounted on one of the frames, and the other shoulder connected to another frame.

 In addition, the connection of the other shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever with another frame can be made in the form of a slot on the said frame and a pin on the said lever, interacting with the said slot.

 The aforementioned connection of the other shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever with another frame can also be made in the form of an intermediate element pivotally connected with the said shoulder and frame.

 In the proposed invention, the upper and lower frames can be configured to contact each other with their side surfaces, and the latch is made in the form of a cone-shaped channel in one of the frames in the region of its mentioned contacting side surface, inclined with its apex downward to the vertical axis of the device, and a slot in another frame, as well as a ball placed in said channel and interacting with said slot.

 In addition, the latch in the device may contain a finger, a spring, one end rigidly fixed to the upper frame, and the other pivotally connected to the aforementioned finger rack, made in the lower frame of the guide channel and communicating figured recess, the rack is located in the guide channel, finger in a figured recess, and the spring is located between the said frames with the coverage of the said rack.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a device with an embodiment of a locking mechanism in the form of a kinematic assembly made on the basis of a rod and a pin; in FIG. 2.3 embodiment of the locking mechanism in the form of a kinematic assembly made on the basis of a two-shouldered lever; figure 4 7 - embodiments of the locking mechanism based on the gripping elements; in FIG. 8 embodiment of a locking mechanism based on a rod assembly.

 The gripping device for goods contains the main hollow cylinder 1. In the lower part of the main hollow cylinder 1, conical channels 2 are made in its walls, arranged obliquely relative to the horizontal axis and directed downward with their vertices tapering in the direction of the main vertical axis of the gripping device, in which gripping elements 3, made in the form of balls, designed for mutual fixation of the main hollow cylinder 1 and the additional hollow cylinder 4 located inside the latter.

 The main hollow cylinder 1 has a stop flange 5, a support end 6 and a ledge 7 on its outer side surface. On the outer surface of the main hollow cylinder 1 is placed coaxially with it and covering its main annular ring 8 with an inner annular slot 9 and an outer annular recess 10.

 The main ring clip 8 is designed to lock in the working position of the gripping elements 3 and to ensure their movement in the idle position, because when the annular slot 9 coincides with the conical channels 2.

 The main hollow cylinder 1 is equipped with an additional annular cage 11 with a stop flange 12, designed to interact with the stop flange 5 of the main hollow cylinder 1, and a support flange 13.

 In the walls of the additional annular cage 11, for example, in its support flange 13, threaded blind holes 14 with walls 15 are arranged equally circumferentially, in which through conical channels 16 are made with outlet openings 17 with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the balls 18, which act as gripping elements and are located in conical channels 16.

 Plugs 19 are screwed into the threaded holes 14, each of which has a flange and a blind hole 20, in which a spring 21 is located, abutting one end against the ball 18 and the other against the wall of the blind hole 20.

 Washers 22 of various thicknesses can be located between the flanges of the plugs 19 and the additional annular ferrule 11 to control the torque of the spring 21.

 On top of the additional annular yoke 11 is attached in any known manner, for example using bolts 23, the cover 24 is secured to it in any known manner, for example using a lock connection and a pin, an earring 25, which serves as a hanging element on the hook of the lifting mechanism.

 On the outer surface of the additional annular ring 11 with an emphasis in its supporting flange 13 is fixed in any known manner, for example, using bolts 26, the upper frame 27, and the lower frame 28 is fixed in any known manner, for example using bolts 29, on the outer side surface of the additional hollow cylinder 4.

 The shapes of the upper frame 27 and the lower frame 28 can be very different, for example rectangular, round, etc. depending on the shape of the goods.

 The designs of the upper frame 27 and the lower frame 28 can be made as one-piece, prefabricated, welded, etc. so in their possible combination.

 On the outer side surface of the additional hollow cylinder 4 there is an annular recess 30 for the balls 3, while the support ring 31 is mounted on the additional hollow cylinder 4, for example, by means of screws 32 and is intended to support the main hollow cylinder 1 and the main annular ring 8 in the lower position . In the upper part of the additional hollow cylinder 4, for example, by means of a threaded connection, a flange 33 is mounted, which is designed to stop the main hollow cylinder 1 in the upper position and to interface with the additional annular ring 11 on its inner surface.

 The main hollow cylinder 1 and the additional hollow cylinder 4, the main hollow cylinder 1 and the additional ring cage 11, the additional ring cage 11 and the additional hollow cylinder 4, the main hollow cylinder 1 and the main ring cage 8, the main ring cage 8 and the additional hollow cylinder 4 are located relative to each other with the possibility of longitudinal limited movement.

 The relative position of the upper frame 27 and the lower frame 28 relative to each other, as well as the capture of cargo, are carried out by means of at least two locking mechanisms, each of which can be made in several versions.

 In the first embodiment, the locking mechanism is made in the form of a kinematic node.

 The kinematic node of the locking mechanism (Fig. 1) may include a rod 34 articulated between each other, which in turn is articulated to the upper frame 27, and a pin 35 located in the coaxial holes 36 and 37 in the lower frame 28. Moreover, on the inner the surface of the lower frame 28 is made conical surface 38, designed for self-orientation of the gripper relative to the eye 39 of the load.

 In addition, the kinematic node of the locking mechanism (Fig. 2 and 3) can be made in the form of a two-shouldered lever 40 by means of a hinge 41 mounted with one shoulder on one of the frames 27 or 28.

 The other arm of the lever 40 is connected to the corresponding frame 28 or 27 by means of (Fig. 2) either a curly slot 42 made in the lower frame 28 and a pin 43 of the lever 40, or (Fig. 3) an additional element in the form of a rod 44, pivotally connected to two shoulders lever 40 and the upper frame 27 through hinges 45 and 46.

 In the second embodiment (Fig. 4-7), the locking mechanism is made in the form of gripping elements, which are balls 47 located in conical channels 48 made in one of the frames 27 or 28, which are in contact with each other along their lateral surfaces. Channels 48 are made obliquely relative to the horizontal axis of the gripper and are directed vertices down towards the load. Moreover, in another frame, respectively, 28 or 27 from the side of the channels 48, slots 49 are made, allowing balls 47 in the channels 48 to move limitedly.

 When the upper 27 and lower 28 frames contact, respectively, on their inner and outer side surfaces and when the cone-shaped channels 48 are made in the lower frame 28, either slots 49 are made on the inner surface of the upper frame 27, or a stop 50 is installed in any known manner, for example, using screws 51 (Fig. 4).

 Upon contact of the upper 27 and lower 28 frames, respectively, on their outer and inner side surfaces and when making conical channels 48 in the lower frame 28, and the slot 49 on the outer surface of the upper frame 27 in the lower frame 28, an additional slot 52 is made (Fig. 5).

 In the third embodiment (Fig. 8), the locking mechanism is made in the form of a rod assembly, which is a combination of a strut 53 and a spring 54 located between the frames 27 and 28, covering the strut 53.

 The stand 53 with one end is rigidly fixed to the upper frame 27, for example, by means of a removable flange 55. A pin 57 is mounted on the other end of the stand 53 by a hinge 56, while the stand 53 with the finger 57 are located in the channel 58 formed in the lower frame 28 and communicating with each other and curly notch 59.

 The device operates as follows.

 The gripping device using the earring 25 is hung on the hook of the lifting gear of the lifting and handling equipment.

 In the initial position, the stop flange 5 of the main hollow cylinder 1 abuts against the flange 33 of the additional hollow cylinder 4. In this case, the balls 3 abut against the outer surface of the additional hollow cylinder 4, located above the annular recess 30 of the additional hollow cylinder 4, and the base of the main ring cage 8 rests on top into balls 3.

 The stop flange 12 of the additional annular ring 11 abuts against the stop flange 5 of the main hollow cylinder 1. The main annular ring 8 and the additional ring ring 11 are not interlocked.

 The elements of the locking mechanism for all of the three options for its execution, namely the pin 35, two-arm lever 40, balls 47 and finger 57, providing the taking of the load, are in the position of its adhesion.

 Using the lifting mechanism of the lifting and handling equipment, the gripper is previously oriented relative to the load.

 Then the gripper is lowered to the load until it stops.

 When executing the locking mechanism in the form of a kinematic assembly based on the traction 34 and the pin 35 (Fig. 1), the lower frame 28 is supported by conical surfaces in the load eye 39.

 When performing the locking mechanism in the form of a kinematic assembly based on the two shoulders of the lever 40 (Fig. 2), the lower frame 28 is supported by the lower surface and the shoulder of the lever 40 associated with the lower frame 28, on the load. In this case, the lever 40, when lowering the gripping device under its weight, is rotated relative to the axis 41 to the stop of the shoulder associated with the lower frame 28, in the load.

 When performing the locking mechanism in the form of a kinematic assembly based on the two shoulders of the lever 40 and the additional element in the form of traction 44 (Fig. 3), as well as when performing the locking mechanism on the basis of the gripping elements in the form of balls 47 (Fig.4 7), the lower frame 28 is supported its lower surface into the load.

 With further lowering of the additional annular cage 11 with the associated upper frame 27, interacting with the corresponding elements of the locking mechanism, namely the pin 35, two-arm lever 40, balls 47 and the finger 57 and with the main hollow cylinder 1 to the position of coincidence of the conical channels 2 of the main hollow cylinder 1 with an annular recess 30 of the additional hollow cylinder 4.

 The main ring cage 8 under the action of its own weight is lowered all the way into the support ring 31 of the additional hollow cylinder 4, locking the balls 3 in the annular recess 30 of the additional hollow cylinder 4 and the channels 2 of the main hollow cylinder 1.

 In this position, the elements of the locking mechanism, namely the pin 35 (Fig. 1) is located in the holes 36 and 37 of the lower frame 28, locking the load eyebolts 39; the lever 40 (Fig. 2) is in the engaged position with the load; the lever 40 with an additional element in the form of a rod 44 is not coupled to the load; balls 47 (Fig. 4 7) are in a position ready for engagement with the load; pin 57 (Fig. 8) is in a position ready for engagement with the load.

 In this position, the cargo is ready for transportation and can be lifted and transported.

 After transportation and installation of the cargo at the place of storage, an additional annular cage 11 together with the upper frame 27 and the pin 35 (Fig. 1), axis 41 (Fig. 2), rod 44 (Fig. 3), balls 47 (Fig. 4-7 ) and uprights 53 with fingers 57 (Fig. 8) is lowered to the stop position of the main annular ring 8 in the lower frame 28 or in the flange 33 of the additional hollow cylinder 4 and the position of the balls 18 coincides with the outer ring recess 10 of the main annular ring 8. In this position the main and additional annular clips 8 and 11 are in an engaged state.

 To remove the load from the load, it is necessary to lift the load up by the earring 25 until the main ring cage 8 stops against the ledge 7 of the main hollow cylinder 1, and then lift it all the way into the flange 33 of the additional hollow cylinder 4 and the balls 3 exit from the annular recess 30 of the additional hollow cylinder 4. Upon further lifting of the gripping device, the additional annular yoke 11 is detached from the main annular yoke 8 due to the fact that the adhesion force of the balls 18 to the main annular yoke 8 is less than the gravity he primary ring holder 8, the main hollow cylinder 1 with balls 3, and an additional hollow cylinder 4 from the lower frame 28.

 In this case, the main annular cage 8 falls (falls) all the way into the balls 3, occupying its original position. Together with the additional annular yoke 11, the upper frame 27 mounted on it also rises, interacting with the corresponding element of the locking mechanism, namely, the pin 35 fixed to it with the help of the traction 34 (Fig. 1); with a fixed lever 40 (FIG. 2) or a rod 44 and a lever 40 (FIG. 3); with balls located in it (Fig. 6, 7); with a finger 57 by means of a rod 53 and a spring 54 (Fig. 8).

 Upon further raising the additional annular cage 11 with the elements of the locking mechanism 34, 35, 40, 44, 47, 53, 53 and 57 to the stop position of the stop flange 12 in the stop flange 5 of the main hollow cylinder 1, the gripping device is detached from the load and the fixing elements are installed mechanism 35 (Fig. 1), 40 (Fig. 2), 47 (Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7) and 57 (Fig. 8) in the initial position, and the element 40 (Fig. 3) is jammed cargo.

 Another sequence of operation of the gripping device is possible, in which the described initial position of the gripping device is operational, and the working initial.

 This is achieved by introducing an additional element in the form of traction 44 (Fig. 3), changing the kinematics of movement of the elements of the locking mechanism, depending on the location of the fastening points of the two shoulders of the lever 40 and the additional element in the form of traction 44 on the upper and lower frames 27 and 28 and changed to all three design options as the upper and lower frames 27 and 28 themselves, and elements of the locking mechanism, namely: pin 35, two shoulders lever 40, balls 47 and finger 57.

 Such a sequence of operation of the gripper is depicted, for example, in FIG. 3.

 This gripping device allows for the capture and transportation of any cargo, both having more than one ledge-shaped longitudinal holder, and not having them at all.

Claims (8)

 1. A gripping device for goods containing a main hollow cylinder with protrusions in the upper and lower parts, a main annular ring coaxial with it, having an annular bore on the inner surface and covering the lower part of the main hollow cylinder with the possibility of their mutual fixation by means of balls installed in the channels made in the wall of the main hollow cylinder, tapering in the direction of its vertical axis in the form of a truncated cone, installed inside the main hollow cylinder coaxially with it additional floors a cylinder with a protrusion on the surface that interacts with the upper protrusion of the main hollow cylinder, an additional annular cage covering the main hollow cylinder, made with a flange interacting with the protrusion of the main hollow cylinder, a mechanism for interlocking the main and additional annular cages and an element for hanging on a hook, characterized in that on the outer side surface of the additional hollow cylinder an annular groove is made, interacting with the aforementioned main installed in the channels of the wall the hollow cylinder with balls with the possibility of mutual fixation of the main and additional hollow cylinders and the main annular cage, and the mechanism of mutual fixation of the main and additional annular cages is made in the form of an annular groove on the outer side surface of the main annular cage and spring-loaded balls placed in the wall of the additional annular casing and interacting with the annular groove on the outer surface of the main annular holder, and the gripper is equipped with upper and lower frames, tied one to the other by means of at least two latches and rigidly mounted on the outer side surfaces, respectively, the upper additional annular holder, the lower additional hollow cylinder, and the hanging element on the hook is installed in the upper part of the additional annular holder.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the latch is made mechanical.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that on the inner surface of the lower frame there are cone-shaped guides for the frames of the load to be captured, and the latch is made in the form of a rod pivotally connected to the upper frame and pivotally connected to it, located in the coaxial holes made in the lower frame openings with the possibility of interaction with the frame of the captured cargo.  4. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the latch is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever, one arm pivotally mounted on one of the frames, and the other shoulder connected to another frame.  5. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that the connection of the other shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever with another frame is made in the form of a slot on the said frame and a pin on the said lever, placed in the said slot.  6. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that the connection of the other shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever with another frame is made in the form of an articulated intermediate element with said shoulder and frame.  7. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the upper and lower frames are made with the possibility of contacting each other with their side surfaces, and the latch is made in the form of a cone-shaped channel in one of the frames in the region of its mentioned contacting side surface, inclined with its apex downward to the vertical axis of the device, and a slot in another frame, as well as a ball placed in said channel and interacting with another frame in the zone of said slot.  8. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the latch contains a finger, a spring and one end rigidly fixed to the upper frame, and the other pivotally connected to the aforementioned finger rack, made in the lower frame of the guide channel and connected with it a curved recess, and the rack is located in the guide channel, the finger in the figured recess, and the spring is located between the said frames with the coverage of the said rack.

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