RU2072767C1 - Method and device for growing nursery stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves propagation with the use of rosettes of all orders developing on main shoots as well as branches during the entire period of nursery stock growing. Nursery stock is rooted in substrate pots placed in water-proof rectangular containers. The smaller sides of the containers are butt-joined to form a substrate band. There are two stages of the process of growing. A shoot joined the rosettes to be rooted with the maternal plant at the first stage, and the rosettes are detached from the maternal plants at the second stage. The newly developed rosettes are pinned and rooted till all the pots in the containers are full, then the rosettes are separated from one another and taken out to grow to reach the marketable condition on the secondary filling plot. In the process of propagation rosettes of each shoot are rooted near the maternal plant within one container. The feeding area of rosettes of different orders is differentiated by way of differentiation of cross-section area of the substrate pots. The container for growing and transportation is longitudinally divided into three compartments, and each compartment is divided into two cells. Each pot has a bottom. The bottom is a truncated cone, and its thickness is greater than thickness of the side walls. EFFECT: improved growing conditions; more convenient operation. 29 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used, in particular, when propagating garden forms of strawberries.

When cultivating very many grassy crops, the main technology is the seedling method, which regardless of what plants are propagated
seeds or rosettes of creeping shoots, is distinguished by the fact that in the initial period of cultivation by seedlings, rooted rosettes represent a small area of nutrition, and during planting at a constant place it is increased several times. Often cultivation plants are used to grow seedlings, and the producer has to measure the need for strong plants with the compelled need to place as large plants as possible in an open area of expensive greenhouses or specially equipped beds. Seedlings are grown to such an age, they give it a marketable appearance in which the plants tolerate the transplant less painfully, especially if it is made from protected open ground, and the high productivity of the transplant is ensured. Plants planted in a permanent place already have an optimal nutritional area, which allows them to more fully realize their productivity potential, to receive as much profit as possible from the plantings. Among the seedling cultivated crops propagated by creeping shoots occupy a special place. Since seedlings are grown or early shoots are harvested near the uterine plants, the rational use of space near the uterine plants, limited by the growth rate and length of the creeping shoots, is added to the above principles. It is known that the most productive area near the mother plant of wild strawberries is in a radius of only 30 40 cm.On how well it is managed to use it, the reproduction rate of the mother plants, the quality of the resulting seedlings in general, the effectiveness of a particular method of growing seedlings largely depend.

 All known methods of growing strawberry seedlings, based on the acceleration of creeping shoots, can be divided into two groups: methods in which the complete acceleration of rosettes and their development to a certain or final stage proceeds near the uterine plants, while maintaining a connection between them in a given period in the form of intermediate sections of shoots, and methods based on the early separation of shoots from the uterine plants and the simultaneous harvesting of rosettes that are currently at the initial stage of formation, followed by HAND and rearing them in the special conditions.

 Of the first group in industrial nursery farming, the most widespread is the method in which the uterine plants are planted according to a sparse pattern of 60 90 x 60 90 cm. The growing shoots are directed towards the row spacing, forming continuous rows (ribbons) from rooted rosettes of adjacent rows of the uterine plants or separate rectangular blocks. As the rows are filled periodically, 5–6 times in the first half of the shoot formation, the creeping shoots are laid out in the acceleration zone established by the mother plant scheme. This operation involves the selective displacement of individual shoots on the free sections of the row-spacing in order to uniformly disperse the accelerating outlets near the uterine plants. To give greater stability to expandable shoots, individual sockets are fixed by pressing their bases into the ground, sprinkling clumps of soil or mulch to the shoots. When the filling of the area reserved for rooting outlets is nearing completion, it becomes necessary to control the density of the outlets. Excess shoots of the first order newly formed by the uterine plants, individual branches of already rooted ones, are cut off during subsequent layouts. With the exception of the layout and rationing, no other actions are taken in relation to the shoots until the seedlings are excavated. The bulk of the shoots caught in the rooting zone was initially provided for natural development. They dig up seedlings when 50 to 60% of the sockets have reached commercial condition (1, II analysis). At the same time, sockets are dug up in a row, immediately separating them from the uterine plants and shoots and sorting. Substandard sockets dive into boxes or rows and for some time they grow up in special conditions. Since picking requires very high manual labor costs, it distracts from the main excavation operation, which must be carried out as soon as possible, substandard material for the most part disappears. Deprived after separation from the uterine plants and rosettes of the first orders of recharge with plastic materials, nodes of the last orders that have not managed to form completely into rosettes and can be stored for a long time. Also known are ordinary and narrow-ribbon layout of uterine plants, in particular 140 x 40, 85 - 25 x 45 cm, which are used to increase the output of commodity outlets from a unit area of the uterine plots when digging seedlings in the early stages. With increasing density of propagated plants, the aisles are intensively filled with shoots. However, the reproduction rate of uterine plants in these schemes is sharply reduced compared with rare ones (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9).

 Featuring such positive features as ease of execution, relatively low costs for laying and maintaining uterine plantings, this method of growing strawberry seedlings can be attributed to the most low-tech. First of all, when using it, the biological potential of the productivity of uterine plants is not sufficiently realized. 600 800 thousand commodity outlets are received from 1 ha of mother liquors, which in terms of one mother plant is only 50 60 pcs. While one strawberry plant during the growing season is capable of producing under optimal growing conditions 500 or more rosettes. The use of protected soil for growing by the considered method due to earlier shoot formation increases the multiplication factor by 3–4 times. However, he is still very far from the potential threshold of productivity. A long stay of densely located outlets near uterine plants worsens the phytosanitary condition of the mother liquors and increases the risk of infection of seedlings by various pathogens. Depleted by intensive shoot formation, the uterine plants reduce resistance and from them the infection along the leaves, the shoots go to rosettes. This method does not allow to obtain seedlings with a closed root system, and the bare roots currently do not always satisfy the requirements for the quality of planting material. After all, no matter how carefully they dug out sockets in the aisles, they still lose part of the root system, mainly root hairs, which causes a temporary suspension in growth of the seedlings planted at a permanent place.

 In order to make full use of the potential of uterine plants, it is necessary to select a system of techniques based on a thorough analysis of the biological characteristics of the propagated culture. The period of shoot formation in strawberries is greatly extended. The first creeping shoots of the plant form already during flowering. Immediately after fruiting, a period of mass regrowth of shoots begins, continuing until the end of the growing season. The shoots that appeared first in the acceleration zone have a significant advantage over the subsequent ones. The mother plants spend a greater amount of nutrients on their formation. They are the first to master the feeding area near the uterine plants, and the rosettes formed on them are given the opportunity to develop a longer period. As the rooted spaces of the rows between the queen cells fill up, the shoots that appear later become less and less free places for the normal rooting and development of rosettes. The more rooted rosettes, especially of the first order, are located near the uterine plants, the greater habitat they reach by the end of cultivation and, accordingly, the greater the amount of nutrients consumed from the uterine plants and carried out of the soil. Very often, individual, rooted first sockets long before digging in size far outrun uterine bushes. Remaining the entire period of cultivation between rows, the sockets not only prevent rooting, growth of shoots that appear later, but also begin to compete for the feeding area between themselves and with the uterine plants themselves. As a result of intense competition, the leaves of the rosettes are excessively extended in height, the rootlobe remains underdeveloped, the marketable appearance of seedlings falls. Due to poor nutrition, uterine plants reduce the rate of shoot formation, form low-quality shoots with thinning, internodes that are excessively elongated in length, and weak rosettes. But the main problem is not only in the quantity and quality of late shoots the more rational use of only a quarter of the number of shoots that can form uterine plants of wild strawberries during the growing season, would increase the yield of commodity seedlings by 3 4 times, but in the fact that intensively formed uterine plants, continuously growing in length and branching shoots, after the first waves of shoot formation, for a very short period of time there is absolutely no free space for the normal development of rosettes ok in the rooting zone. It is quite obvious that the period of stay of rooted rosettes formed earlier shoots in the aisles should be limited in favor of the subsequent ones. Part of the solution to these problems was found in the method in which the uterine plants are planted according to similar rarefied schemes in greenhouses, covering close to them the entire surface of the soil with a polymer film or other root-resistant coating / 2 /. The film coating is designed to completely isolate the base of the outlets from the soil surface from the beginning of shoot formation. As the shoots reach a sufficient length, they are periodically separated from the uterine plants. The prevention of the growth of sockets in the ground greatly facilitates this operation. Taking care that the shoots do not dry out, immediately after separation, the shoots are transferred to a specially equipped room where viable outlets are separated from them, which are then dived into peat-humid pots, pre-installed in containers and moistened. After a sharp separation from the uterine plants and internodes, the outlets experience severe stress, so the burdened material is placed in conditions with increased humidity and temperature in order to accelerate survival. For this purpose, use cultivation facilities equipped with fogging plants. Spiked rosettes are systematically fed with complex fertilizer solutions. If the picking of each individual seedling during the cultivation of seedlings of vegetable crops is justified, then for strawberries this technique is not entirely rational, since this does not take into account the relationship of uterine plants with rosettes and formed or shoots. Under natural conditions, the formation by plants of garden strawberries and other species of the genus Fragaria, L. of vegetative offspring, a significant role in the formation and nutrition of next-order rosettes growing in length of shoot ends is played by first-order rosettes. Appearing first, they take root earlier and start to grow, forming a powerful sheet apparatus for a relatively short period of time, actively photosynthesizing and able to satisfy almost completely the needs of outlets in plastic materials without external supplies. Continuing to remain connected with the uterine plants and shoots of continuation until the end of the growing season, and in some cases even until spring, first-order rosettes quickly isolate themselves into independent, less dependent on the vegetative family plants. At the same time, a certain part of the nutrients independently obtained by rosettes, in addition to continuing to come from the uterine plants, is sent to the shoots of continuation and goes both to the formation of rosettes of the following orders and their support until such time as they are completely rooted and switch to autonomous nutrition both the main and the growth of axial shoots and their branches in length. A kind of pumping of nutrients from uterine plants to first-order rosettes, from previous-order rosettes to subsequent-order rosettes located on the same shoots, takes place. Uterine plants are at the beginning of these chains and as long as there is a connection with daughter plants and the need for plastic materials, they take part in the nutrition of their vegetative offspring, up to the formation of rosettes of the latest orders. Naturally, as the main axial shoots lengthen, the proportion of nutrients spent by them directly from the total amount entering the formation of the next outlet gradually decreases. The sequence of pumping nutrients is clearly visible to the naked eye during the formation of the last outlet at the end of the shoots, especially at the end of the growing season.

 In this period, despite the remoteness, which can be significant, from the uterine plants, the original food sources growing from the last formed rosette, the shoot area immediately before the appearance of even signs of the next node thickens at first. Moreover, the thickness of the ends in different areas is heterogeneous. From the point of connection with the outlet of the previous order, the thickness of the shoot gradually increases to the bookmark of the next outlet. At this moment, the thickness of the last internodes is 0.1 0.2 cm higher than the previous sections of shoots connecting the previously formed rosettes. With the approach to uterine plants, this difference becomes more noticeable. After the formation of 3–4 orders of rosettes connecting the uterine plants with the first rosettes, the first internodes become much thinner than the next ones. Immediately after laying the next node, the previous shoot section gradually dissolves, becoming no different from the other intermediate sections. This sequence is observed as the length of both the main axial shoots and their branches, shoots of the II, III, etc. orders grows in length, which indicates that, in addition to mother plants and rosettes, rosettes are formed as power sources previous orders must be considered and internodes.

 In various varieties of garden strawberries and wild growth species of Fragaria L., the role of rosettes, internodes in the formation of continuation shoots, and, consequently, the ability to capture space adjacent to the uterine plants by vegetative offspring, thereby preserving and multiplying their populations, is expressed to varying degrees. For example, in F. viridis, the areas of shoots between uterine plants and first-order rosettes, after the formation of rosettes of several orders on the main axial shoots, are so refined, becoming woody until completely dry, that despite the apparent safety of the connection, it becomes obvious that in the future growth of these shoots uterine plants are not involved in the formation of the last rosettes, and the only suppliers of nutrients to growing areas are rosettes of the previous order. By the end of the growing season, similar changes undergo according to the order and internodes of subsequent orders. While in F. viridis the visibility of the connection between the uterine and the first daughter plants is still preserved until the end of the growing season, in F. chiloensis it is often interrupted by completely connecting the uterine plants with first-order rosettes, the shoot sections are completely rotted long before the end of the growing season. Interestingly, this feature is found only in wild species and is absent, or at least expressed to a very small extent in cultivars.

 Possibly, the accelerated isolation of vegetative offspring developed during a long evolutionary development and is aimed at better preservation of the uterine plants themselves, the rational use of their resources. Indeed, if the intensity of nutrient supply from the uterine plants to shoots rooted in several nodes, the growing sections of which are removed from them at considerable distances, remains the same, then the uterine plants, as a result of excessive depletion, lose their resistance to pathogens and adverse environmental conditions. Depletion of the uterine plants is especially noticeable at the end of shoot formation and is manifested primarily in a significant decrease in the habitat of the uterine bushes in comparison with the growing rosettes and those uterine plants, to which the shoots periodically removed the entire vegetation, as they formed, as well as to a greater degree of brown damage and other spots. Premature death of uterine plants for wild micropopulations of strawberries is hardly desirable, although intensive shoot formation is a kind of insurance in this case. On the other hand, weakening uterine plants begin to draw nutrients from the shoots that have remained connected with them, which is also undesirable for the population, since in this case the growth of shoots capable of self-feeding is longer, therefore, the propagation of vegetative offspring in space is slowed down.

 Thus, the mother plants of wild strawberries, together with their vegetative offspring, represent such a community of interconnected (interdependent) plants connected by shoots, in which the mother plants occupy a dominant position only at the very beginning of shoot growth, after which they gradually lose their importance as the primary source of nutrients and become ordinary members of vegetative families. Confirmation of the possibility of feedback between uterine plants and shoots is the fact that if the uterine plants formed a sufficiently developed network of rooted shoots, carefully cut the roots near the base and isolate the base from the soil surface, they continue to remain viable until the very end of the growing season. Moreover, due to the lack of the ability to independently extract water and mineral nutrition elements, which in turn leads to a decrease in the photosynthetic activity of the leaf apparatus, uterine plants stop the formation of new shoots, both creeping and horns, and the formed or earlier creeping shoots due to the outflow of nutrients to uterine plant, depending on the total quantity and strength of the shoots feeding the uterine plants, suspend or completely stop their growth in length. The development of sockets of the last orders is slowing down. The presence of feedback is also indicated by the well-known fact of a decrease in the total number of shoots formed during the shoot formation by the uterine plants during their periodic separation / 2 /. It would seem that early removal of nutrients consuming from uterine plants, especially at the beginning of regrowth, shoots, on the contrary, should stimulate shoot formation. Obviously, the uterine plants, and under normal conditions, as the shoots reach a certain developmental stage, begin to draw nutrients from them, which in turn they use to form new creeping shoots of the first order.

 An indirect confirmation of the gradual transition of the dominant role from uterine plants, as the main suppliers of nutrients to vegetative families, to rooted rosettes, starting from the first and further along the chains to subsequent orders, as they develop, is the ability of first-order rosettes, usually closer to the end of the growing season , under normal open ground conditions, form up to 5 or more branches of the main axial shoot.

 The generally accepted pattern for the creeping shoot of strawberries, according to the literature / 5, 7 /, is the presence of the main axial shoot, the first order, on which there are even, rooted and odd, non-rooted nodes. Branches of the main axial shoot of the second order depart from even, less often odd nodes, in the structure of which the same sequence is repeated. The reason for calling the second-order shoots exactly the branches of the first-order shoots is that they are formed immediately after the formation of even nodes, when the sockets located in these nodes are still at the initial stage of formation, and, without their own sufficiently developed root systems and leaf apparatus, are not capable at the moment, directly take an active part in the formation of second-order shoots, or at least play an insignificant role. In one even node, as a rule, 1 2 shoots of the second order are formed. The presence of 4 5, as well as the timing of formation, indicate that while continuing to be associated with uterine plants and rosettes of subsequent orders, i.e., being an integral part of a single vegetative system, the number of shoots of the second order of rosette that have formed such numbers is already an independent uterine plant and additional shoots formed after the main axial shoots have reached a considerable length and true branches will be formed in these nodes immediately after laying them, are already their own nnym vegetative progeny. These biological features of wild strawberries were discovered by the author while working at the world collection of the Pavlovskaya VIR station.

 The method based on picking separated simultaneously from the uterine plants and shoots of rosettes, was developed on the basis of previous ideas about the biology of strawberries. His chain of technology pursues imaginary expediency. Due to continuous mulching with polymer films of the surface near the uterine plants, first-order rosettes are not able to take root and take part in feeding the growing shoots of continuation. The main suppliers of nutrients to the shoots, up to their separation, continue to be uterine plants, which are difficult to single-handedly manage with this task, even with abundant top dressing. As a result, the uterine plants are rapidly depleted, the shoots formed by them are very long, thin out and bear underdeveloped rosettes, which do not tolerate picking. A significant part of the harvested vegetative mass of shoots goes to waste, therefore, despite the large number of shoots separated from one mother plant, the reproduction rate at the output of the final product is still far from the potential of the propagated crop. Although, in comparison with all known data, the method under favorable conditions for rooting of burnt outlets is an undoubted leader. When used from one mother plant in open ground conditions, it is possible to obtain up to 150, and in sheltered ground up to 400 outlets. A known variant of this method, characterized in that the first-order sockets give the opportunity to temporarily take root in open areas of soil near the uterine plants until the shoots are separated / 2 /.

 This difference as a result of more favorable nutritional conditions of vegetative families gives a significant increase in the number of outlets received from one propagated plant: up to 300 in open and up to 600 in protected ground, respectively. However, the innovation itself does not practically affect the essence of the basic method. Short-term shortening of the first rosettes is only a fragmentary use of the relationship of rosettes of various orders with uterine plants. Despite the large total number of procured outlets, the actual yield of seedlings from one mother plant still depends heavily on the conditions of harvesting, picking, and subsequent rooting. Since rosettes do not tolerate separation from vegetative families, it is necessary to use expensive cultivation structures to root them after a dive. The main operations of the method: the preparation of shoots, the separation of sockets from the internodes, picking require very high manual labor costs, which is the main disadvantage that inhibits its widespread use.

 In this method, as well as in all other known for today, the great heterogeneity of sockets by age is not taken into account, while age-related features largely determine the quality of planting material at the outlet / 6 /. The age of seedlings must be taken into account when growing plants from seeds, especially heat-loving crops, the success of cultivation in harsh climatic conditions primarily depends on the race in the development of seedlings planted at a permanent place. Garden strawberries are also cultivated in seedlings. However, the difference in the run of individual categories of young plants is completely ignored. Such a difference in approaches is due to the fact that strawberry seedlings are obtained in a different way and young plants at the end of cultivation, even with a very large age difference in appearance, can be practically no different. The shoot formation period is greatly extended and lasts several months. In turn, the rosettes of each shoot as they grow in length are also formed with a certain interval in time. The age difference of rosettes of various orders correlates only with the total number of horns and plastic materials rosettes stored in the vegetative organs. By such indicators as the height and diameter of the bush, in most cases it is impossible to determine the age of the outlets, especially at the end of cultivation. In order to isolate from the mixed seedlings the rosettes with the greatest run in development, in the known methods during sorting at the output, the number of horns for each plant should be taken into account, which is physically unfeasible. The next reason for ignoring the age-related heterogeneity of seedlings was that until recently strawberries were cultivated mainly in open ground and as a perennial crop, exploiting plantations up to 3,5 years. The first return from the planted seedlings was calculated only in the second year after planting. For the period from the moment of planting the plantings to the first commercial fruiting the age difference of the planted plants managed to completely smooth out and did not attract attention. At the same time, the planted plants were also given a peculiar uterine role. Due to the shoots they formed in the first year after the shoots were fed, the area near the source plants limited by row-spacings from the sides was filled with rosettes, forming narrow dense ribbons from the rows in which, among the dense vegetative mass of individuals, the originally planted plants simply “lost”.

 In the process of intensification of production, which entailed a significant increase in the share of protected soil, a reduction in the life of strawberry stands in open ground to 1–2 years, a need arose for such planting material, the quality of which allows much faster acceleration of the return of the originally planted plants, since the densification of the stands their vegetative offspring and waiting for when it, in turn, will bear fruit, there simply is no time left. In order to make transplantation to a permanent place of growing less painful seedlings, they began to produce seedlings with a closed root system. Fast starting growth contributes to a more complete implementation of the race in the development of planted seedlings. The manufacturers have not yet paid attention to the need for a special selection of outlets of the greatest age due to the lack of specific developments in this area. Although the higher quality of the rosettes of shoots formed by the uterine bushes, first of all, the first orders of formation on the shoots themselves is obvious. The strength and the total number of flower stalks that the planted seedlings form during the first fruiting, which ultimately determines the yield of an annual planting, depend on the number of rosettes stocked during the period of growing plastic materials, horns. Researchers also noted that first-order rosettes, in comparison with the others, earlier lay generative buds and form peduncles. The age-related heterogeneity of the strawberry planting material obtained as a result of rooting of shoots was one of the main reasons for the fact that recently producers and breeders began to pay more and more attention to seed reproduction. Breeding programs aimed at the selection of such forms in which the seeds have high germination, and seedlings with high genetic uniformity.

 A known method of propagation of wild strawberries "long mustache", characterized in that when laying plantations as a planting material, use double sockets, while maintaining between them intermediate sections of shoots or, which is more acceptable for amateur gardening, the whole shoots, dug out and transplanted together with all formed rosettes and growth areas / 1 /. When landing at a constant place, the sockets are pulled along the lines of the rows to be laid. Such stands are also known as flanged. The essence of this method lies in the fact that more developed rosettes of the previous orders through intact internodes feed less developed rosettes of the following orders, the landing of which in open ground as independent landing units is problematic or completely impossible. However, reproduction by a "long mustache" is also based on the fragmented use of the characteristics of the vegetative families of strawberries, which is very limited in time. Premature snatching of the initial, strongest according to the degree of development of the links interrupts further growth of the main axial shoots in length and branching, the formation of rosettes of the following orders. Even if during the harvesting of the "long whiskers" already managed to take root before separation from the uterine plants, but still unsuitable for planting in open ground, the following continuation of the shoots will remain intact, the cessation of nutrient supply from the uterine plants and first-order rosettes negatively affects them development. In most cases, when harvesting a "long whiskers", shoots on the mother liquor have to be dug up completely, because among the interwoven mass from shoots of different ages rooted throughout the length and only in separate nodes that accumulate very quickly near the mother plants, selective harvesting of some strong links without damaging weak, almost impossible. Similar to the method of picking rosettes that are separated from the uterine plants and shoots at once, a continuous harvesting of all shoots that have grown up to a certain point in time is periodically carried out with the difference that the first rosettes of the links must have a sufficiently developed root root, and as you know, separation of all runs leads in a row to large losses of substandard material, a decrease in the reproduction rate.

 "Long mustache" is unsuitable for laying plantings, designed for accelerated return, since part of their outlets does not even meet the requirements of conventional seedlings used for laying perennial plantings in open ground. This mismatch lies in the insufficient development of the last outlets, which after landing with outlets of the previous or previous orders occupy seats while still at the initial stage of formation. In addition, the method involves the procurement and landing of "long whiskers" only with bare roots, which is also its significant drawback. Saving shoot sections of different lengths between sockets complicates the temporary storage, transportation of the "long whiskers" after harvesting and their landing in a permanent place. The diverse nature of the rosettes delays the formation of dense and uniform throughout the length of the tape from the vegetative mass of planted plants, which is the main condition for successful self-defense of the cultivated crop from weeds. Those micro-areas in the rows where underdeveloped rosettes of the last order turn out to be easily vulnerable to weeds for a long time, until the end of the growing season. The presence in the rows of internodes, which are preserved until the natural death, often bent after planting in the direction of row spacing, as a result of maintaining a certain interval between outlets, makes it difficult to manually till the soil inside the rows. The main disadvantage of the "long mustache" is their complete unsuitability for a mechanized landing. Purely physically, they are also unsuitable for filling the point sites of most structures of vertical structures used in the forcing of strawberries in sheltered ground.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed method is a method in which first-order rosettes, having previously removed the shoot extensions that follow them, but retaining the sections connecting these rosettes with uterine plants, dive into individual containers with root-growing walls, pre-filled with fertilized soil and dug near uterine plants / 10 /. After sufficient rooting, the rosettes are separated from the uterine plants, cutting the intermediate sections of the shoots and trying to maintain the integrity of the root coma as much as possible. Separated outlets are removed from containers and used for disembarkation at a fixed location. To give rosettes a stable position on the ground surface for the rooting period, it is mandatory in the center of the containers, they are fixed with special studs during a dive. This method is aimed at obtaining due to the long-term preservation of the connection of peaked outlets with uterine plants of especially strong seedlings. However, due to the low reproduction rate and excessive labor intensity for an industrial scale, it is hardly acceptable and is of interest mainly in amateur or experimental, in particular collection sites, with small volumes of seedling cultivation. Even if individual containers around each uterine plant are installed in a continuous ring, periodically changed, the multiplication factor of the method is still unacceptable for industrial use, since pinching the shoot that follows the rooted rosette eliminates the possibility of using the second and all subsequent orders for reproduction of the rosette as main axial shoots, and their numerous branches, shoots 2, 3, etc. orders, the formation of powerful vegetative families from the relationship uterine plants, numerous rosettes, internodes, and growing ends of shoots.

 The total yield of commodity seedlings from one plant propagated by this method is a maximum of 15 30 pcs. which corresponds even to the number of first-order shoots that can form during the growing season under normal growing conditions the mother plant of wild strawberries. The fact is that, having occupied completely all the space around the uterine plants around the circumference, rosettes pinned in containers do not leave room for free rooting of the following shoots, which turn out to be unused before replacing containers with rooted rosettes. If such shoots are removed immediately as they form, then the losses will be direct. If they are left unrooted in the first nodes, then, not being able to switch to self-nutrition, they are very long in length and more intensively consume nutrients from uterine plants. As a result of the irrational use of the limited potential productivity of uterine plants, the total number of first-order shoots or shoots decreases markedly, i.e., in this case, the losses will be indirect.

 The rooting of outlets in individual containers, despite the apparent protection of the root coma, does not in fact provide for seedlings with a closed root system, since the method uses containers of rootproof walls, for example, made of plastic, ceramic peas. In such containers, plants are convenient to move, but can not be planted at a permanent place of cultivation, especially in open ground. After the forced extraction of the root system of seedlings from these containers, it becomes vulnerable to mechanical damage. During planting, seedlings with a free radical lump, even if they are handled with great care, which is very problematic on an industrial scale, can lose no less roots than plants that were originally harvested with a completely exposed root system. In order to obtain seedlings using the method under consideration, it is with a closed root system protected by a root-resistant shell, including at the time of planting in a permanent place, it would be necessary to install separate pressed substrate pots in each container before digging in close to the uterine bushes, which would greatly increase without Moreover, the high complexity of the method, so it is unlikely that such a solution to the problem is advisable.

 The digging in of individual containers takes up a lot of working time and physical effort, preventing the quick drying of the soil poured into them, and also necessary so that the cores of the uterine plants and dived outlets are located at approximately the same level, and the sections of shoots connecting them are horizontal. This arrangement of shoots of uterine and daughter plants corresponds to the natural, developed in the course of a long evolutionary development, nature of the spread by plants of strawberries of their vegetative offspring in space.

 The proposed method for growing strawberry seedlings is also based on picking rosettes near the uterine plants, with maintaining, until a sufficient degree of acceleration, between the rosettes and the uterine plants attached to individual substrate formations in the form of intermediate sections of shoots, characterized in that they use sockets not only of the first, but also of all other orders that managed to form over a limited period of stay, supplied whole in batches in pot containers, near the uterine plants, not only on the axial shoots, but also on their branches, and also after separation of the rooted shoots from the uterine plants, in the process of their further growing in the original containers. For laying of the uterine sites, annual, well-developed healthy plants are used, which are planted in narrow concrete gutters, previously filled with a nutrient substrate, or on ridges limited from the sides by temporary formwork from boards or other materials. Uterine plants are arranged in one row in the center of the gutters with an interval of 15 to 20 cm. One gutter or comb is used to lay one row of uterine plants. Such a density of rows is usual for fruiting stands, but not typical for queen cells. The distance between adjacent uterine plants in the rows depends on the shoot-forming ability of the propagated variety. Plants of varieties with very intensive shoot formation are planted at a longer interval and vice versa. The width of the gutters in the upper part is 15 to 20 cm.

 Before filling with a nutrient substrate, the tubes of the drip irrigation system are laid on the bottom of the gutters, stretching along their entire length. The placement of the tubes on the surface of the substrate is undesirable, because in this case they will interfere with the layout of the shoots. The sidewalls of the gutters are flat on the outside and perpendicular to the gutters that are directly adjacent to the gutters and serve as a support for containers with a substrate substrate, and inside, closer to the base, they form a small run towards the central part of the gutters. This configuration of the side walls allows you to simultaneously strengthen the gutters and more densely assemble them with substitute containers. The level of the nutrient substrate after planting should be such that the upper edges of the side walls of the gutters rise above the cores of the uterine plants by no more than 0.5 1 cm.This ratio allows you to arrange shoots growing from the uterine plants, first within the gutters, and then outside, horizontally, or at a slight slope towards the surface adjacent to the gutters and, accordingly, intended for the surface of the substrate filled with sockets. The same principle is based on the selection of the ratio of the parameters of the gutters, containers and substrate pots installed in them.

 At the very beginning of mass shoot formation, rectangular root-sprouting containers pre-filled with individual substrate pots are installed simultaneously on both sides along the entire length of each row of uterine plants in the entire uterine area. The containers have a plastic case and a flat metal bottom, waterproof throughout. The cavity of these containers is divided by rootless plates into separate, isolated from each other from the cell sides of the gratings inserted from above. The cells have a rectangular cross-section and a vertical section. Separation grilles are made of separate plastic plates assembled by combining vertical cutouts. Separation grids exclude the fusion of adjacent root clods, which facilitates the subsequent selection of seedlings from containers and eliminates competition between neighboring plants for the nutrient substrate. Inside the containers, the separation gratings are placed freely, resting their base on the bottom, and the ends of the plates on the inner surface of the sidewalls of the housing. The width of the containers is 50–60 cm, the length is 80–90 cm. When installing long rows on the rows of uterine plants, the containers are pulled along the troughs, sliding close to their side walls, and short with adjacent containers. The docking of the containers with each other and with the gutters should be so tight that no gaps remain in the zone of location of the growing shoots. When laying the uterine area between the outermost rows of plants and the ends of the gutters, a gap of at least 10 15 cm is left. This arrangement allows the vegetative offspring of the outermost plants to be more densely involved in reproduction and provide them with the same development conditions as the rest of the plants located behind them inside the rows .

 The installation of containers filled with a substrate starts from one of the ends of the gutters, combining the short sides of the containers that turned out to be the last in the joined ribbons with the ends of the gutters, and they are pumped in the same way at the opposite ends of the rows. The length of the gutters must therefore be a multiple of the length of one container. The intervals between planted uterine plants are adjusted to their ratio, trying to ensure that the free gaps behind the last in the rows of plants, from both ends of the gutters, are approximately the same, and also that for each substituted tank in the rows there should be an equal number of uterine plants.

 Immediately after installation of the containers, all shoots formed by the uterine plants are initially directed only in one direction, onto one of two tapes of substrate pots located at that moment on both sides of the gutters, maintaining this orientation throughout the entire row and on all the rows of the uterine site. As the growth occurs, the oriented shoots of the surface of the substrate ribbons, where they immediately begin to disperse uniformly, while trying to spread the shoots of each mother plant first in the conditional sectors of the substrate ribbons opposite to them, which, according to the interval between the mother plants, are 15-20 cm wide. After rosettes formed on folding shoots reach the picking stage, have 2 3 distinct leaves and rudimentary aerial roots, they are pinned to the surface of free sub martial pots. In this case, the base of the fixed sockets must be placed in the center of the cells. In contrast to the known method, after pinning out first-order sockets, the following extension shoots do not pinch off after them, but leave together with the branches of the main axial shoots and, as the first order sockets are formed on the branched network of shoots, they are dived onto neighboring potted more distant from the uterine plants. The rosettes of each shoot, no matter how long and branched they are, are laid out and dive within only one capacity, preventing the release of its individual sections, branches to neighboring ones. Otherwise, the subsequent removal of containers filled with rooted shoots from the uterine plants will become problematic, for the separation of adjacent containers, a continuous cut of the shoots connecting them along the boundary of the joined sidewalls will be required, which, in addition to additional costs, leads to the premature separation of a significant part of the shoots, isolation of outlets, including completely rosettes not ready for this operation.

 The proposed method provides for the differentiated provision of dived outlets for the period of their initial rooting by the feeding area, depending on their order of formation on the shoots, as well as the total duration of the stay of the outlets in containers, from the moment the shoots are fixed on the substrate pots until the end of pickling growing of shoots in containers, terminated by a complete separation of sockets. The needs for nutritional area at the beginning of rooting of shoots at first-order outlets, which are formed first and are able, therefore, to move longer, grow more intensively due to the proximity to the uterine plants of the primary food source, exceed the needs of subsequent-order outlets. The needs of second-order sockets are less than those of the first, but more than the sockets of the third and next, etc. When shortened shoots are left near the uterine plants until the end of the growing season, the needs of the outlets gradually equalize as they are isolated.

 In order to get a well-developed homogeneous seedling, rooted split sockets during subsequent rearing provide the same nutrition area, which is impossible to do near the uterine plants. If we supply only large cross-sectional substrate pots to the uterine plants, the nutritional area provided to first-order sockets will more closely meet their needs, but poorly developed last-order sockets during the time of substrate tapes near the uterine plants do not have enough time to fully master the volume of the pots, and due to a decrease in the number of pots per unit area of substratum tapes of pots substituted for rows of uterine plants, the number of involved x outlets for filling containers, which in turn leads to a decrease in the total multiplication factor. If for this purpose only small pots are used, the number of rosettes dived near the mother plants increases, but this increase occurs as a result of using more shoots of the first order, i.e., again to the detriment of the reproduction rate, since the shoots of the first order in the rooting zone does not allow using their full potential. Without a sufficient supply area, first-order sockets form continuation shoots weaker, the sockets formed on them reach the picking stage more slowly.

 In the proposed method, in containers mounted to the mother plants, as the distance from the rows of the mother plants the cross-sectional area of the substrate pots varies. Depending on the ordered group arrangement of pots of various sizes, the cavity of each container is divided into three longitudinal, rooting zones parallel to the long sides of the containers and rows of uterine plants. The first rooting zone, located directly near the uterine plants, consists of three rows of the largest pots, with a cross-sectional area of 4.5 5 x 4.5 - 5 cm. This zone is intended for rooting outlets of the first and partially second orders. Next to it in containers is the second zone, consisting of five rows of smaller pots, with a cross-sectional area of 3.5 4 x 5 4 cm, designed to root second and third order outlets, as well as outlets formed on branches of the main axial shoots. The last, the most remote from the uterine plants third zone consists of eight rows of the smallest pots, with a cross-sectional area of 2.5 3 x 2.5 3 cm.The third zone is filled with rosettes of the third and subsequent orders, formed shortly before the shoots are separated from the uterine plants. Together with the cross-sectional area along the rooting zones, the volume of the nutrient substrate provided to the dive sockets accordingly changes, the amount of nutrients contained in it.

 Changes in the size of the cells of the separation gratings in different parts of the containers are identical to the zonal variation of the parameters of the substrate pots. The zonal differentiation of the nutritional area and the initial supply of nutrients contributes to the accelerated formation of powerful vegetative families with well-developed rosettes with a dense branching network of shoots on the batches of the substrate established for the mother plants in the containers. Having a nutritional area that is optimal for starting growth, first-order sockets quickly take root after nailing and, having built up a sheet apparatus capable of satisfying almost completely their own needs for plastic materials, they become secondary suppliers of nutrients to vegetative families, which primarily go for the formation of sockets of the following orders, nutrition of growing sections of the shoots of continuation. After rooting and sufficient development, the suppliers of nutrients in the continuation of the shoots alternately become sockets of the second and all subsequent orders, but they, just as in natural conditions, have a smaller role in the proposed method, because for a relatively short period of stay of rooted roots with growth on the substituted substrate of shoots near the uterine plants, mainly only rosettes of the first and partially second orders have time to develop into full-fledged plants, which continue to remain in contact with the uterine plants sockets and rosettes of subsequent orders, due to the evolutionary biological characteristics of strawberries. The faster the first-order rosettes develop, capturing the functions of the mother plant to supply food to vegetative families, the faster the follow-up shoots grow, the more branched their network, the more rosettes of subsequent orders formed on them, which ultimately contribute to an increase in the overall reproduction rate.

 The total width of substrate pots installed in the first rooting zone, without taking into account the thickness of the separation plates, is 13.5 15 cm, in the second 17.5 20 cm, in the third 20 24 cm. In the conditional sector of each of the substratable substrates located opposite each mother plant, with an interval between adjacent uterine plants in a row of 20 cm, there are 11 12 pots of the first zone, 24 25 of the second and 48 49 - of the third, i.e., as the distance from the mother plant grows, the number of pots per unit area of the substrate increases tsya.

 Thus, the zonal differentiation of the size of the pots of the substrate layer maximally takes into account not only the needs of sockets of various orders in the feeding area, but also the pattern of shoots. With the natural arrangement of strawberry shoots in the space adjacent to the uterine plants, the degree of branching of the shoots and the density of rosettes increases with distance from the uterine plant. At the same time as each branching occurs due to the spraying of nutrients from first-order plants and rosettes into the vegetative system of nutrients, increasing distance from the main food providers, the strength of subsequent links, including the thickness of the internodes and the degree of development of rosettes, gradually decreases to the periphery. The difference between the free orientation of the shoots in natural conditions and directed in the proposed method is that in the first case, shoots around the uterine plant are more or less evenly distributed around the entire circumference in the form of radial rays, and when rooted on the substitute substrate, they are collected in wide dense bundles , reminiscent in shape of segments of a circle, directed perpendicular to the lines of substrate tapes.

 At the beginning of the filling of substrate tapes, the main axial shoots are directed in such a way as to primarily cover the areas of rooting zones that are opposite each uterine plant that form on them with rosettes. After filling the first zone pots with the first order pinned rosettes, as the main axial shoots grow in length and branches form, they separate sections or whole shoots, if necessary, to the neighboring sectors. In this case, the fixed shoots have a zigzag, which allows you to simultaneously maintain the relative straightness of the intermediate sections of the shoots and to place the maximum number of rooted rosettes on the substrate tapes limited in width. If the layout of the shoots adheres only to the linear orientation of the links, due to the considerable length of the internodes, the shoots will quickly cross the substrate ribbons, rooted in only 2 3 knots, after which they will have to be pinched off or wrapped back to the uterine plants.

 It is very important that immediately after the pinning, the sockets start to grow as quickly as possible. The speed of the starting growth of the sockets depends on how much the substrate volume presented to the sockets is favorable for the development of the root system. In turn, the availability of substrate pots to the roots depends both on the hydrothermal growing conditions and on the arrangement of the pots themselves. A device of a substrate pot is known, which is a cube made entirely of pressed peat with a small recess on top for sowing seeds / 11 /. However, the use of fully pressed cubes from peat for picking is problematic, since due to the high density of almost the entire volume, they are not entirely favorable for the penetration of the root system and delay the development of rosettes. The residence time of shoots fixed on the surface of the pots near the uterine plants, during which a connection is maintained between them, and as a result of which rosettes fed by the uterine plants are able to develop at the highest rate, is limited. Accordingly, the faster the growth rate in this period of pinned outlets, the sooner they themselves begin to feed the continuation shoots and outlets of subsequent orders. Therefore, even a slight delay in the development of outlets, especially of the first order, immediately leads to a decrease in the reproduction rate of uterine plants. The first aerial roots of rosettes, which form in the nodes of the shoots immediately as the rosettes form, hardly penetrate into the fully-pressed thickness of the cubes. By the way, the very presence of a small number of rudimentary "air" roots on the bases of sockets creates the prerequisites for a more rapid growth into a loose substrate. Interchangeable wells of fully-pressed cubes are too small to accommodate such a volume of loose substrate that would facilitate the rapid normal development of rooted rosettes.

 After a certain number of roots grow into the pressed substrate, the growth rate of the root system with rosettes increases significantly, however, valuable time is required to reach this stage. It is also known the device of a hollow substrate pot with rectangular vertical and cross sections, the side walls and the bottom of which are made of pressed peat with a thickness of 1 1.5 mm / 11 /. However, the use of thin-walled hollow pressed pots pre-filled with a loose nutrient substrate for diving rosettes near uterine plants is also problematic, since pots of this design do not provide sufficient stability of the studs used for fixing rosettes.

 The height of the substrate pots installed in the containers, regardless of the rooting zone in which they are located, is 4.5-5 cm. At this height of the substrate, the studs immersed in it are at a shallow depth, in addition, the filled cavity of the pots, the loose nutrient substrate is insignificant density. The bottom of the pressed pots of known design is as thin as the side walls, therefore, despite its high density, it cannot contribute to stabilization of the studs inside the pots. Based on these considerations, for diving outlets using studs, the proposed method provides for the use of hollow pots of pressed peat or other organic materials with rectangular vertical and cross sections, characterized in that for the purpose of imparting rosettes inserted into the cavities prefilled during fixing loose substrate, hairpins of a more stable position, the bottom of the pots is significantly thickened compared to the side walls and has the shape of a truncated cone, flat th vertex of which is directed vertically upwards and is located at the center of the pot. The height of the thickened bottom for pots of all rooting zones is the same and is 1.2 cm. They differ only in the diameter of the truncated peaks and the thickness of the side walls. The diameter of the truncated top of the bottom for pots of the first zone is 1.8 2 cm; the thickness of the side walls 0.3 0.4 cm. Accordingly, for the pots of the second zone 1.4 1.6; 0.2 0.3 cm; and the third 1 1.2 cm; 0.1 0.2 cm. When fixing the base of the rosettes on the surface of the loose substrate, the longest stud rods are immersed in pots so that they pierce their ends into the truncated tops of the conical thickenings of the bottom. In this case, the stud rods should fall exactly in the middle part of the peaks of the bulges. In this case, they penetrate the thickest section of the bottom of the pots and, accordingly, they hold better.

 Due to the significant thickening of the bottom, which has a high initial density, the studs are firmly fixed in the substrate for the entire rooting themselves and with sufficient force they press the pinned rosettes to the surface of the pots in the position set during fixation. The more the base of the rosettes presses the hairpin to the substrate, the sooner they are rooted and start to grow. The closer to the center of the pots, which can be provided only by pinning, the rooted outlets are located, the more uniform their development. The high reliability of fixing rosettes on the surface of the substrate in the proposed method is also important because in the process of filling the substrate tapes, individual shoots have to be strongly bent and, despite the fact that the grassy shoots are highly flexible, immediately after the pinning, the bent sections, especially the thickest of the folding ones , shoots of the first order, tend to return to their original position, and at this moment the studs must withstand a certain load.

 To fix the shoots, studs of any designs are used, made of any ones that provide the studs with sufficient strength and materials for the rooting period of the outlets. The only limitation is that the stud rods immersed in the substrate are not excessively thick, otherwise they may split the peas. Their optimal thickness is 0.1 0.2 cm.

 Since the bulk of the pots is occupied by a loose nutrient substrate that is easily accessible for roots, the presence of a thickened base practically does not affect the initial development of rosettes. Until the roots reach the bottom of the substrate containers, they manage to develop such a penetrating ability that a small thickening in comparison with the total volume of the pots will no longer pose a serious barrier to them.

 A known construction of a cultivated container, which is a rectangular box with a flat bottom, in the cavity of which a dividing grid of vertical root-growing plates with rectangular cells connected by combining vertical cutouts / 12 / is inserted. In the known construction of the cultivated vessel, the plates of the separation lattice are tightly in contact throughout the lower edges with a flat bottom of the housing. There is a complete isolation of the cells, which is the reason for the uneven distribution of moisture between the delimited plates of the gratings by substrate pots. The substrate of those cells into which less water falls during irrigation compared to the others is deprived of moisture from the substrate in more moistened cells and dries faster than them. Nevertheless, water seeps through the thinnest gaps between the base of the separation gratings and the bottom of the containers, but so slowly and in such small quantities that it is not essential for the natural redistribution of moisture between adjacent pots. The issue of uniform wetting of the substrate layer becomes especially relevant for different sizes of the substrate units that make it up. The substrate located in the cells of a smaller size, even with uniform single moisturizations of the entire layer, dries faster than large cells. Uneven moisture in the cells leads to the fact that during forced irrigation, the substrate pots that are still still sufficiently moist are overmoistened, which, along with excessive drying, negatively affects the development of seedlings.

 In order to accelerate the natural redistribution of moisture between the substrate of neighboring cells for the implementation of the proposed method of growing seedlings, it is provided to use a container, the device of which is characterized in that as a result of separate vertical support posts based on the separation lattices inserted into the cavity of the containers, between the lower edges of the vertically arranged separation plates and horizontal bottom along the entire length of the cavities of the containers are formed small, quite sufficient A heavy water seepage from one cell to another, the drainage lumen.

 Another distinctive design feature is that the amount of drainage gaps in different parts of the cavity is not the same. Taking into account the zonal change in the cross-sectional area of the substrate pots installed in the container and the corresponding cell size changes, the height of the drainage gaps is of greatest importance in the first rooting zone and gradually decreases along the zones towards the smallest cells of the third zone, which contributes to the directed flow of moisture in this direction. In addition to the fact that moisture is redistributed between neighboring pots regardless of their size throughout the container cavity, a slightly different level is also redistributed between individual batches of substrate of the adjacent zones. The more water absorbing during irrigation and, due to the larger sizes, are more slowly drying up the pots of the first rooting zone through the highest gaps between the bottom and dividing plates, they discharge part of the absorbed moisture by more intensively drying and accumulating less water to the second zone pots during irrigation. The pots of the second zone, in turn, give moisture to the pots of the third zone, but already in the first quantity. The height of the drainage gaps for the cells of the first rooting zone is 0.8 1 cm, the second 0.5 0.7 cm and the third 0.2 0.3 cm. The small size of the drainage gaps relative to the height of the pots themselves does not adversely affect the development and presentation seedlings. The root system of rooted rosettes reaches the location of the gaps closer to the end of their stay in the tanks, so the isolation of the pots with dividing plates slightly raised above the bottom surface is quite sufficient to prevent strong coalescence of neighboring root lumps.

 At the same time, precisely at the beginning of rooting of shoots near uterine plants, when due to the large accumulation of vegetative mass of shoots spread on the surface of the substrate, selective watering of pots is impossible, and for successful rooting of sewn-in rosettes, a particularly favorable mode of substrate moistening, spontaneous redistribution of moisture between different parts of the substrate layer are required is of great importance.

 Support racks have only longitudinal dividing plates, which, after installation in the cavity of the capacities of the gratings, are directed parallel to the long sides of the casing and, accordingly, the rows of uterine plants. These racks are located one at a time, in each place of joining with vertical cutouts of longitudinal dividing plates with transverse ones. They have a trapezoidal flat shape and are a vertical extension of the transverse plates. The wide base of the inverted trapezium of the protrusions is merged with the lower edge of the plates, and the narrow ones are directed downward, resting against the bottom of the containers. In the upper part, the width of the protrusions is 0.5-0.6 cm, in the lower 0.2-0.3 cm. The miter cuts at the longitudinal dividing plates begin necessarily from above and, crossing vertically almost the entire area of the plates, they end in 1 1.2 cm to the bottom. Accordingly, at the transverse plates, the cutouts extend from the bottom up. To facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the separation gratings, the cutouts have a sufficient width of 0.3 0.4 cm and an inlet expanded by 0.1 0.2 cm. The presence of cutouts somewhat weakens the strength of the separation plates, therefore, being located directly below them, the support posts reinforce the longitudinal plates and, accordingly, the gratings. The presence of the supporting protrusions makes the longitudinal plates bearing, the transverse ones strung on them from above appear to be suspended above the bottom. The device of the longitudinal and transverse plates of each lattice assembled from them has been calibrated so that the drainage gaps along the entire perimeter of the cells within each rooting zone have the same value.

 In addition to the separation gratings, the cavity of the containers of the proposed design is divided by single longitudinal plates, the ends of which are inserted into the internal grooves of the side walls of the housing. The longitudinal and transverse plates of the separation gratings have a monolithic design and a thickness of 0.15 0.2 cm. In contrast to them, the single longitudinal plates, as well as the sides of the casing, consist of double parallel plates spaced apart from each other for a certain distance and merged at the edges and in separate intermediate jumpers. Such a device allows for low material consumption to provide sidewalls and partitions with increased strength. The sides of the body have a thickness of 0.8 1 cm, longitudinal partitions of 0.4 0.5 cm. Single longitudinal plates are designed to delimit neighboring rooting zones. In each zone, which is a section of the container cavity isolated on the sides, a separate dividing grating is installed, which is absolutely independent of the gratings of neighboring zones, the cell parameters of which correspond to the size of the substrate pots placed in this zone. In total, two single longitudinal plates and three independent different-sized gratings are installed in each container. The internal grooves of the sides of the body do not reach the bottom level, as a result of which drainage gaps form between the lower edges of the partitions installed in them and the bottom. In order to preserve the value of these gaps along the entire length of the lower edges of single longitudinal plates, they are provided in the middle part with 1 2 support posts, which have the same device as the posts of the longitudinal plates of the separation gratings. In this case, the height of the drainage lumen under each partition is equal to the size of the gaps under the dividing plates of the previous rooting zone, filled with larger substrate pots, and exceeds the height of the gaps of the next, filled with pots of a smaller size.

 The parameters of the conjugated dividing gratings and the container body have a ratio in which the cavity of all three sections of containers is completely covered throughout the cells with the same size corresponding to each rooting zone. Regardless of the size of the drainage gaps, the upper edges of the longitudinal and transverse plates throughout the three separation gratings installed in the capacity of the sections are at the same level. The top of the sides of the substrate pots should be equally closed around the entire perimeter by the plates of the gratings, regardless of the zonal arrangement of the cells. Following the last row of pots of the first rooting zone, the pots of the first row of the second zone communicate with the pots of the previous zone through even higher drainage gaps, and already with the neighboring pots of their zone through smaller gaps. The height of the lumen between the bottom and the longitudinal partitions at the border of neighboring rooting zones determines the direction of intense water flow along the flat surface of the waterproof bottom from the zone with larger cells to the neighboring zone with smaller ones.

 After wetting, the substrate layer installed in the containers swells and, as a result of an increase in the initial volume, the neighboring pots through the drainage gaps come into close contact with the lower sections of the side walls that are pushed towards each other, after which they immediately begin to exchange moisture according to the “wick” principle: where there is less humidity , in those areas and free water moves. The greater the height of the drainage lumen, the more intensively water exchange occurs in this section of the substrate layer.

 After 8-10 shoots are sent from each mother plant to the first ribbon from the batches of substrate pots installed in the docked containers, new growing shoots are sent to the ribbon located on the other side of this row of mother plants, i.e. for filling sockets of each temporarily substituted substrate tape from one uterine plant use a strictly normalized number of first-order shoots. The layout of continuously growing and branching shoots, the pinning of the sockets that have reached the dive stage, is carried out every 2 to 3 days. Such a small interval is necessary in order to completely exclude the impossibility of spontaneous rooting of sockets in pots already occupied by previously pinned sockets and along the edges of free ones. The layout of managed to grow individual nodes in the substrates of the shoots leads to damage to the roots of torn outlets and pots.

 Rosettes are attached exactly in the center of the pots, and when choosing their location in containers, they come primarily from the correspondence of the fixed rosettes on the shoots, the zonal affiliation of the substrate pots selected for its rooting. When the shoots are laid out on the surface of the substrate ribbons, due to some mismatch between the long internodes of high density concentrated in the rooting zones of pots and shoots between the rosettes scattered across the container sections that are scattered at different distances from each other and the mother plants, small horizontal bends of the internodes are allowed. In order to place the next attached socket, you have to bend the less pliable shoots of the first order. However, strong bends of the unfolding shoots in the initial period of filling the substrate tapes are undesirable; since the shoots of continuation that are followed by rosettes attached after strongly curved sections for a while slow down their growth in length, the formation of regular rosettes and branches. This biological feature of strawberries was noticed by the author during the experiment, in which the latter on the shoots of the outlet were fixed next to the rosettes of the previous orders, while bending the connecting sections of the shoots connecting them with a ring. It is known that when the branches of tree crops are bent down, their further growth slows down. It turned out that this feature is characteristic only in a less pronounced form and creeping shoots of herbaceous plants. It is possible that the close proximity of the last and previous outlets also affects the further growth of bent shoots. Although at the same time, the outlets following the bent sections further develop at a normal pace.

 Under natural conditions, small bends of stolons are common, because growing shoots constantly encounter any obstacles in their path, and vegetative families do not respond to them. However, to preserve the population, further feeding of strongly curved end links with uterine plants and rosettes of the previous orders becomes less promising, since the curved shoot does not carry rosettes from the propagated plant, does not contribute to the propagation of the vegetative offspring of the population in space, but is directed to the starting point of resettlement. Obviously, the uterine plants and rosettes of the previous orders receive a hormonal signal from the bent end, and the reverse reaction becomes a decrease in the amount of plastic materials supplied to this section of the shoot, and the released resources go to food with normal orientation and newly formed shoots.

 This evolutionally developed mechanism can also explain the slowdown in the growth of bent branches of woody plants, only they, unlike shoots creeping along the soil surface, were assigned a different task from the beginning. Due to the accelerated growth rates in height, they should as soon as possible take a leading position in the upper, better-lit tiers, overtaking the branches of nearby plants in order to provide normal conditions for photosynthesis to their leaf apparatus, fruiting and seed dispersal. But for branches, such an impact means that they are in extreme conditions and to preserve the population, it is necessary to leave offspring as soon as possible, i.e., to use all the resources for fruiting.

 After bending, the branches sharply slow down growth and undergo qualitative changes, overgrown with fruit branches, which is what gardeners use, using branch bending as a special technique that stimulates the early entry of fruit trees into the fruiting season.

 By the end of container filling near the uterine plants, individual shoots with rosettes fixed in different rooting zones, despite zigzag laying, continue rapid growth in length, completely cross the substrate ribbons and begin to hang from the edges of the containers opposite from the rows of the uterine plants. In order to some extent limit further growth and stop unproductive consumption of nutrients by uterine plants and first-order rosettes, the ends of these shoots are back-fixed, which means that the latter, having reached the picking stage of the rosette, are pinned next to the rosettes of the previous order on adjacent pots, bending located between sections of shoots in a ring and direct the ends of the shoots towards the uterine plants. Reverse fixation is carried out not only along the edges of the containers, but also in the middle sections, with excessive crowding of shoots. Nipping off the ends of the shoots in the presence of a large number of free pots is irrational. If there is no great need for the formation of new outlets, the continuation shoots that are followed by the links bent into the ring are removed. Reverse fixation allows without strong surgical intervention to regulate the density of outlets in the rooting zones.

 The ratio of the parameters of containers with substrate pots and troughs inserted into the rows of mother plants should be such that the shoots laid out on the surface of the substrate tapes have a horizontal position as close to natural as possible along their entire length, starting from the mother plants. At the very beginning of regrowth from the hearts of the uterine plants, the shoots, in appearance resembling at present a spikelet, are directed upwards and for some time they maintain a vertical position. Then, as they grow further, they gradually lower and spread along the surface of the soil. During selective nailing, slightly bent shoot sections can be located not only horizontally, but also rise above the surface of the substrate, preventing further filling of the containers. In order to give all sections of fixed shoots along the entire length of the substrate tapes a convenient horizontal position for work, the internodes that bend upward during fixation are braided with adjacent attached shoots, bending the bent sections to the surface of the substrate pots.

 The width of the containers is limited by the rate of shoot formation. With a decrease in the width of the containers, the rate of filling of substrate ribbons near the uterine plants increases, but at the same time, fewer rosettes are obtained from the shoots involved in the initial filling which have not had time to develop sufficient shoot strength, and in the process of their further growth after separation. As the width increases, the initial filling rate decreases. As a result of longer standstill of containers near the uterine plants, the proportion of shoots that turn out to be superfluous increases, in which, at best, only first-second order sockets are used. Therefore, to achieve the maximum reproduction rate, these factors have to be measured, but since the rate of shoot formation in most varieties is the same, the width of the containers is also a standard value.

 Filling the first and second zones of rooting of the substrate tapes with the sewn sockets completely, and the third one separates the shoots from the uterine plants by 30–40%, cutting in a row all the edges of the docked areas of the shoot sections that are adjacent to the gutters with the uterine plants, regardless of what falls under knife - internodes or nodes. The internodes of wild strawberry shoots remain strong for a long time, until the very end of the growing season, and even after they have completely dried, it can be very difficult to break them with your bare hands. Cutting internodes between outlets in known methods consumes up to 60 70% of the working time spent on the preparation of seedlings. The main reason for such a high complexity is not so much in the high strength of the internodes, but in the disordered arrangement of shoots in the rooting zone. Most of the effort is not spent on the separation itself, but on the search for shared plots, unraveling the shoots. Therefore, the ordered linear-rectangular arrangement of rooted rosettes and sections of shoots intended for phased separation within and outside the containers, clearly visible separation lines, in the proposed method greatly facilitate the operation. At the same time, shoots fixed within the containers are left intact, maintaining the connection between the containers fully rooted during the period of stay of the containers near the mother plants, the most developed rosettes of the first order, and the rooted ropes of the next order, but not yet sufficiently rooted, as well as those located at the very ends shoots with rosettes, which at the time of determination are at the very early stage of formation and have not yet reached the picking stage. Having separated the shoots, the containers of harvested tapes are undocked and transported directly from them from the mother to the secondary filling area. In this section, the containers are again installed in parallel tapes, only now they are joined not by short but long sides, observing the order along the entire length of the tapes and the section, in which the longitudinal edge of the first rooting zone, filled with the strongest first-order rosettes, borders on each container edge filled with the weakest rosettes formed last and partially free of the third zone adjacent. At the moment of separation of the shoots from the uterine plants, except for the pinned ones, in the third rooting zones there should be approximately the same number who have not yet reached the picking stage, but already having clearly distinguishable signs of rosettes.

 Since, after separation, the connection between all shoot links that are fixed and located freely in containers is preserved, having lost the supply of nutrients from the uterine plants, which, due to the significant distance of the food source, even before separation, are no longer of primary importance for the formation of the last links due to the continued supply of nutrients from the rosettes of the previous orders that have already taken root, the shoots moved to the secondary filling section continue their ost further. As the outlet reaches the last orders of the picking stage, they fill in the free pots of the third zone. In the first zones of rooting of the containers, even before the shoots are separated from the uterine plants, a certain amount of unused shoots accumulate. Some of them are represented by insufficiently strong shoots of the second order, rosettes of which there was no place in the first and second zones, and up to the free pots of the third they do not allow to reach the length of the shoots. The main part of the free shoots are those shoots that, by the end of the containers near the mother plants, due to the early formation, optimal for the initial development of the feeding area, long-term maintenance of communication with the mother plants, begin to form, in addition to the early true branches of the main axial shoots of the rosette that appeared first order, while acting as independent uterine plants. At the moment of separation of the first-order shoots from the uterine plants, the data only begin to grow and have only one outlet that has managed to reach the dive stage.

 In known methods based on rooting rosettes near uterine plants and left at the rooting site until the end of cultivation, sprouts are formed independently by first-order rosettes, mass growth of which is usually observed closer to the end of the growing season when the entire area near the uterine plants is already completely occupied by rosettes that appeared earlier shoots tend to remain unused. In methods based on picking rosettes that are simultaneously separated from the uterine plants and shoots, due to early harvesting, insufficient food supply, first-order rosettes are not able or simply do not have time to form their own vegetative offspring. In the proposed method, due to the phased separation of vegetative families, differentiated provision with the area of food of the sockets depending on the order of their formation on the shoots, they stimulate the formation of additional second-order shoots in the first nodes of the axial main shoots and use them for propagation.

 Throwing free shoots from the first zones of rooting of some containers to the edges of neighboring ones, with the rosettes of these shoots complete the filling of free pots of the third zones. Thus, the third rooting zones of all, with the exception of the last in each container tape in the secondary filling section, are sequentially filled with rosettes of shoots from neighboring containers rooted earlier within the same containers. The share of the latter is 20 30%. This approach allows more rational use of the productivity potential of uterine plants, taking into account their relationship with their vegetative offspring. In the proposed method, the object of reproduction is not only individual uterine plants, as whole vegetative families in which the uterine plants occupy a dominant position, while they serve as the primary source of formation and nutrition of first-order shoots, and then, as they grow away from branching areas from them networks, isolation of sockets in independent plants, they become only an integral part of families.

 The length of the containers is limited by the productive width of the grip of human hands. Further lengthening of the containers leads to the fact that after docking the containers with long sides into wide tapes, the substrate pots, which are in the middle part of the tapes, become less accessible, making it difficult to re-fill.

 The period of filling with diving rosettes near the rows of uterine plants of the first substrate tapes is the longest in comparison with the subsequent ones, because at this moment the uterine plants only begin to form shoots, and is 16 to 18 days. Immediately after the removal of the first tapes, along with shoots fixed on them, new places are also immediately installed on the vacated places, also joined from containers pre-filled with substrate pots, oriented with respect to the rows of uterine plants, based on the zonality of the pots of various sizes located in them. At the moment of separation of the shoots of the first ribbons, the filling of rows of uterine plants located on the other side is nearing completion. Since the filling of the second tapes with shoots begins somewhat later, the interval between the separation of the next substrate tapes is 6 7 days. To fill the first third tapes installed in place, use part of the shoots formed by the uterine plants by this time, accumulated on the surface of the second tapes, within the rows of the uterine plants and not involved due to late formation, lack of free pots at their location. The accumulation of a certain supply of free shoots within the tapes that are still filled, but close to separating from the mother plants, allows the initial filling of all the tapes following the first tapes to be accelerated by 5–6 days. All unused shoots before separation of the next tapes are found and blocked from their limits in the direction of being filled with the following, regardless of what stage of formation the shoots are at the moment. Otherwise, during the continuous cutting of all internodes found on the border between the removed containers with rows of uterine plants, the free shoots, along with all of them, will be prematurely separated from the uterine plants and will go to waste.

 After separation of the filled taped shoots in the same zonal proportions, the first, second tapes are undocked and moved to the secondary filling area, and fourth places are installed on the vacant places, etc. Periodic, like a conveyor belt, change of substitute containers with substrate filled for a relatively short period of stay near the rows of uterine plants with a strictly normalized number of first-order shoots, the completion of filling batches of substrate pots of containers with rosettes already outside the mat cherries can be used with the greatest intensity to use the limited productivity potential of uterine plants and the area near them for strawberry propagation, which in turn helps to maximize the reproduction rate, while significantly reducing the cost of manual labor for one commodity outlet.

 Due to the preservation of the connection between shoots and uterine plants during the initial filling of the substrate of the containers and between the last accelerated rosettes with the previous sections of shoots during the secondary filling, both protected and open ground can be used to implement the proposed method, depending on the capabilities of the manufacturer. In the second case, the input of seedlings will decrease by 2–3 times, but the costs of growing will decrease accordingly. The intake of nutrients from the shoots to the peaked sockets serves as a reliable guarantee of their successful rooting and makes this process less dependent on climatic conditions. Combination of protected and open ground is possible. For example, the uterine site is placed in the table, and the secondary filling of the tanks is carried out already in open areas.

 The period from the separation of rooted shoots from uterine plants to the completion of the stage of the secondary filling of containers is 15 17 days. During it, all the pinned, including the last, sockets should have time to form a sufficiently developed root system, fully grown into the substrate, and take a stable position on the pots without the help of hairpins. After that, the sockets are disconnected, completely cutting all the shoot sections located at the borders of the pots and docked containers. In this case, the upper edges of the separation plates and the sides of the containers are used as a guide, on the surface of which the shoots are clearly visible. With a sharp knife, prying off the shoots from below, first conduct along the lines of all longitudinal and then transverse plates, sequentially disconnecting all sockets within each container. At the same time, shoots inside the containers and between them are cut in such a way that the previous sections of the internodes as long as possible go to the sockets used for filling the third zones, including the thrown ones, from the adjacent containers, pinned to the very last ones. The plastic materials stored in the shoot segments extending to the outlets during subsequent movements and growing contribute to better preservation and survival of the latter, the least developed at the time of the separation of the outlets. The longer the interstitial sections extending to outlets, the greater the supply of nutrients after separation.

 The selection of the separated outlets from the container cavities simultaneously on all tapes docked from the containers located on the secondary filling section of the containers starts from the pots of the first rooting zone, then the second one is selected, and the weakest recently fixed on the pots of the third zone are removed from the last released containers. During extraction from containers, sockets that are not sufficiently caught by the roots for the substrate can be torn off, and the re-fixing of weak sockets, after separation of the stronger sockets of the previous orders from the previously feeding them, is less effective. Broken outlets become more demanding of growing conditions and significantly slow down development during growing. Therefore, outlets of the third zone are chosen with extreme caution compared to previous ones. This sequence is strictly observed throughout all the selected tapes for each container.

 During the selection of outlets from containers, they are simultaneously freed from pins. After growing rosettes into substrate pots, the need for fixing the stud disappears. While the bushes of outlets are small, the studs on their background are quite visible. If the studs are skipped to the growing section, then their collection at the outlet of the finished seedlings will become problematic and ultimately some of the studs may be lost. The studs extracted from the pots are collected and, together with the released containers, having previously been disinfected, are again put into circulation.

 The proposed method provides for a continuous selection of sockets at once of all rooting zones, and phased. In the second case, first of all the containers the most developed outlets of the first zone are selected, without touching the shoots of continuation following them, then after a certain period of time the second, and at the very end of the third. Such a sequence of separation and sampling is more rational, since it is as close as possible to the natural sequence of forming rosettes on the shoots, their age.

 Sockets of the first order rather than linen reach the stage of development when they can already be freely used as a ready-made planting material directly from containers or after short-term rearing. Less developed rosettes of the second zone, which are left in containers after removing the sockets of the first zone, continue to feed the sockets of the third zone compared to them, acting as mother plants in relation to them. During this same time, the sockets of the second zone themselves achieve a higher degree of development. In a phased selection of pots of the third zone, they are filled mainly with rosettes of all shoots that are fixed in the same containers. Due to the reduction of the time spent on the site of the secondary filling of the first zone outlets, the proportion of shoots thrown to fill the free pots of the third zones from adjacent containers of shoots is reduced to 5 10% compared with a single sample. The period from the moment of separation of the shoot from the mother plants and the beginning of the secondary filling of containers to the selection of outlets from The first rooting zones is 10 12 days. Following them, after 6-7 days, the sockets of the second zone are selected and after 4-5 days after the second, the sockets of the third zone are removed. Thus, the total residence time of the containers in the secondary filling section, in case of stage-by-stage sampling, is overcome in comparison with the continuous one and amounts to 20 24 days, but at the same time, the output of the first batch suitable for disembarkation at a permanent place of production is accelerated by 5 7 days. The sectional independence of rooting zones greatly facilitates staged sampling.

 Phased sampling for large-scale production is also convenient because it does not create peak loads. Third rooting zones, due to the fact that they border on the first zones of adjacent containers for a short period, are filled with rosettes exclusively of those shoots that are fixed in the previous zones of the same containers. If necessary, the sockets of these areas are left in containers for another 3 4 days after sampling all the other previous zones for better rooting.

 In the case when the technology for growing seedlings provides for a phased selection of sockets, the proposed container design has some distinctive features that correspond to the features of this operation. In order to provide more reliable protection of the lateral surface of the substrate layer left for some time in the tanks of the rooting zones from the side of the selected sections, the single longitudinal plates have a design that allows, if necessary, lower their base to full contact with the bottom surface, thereby eliminating the ones located under them to this drainage gaps. For this, the internal grooves of the sidewalls of the body, in which the longitudinal partitions are mounted, extend to the very bottom, and the support posts can be removed to the side. In this case, a drainage gap between the longitudinal single plates and the bottom is formed only due to the support posts, so they are located not only in the middle part, but also at the ends of the partitions. For each partition there are 3 4 support posts. Unlike stationary, these racks are not merged with partitions, but are attached to them using loops connected by metal rods. At the top of the racks, above the edges on which the bases of the partitions are supported when installed vertically, there are narrower vertical extensions in the form of connecting sleeves compared to the upper supporting part. The width of these bushings is 0.2 0.3 cm, height 0.5 0.5 cm. The axis of the holes passing through them is parallel to the partitions and wide sides of the uprights. The thickness of the top of the support posts is equal to the thickness of the partitions; they narrow to the base by 0.1 0.2 cm. The connecting sleeves are half as thick as the tops of the support posts. They are located relative to each other so that one of the wide sides of the bushings completely coincides with the plane of the side surface of the struts, and the second is shifted to their center. The connecting sleeves of the support posts are installed during assembly in special fixing sockets of the partitions.

 These nests are located on only one side, affecting one of the adjacent plates, vertical local slots of a rectangular shape, starting from the very base of the partitions. Along the perimeter of the slot is bordered by flat jumpers connecting the whole and cut plates. In the lateral bordering jumpers, at a certain height from the base of the partitions, closer to the top of the slots, there are through holes at the same level opposite each other, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the holes of the connecting sleeves of the uprights. The connecting sleeves of the support posts and the lateral jumpers inserted into the grooves of the partitions are combined with holes and are connected by penetrating them with metal rods. To facilitate this operation, the sections of the lower edges of adjacent plates adjacent to the fixing sockets are not merged with each other, but are completely open from below, which makes the cavity of the partitions more accessible to the joints. During bonding, the support posts relative to the partitions are placed so that after connecting and bringing the partitions together with the posts to a vertical position, the tops of the slots of one of the adjacent plates and the upper horizontal bridge bordering the groove, and the edges of the vertices located behind the connecting bushes, are simultaneously supported on the top of the connecting sleeves racks served as a support to the bases of whole plates and lower horizontal lintels. At the same time, the connected sections of the partitions and racks are geometrically completely complementary and have such a ratio of parameters that, if necessary, the support racks, while remaining connected with the partitions, can be turned towards the slots and move the ends of the released partitions in the internal grooves of the sidewalls of the case down to their full contact with the bottom surface, thereby eliminating drainage gaps. Inside the containers, partitions with movable racks are placed so that the grooves of the fixing nests are directed towards the rooting zones chosen primarily: in whose territories the folding racks then turn out. The whole edges of the second adjacent adjacent to the slots of one of the plates reliably cover the lateral surface of the substrate. A constant connection of the support posts with partitions facilitates their transportation and storage.

 While simultaneously clamping the neighboring rooting zones on both sides with substrate pots, the racks are securely held in an upright position by themselves and support the lower edges of the partitions from the bottom surface at the prescribed height, but as soon as the support from the fixing groove disappears, the racks themselves or under the action of small efforts turn away to the side . Considering possible lowering, single longitudinal plates are 0.5-0.7 cm higher in height than the height of the plates of the separation gratings.

 During the selection of outlets, regardless of whether it is solid or phased, first, transverse dividing plates are removed from the substrate layer, which is facilitated by the feature of their connection with the longitudinal ones. When lifting vertically upwards, the cuts of the transverse plates easily come out of the cuts of the longitudinal ones. The absence of a significant part of the plates significantly facilitates the grip of radical clods by hands. It is very difficult to choose sockets with a continuous bordering of substrate pots around the entire perimeter with lattice plates. And the smaller the cell size, the more difficult it is to grab root clods with your hands. Pulling outlets from containers by leaves leads to damage to outlets.

 The upper edges of the separation lattice of the known container design throughout are on the same level with the surface of the substrate. Removing separate dividing plates from the substrate due to the absence of any devices that facilitate the capture of their vertices by hand is very difficult. In the proposed design, specifically for this purpose, it is provided for the presence on the upper edges of the transverse dividing plates of separate vertical protrusions that rise above the gratings and, accordingly, the substrate surface by 0.6-0.8 cm. These protrusions are in the form of flat semicircles and are located above the connecting cutouts of the transverse plates. Similarly to the support posts, due to their location, they contribute to the hardening of the transverse dividing plates and, in general, the joints. Since the plane of these protrusions-grips is perpendicular to the rows of uterine plants and coincides with the direction of the expanded shoots, they do not interfere with picking outlets. After removing the transverse dividing plates from the substrate layer, the longitudinal ones are removed from the containers gradually, in the process of successive sampling of rows of pots elongated along them, which start from one of the long sidewalls and continue in the same direction until the cavities of all sections are completely released. In the course of sampling from containers, in addition to plates of separation gratings, if necessary, single longitudinal partitions are also removed.

 When organizing the primary filling section, between the gutters with the uterine plants, such an interval is established that, taking into account the parameters of containers periodically inserted from both sides to the gutters, there is a passage between them that is sufficient for the free movement of people and technical equipment. The same principle is taken when placing tapes of docked containers in the secondary filling area.

 The sockets that are removed all at once from the tank during a continuous sampling are sorted immediately, dividing, depending on the zonal arrangement, into three, approximately one-return categories, which are grown in separate groups in clearly delineated areas, combining all the sockets of each rooting zone from all the released containers. The size of the cells of the separation gratings, substrate pots, the location in the containers correlate with age, the degree of development, and as physical, clearly distinguishable quantities, serve as peculiar marking signs. If the size of the cells were the same throughout the containers, and the location of the rooted outlets was disordered, then with a time-squeezed sample, sorting out the outlets by the run in development would be impossible.

 Growing in separate equal-sized batches helps to create uniform conditions for growth for all outlets planted within separate sections. Suppression in the process of growing more developed rosettes of the first orders of weaker, subsequent orders, which can be observed on displaced plantings, is completely excluded in that case. For growing, especially when the grown seedlings are intended for winter storage and the excavation dates are delayed until the middle of the end of autumn, the sockets of all three analyzes according to the habit of the bushes are so aligned that after that their age run, and therefore the quality, can be visually determined only on the basis of location on a particular plot of growing.

 A clear distinction between groups of different age groups of rosettes, starting from the moment of rooting of shoots near the uterine plants and remaining right up to the end of the finished product, makes it possible to isolate the most valuable category of plants from the total mass of the obtained seedlings. Selected after growing rosettes of the first rooting zone are used for distillation in sheltered ground, bookmarks of intensive mother liquors. Therefore, during a continuous sampling, with special care, make sure that the outlets of various rooting zones do not mix.

 In the growing area, the selected sockets of each zone are moved in strictly separate containers. In phased sampling, when sockets of only one zone are transported to the growing area, confusion is excluded, which is another advantage.

 Outlets planted for growing provide a larger area compared to what they had in containers. If the final cultivation product is seedlings with a closed root system, rosettes, regardless of the size of the pots on which they were placed, are transplanted into thin-walled hollow pots of pressed peat with a cross-sectional area of 7 8 x 7 8 cm, immediately filling the free spaces between the walls of these pots and basal roots of nutrient substrate, previously liquefied to a creamy mass. In height, the absorbing pots are 0.2 - 0.5 cm higher than the absorbed ones, which allows the cores of the transplanted outlets to remain at the same level with respect to the upper edges of the substrate formations and to ensure the correctness of the subsequent planting of seedlings in a constant place. The transplanted and larger pots of the outlet in the growing areas are placed in a continuous dense layer or in containers of any designs, if only the base and side walls of the batches of pots installed in them are completely protected from rapid drying. Insulation of the pots among themselves due to the short growing time is not required.

 A closed root system contributes to a better survival of planted plants, especially when planting in open ground. However, for long-term, in particular winter, storage, seedlings with bare roots, which can be very compactly stored, are more convenient.

 In the proposed method, rooting outlets on individual substrate pots, i.e., closing the root system, is mandatory only at the intermediate stage of cultivation and is necessary to facilitate the movement of pickled outlets in areas of primary and secondary filling, growing, their subsequent separation, better survival during planting for growing and if necessary, the method with the same efficiency can be used to obtain seedlings with a bare root system. In this case, before installing the containers, it is not the pressed pots that are moved to the rows of the uterine plants, but the loose nutrient substrate is poured into the cells of the separation gratings, and the height of the substrate layer and, accordingly, the side walls of the case, the separation plates to increase the stability of the hairpins is increased to 6.5 7 cm

 Outlets with a free root system are grown on special towers, placing them according to a 8 x 8 cm pattern. After growing, to free the root system of particles of the substrate and giving it a compact appearance, the root lumps of outlets are washed under a strong stream of water. The absence of the ability to preserve the high strength of the sections of pressed peat in root clods until the end of cultivation facilitates the preparation of seedlings for storage. Of course, part of the roots of seedlings with an unprotected root lump at the exit is lost. However, a certain decrease in the quality of planting material more than pays for a more rational use of the expensive volume of winter storages. Outlets with a closed root system are grown for 5 7 days, with bare 6 9.

 During the shoot formation period, depending on where the rosettes are rooted near the uterine plants in open or protected ground, from each row of the uterine plants, from 4 to 9 substrate tapes filled with attached shoots are obtained. Accordingly, from each propagated plant on the uterine site, 45 to 103 fully rooted first-order containers, from 90 to 220, 80 to 95 percent of the total mass, fully rooted second and third order and from 78 to 174 fixed on the surface of the substrate, but mostly still at the initial stage of rooting, rosettes of the last order, formed by vegetative families to the very end ervichnogo filling represented parties substrate pots. After the completion of the secondary filling stage, the number of rosettes rooted in the third zones obtained from one uterine plant increases to 195 - 436. Immediately before the shoots are separated, during the stay in the secondary filling section, the quality of the rosettes of the first and second zones is grown according to external indicators, and after short-term growing of the separation Outlets of third zones become air-conditioned.

 As a result, the total yield of merchandise corresponding to 1 and only a small part of II to the analysis of seedlings from one mother plant of wild strawberries due to the use of the proposed method of growing and devices for its implementation reaches from 330 to 759 pcs which is much higher than the indicators of known methods, including one based on the periodic separation of shoots from uterine plants with the picking of immediately shared sockets. At the same time, the cost of manual labor to obtain one outlet by the proposed method, in comparison with the known ones, especially the prototype, is much lower due to a more rational organization of production.

 The constant movement in the process of rooting and growing rosettes in space, alternating with their successive separation from the uterine plants, previous and subsequent sections of shoots, provides a high phytosanitary level for the proposed method of growing seedlings. Strawberry plants, by virtue of circumstances not yet fully understood, even with severe infection by pathogens form part of absolutely healthy shoots. However, with a long stay at the acceleration site, healthy sockets inevitably become infected from the uterine plants through contact with the vegetative organs with water flows and insects.

 For industrial production, seedlings are used as uterine seedlings by specially selected plants that have passed recreational activities. Nevertheless, accidental introduction of infection into the uterine and growing areas, exacerbated by a decrease in resistance in propagated plants exhausted by the vegetative offspring, is not excluded. Therefore, the quick changeability of containers with pre-disinfected substrate that are inserted into the rows of uterine plants, removal of shoots rooted in containers from possible sources of infection reliably secure the system of special measures for phytosanitary control.

 In addition to strawberries, the proposed method of growing seedlings and devices can be used when propagating any other crops in which creeping shoots are not rooted throughout, namely in distinct distinct nodes that have several leaves and rudimentary roots, in particular flower crops, crested chlorophytum / Chlorophytum comosum /, wattlegate saxifrage / Saxsifraga stolonifera /.

 Given the intensity of pathogen formation, the size of propagated plants and accelerated shoots for growing seedlings of each individual crop, they select their optimal ratio of parameters that make up the proposed technology and devices for its implementation.

 In FIG. 1 is a vertical section; FIG. 2 is a top view of a gutter with uterine plants of wild strawberries and a ribbon set to it from containers filled with substrate pots on the uterine site. In FIG. Figure 2 shows schematically the layout of the shoots accelerated near the mother plants on the surface of the substrate pots of different rooting zones, depending on the order of formation of the rosettes. Roman numerals indicate rooting zones. The diameter of the filled circles indicating the rosettes, and the thickness of the lines indicating the internodes, correspond to their formation order; in FIG. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 the sequence of conveyor filling with shoots of substrate tapes on the uterine site. Circles indicate mother plants, run lines, periodically changing tapes of docked containers in Roman numerals. In FIG. 3 substrate tapes are only exposed to the row of uterine plants and all overgrown shoots are directed for the initial filling of 1 tape; in FIG. -4 filling 1 tape. In FIG. 4 filling 1 tape continues, at the same time filling II begins. In FIG. 5 filling 1 tape came to an end. After the pots of the third rooting zone are surrounded by classes of pinned rosettes, 30-40% of the containers with shoots are removed from the uterine plants. In FIG. 6 in place of the cleaned I is substituted by III, at the same time the filling of the II tape is completed. In FIG. 7, IV was installed in place of substrate substrate II, filling III was started. In FIG. 8 the filling of III tape continues and the layout of the shoots on IV begins; in FIG. 9 is a plan view; FIG. 10 is a vertical section of a container for substituting substrate pots for uterine plants, rooting, subsequent cultivation, and moving rosettes over breeding sites; in FIG. 11 shows a vertical section of a substrate pot intended for rooting creeping shoots near uterine plants by pinning; in FIG. 12 is a vertical section of a pot of this design, filled with a loose nutrient mixture with a fixed outlet; in FIG. 13 is a vertical section of a container cavity in a plane parallel to the short sides of the casing, at the border between the rooting zones I and II, passing through the matching transverse dividing plates; in FIG. 14 is a vertical section through a container cavity in a plane parallel to the long sides of the housing extending along a longitudinal dividing plate.

 In FIG. 15 is a transverse fragment; in FIG. 16 longitudinal plates of a root-resistant spacer grid; in FIG. 17, 18 is a vertical section of a longitudinal partition with a tilting support column; FIG. 17, the partition and the stand are clamped on both sides by a substrate. While in a vertical position, the rack holds the base of the partition above the bottom, providing drainage between the cells of adjacent rooting zones; FIG. 18 - the moment when, during a phased sampling, having lost support from the party of substrate pots that are extracted first of all, the rack leans back into the freed section and the partition is lowered down until its base completely contacts the bottom, eliminating the drainage gap that has become unnecessary; in FIG. 19 is a vertical cross-sectional view of docked containers in a secondary filling area. From the first-order outlet, which, by the end of the secondary filling of the containers, has formed a number of its own first-order shoots, acting as an independent uterine plant, one of these free shoots will be thrown onto the pot of the third rooting zone of the neighboring container; in FIG. 20 “reverse fixation” of the shoot, indicated by the Roman numeral I. Its last rosette is pinned in such a way that the internodes preceding it are curved by a closed ring, and the continuation shoot looks towards a number of uterine plants. The arrow indicates the direction of the layout of shoots on the surface of the substrate layer. For comparison, a fragment of the shoot at number 11 is displayed next to it, laid out in a zigzag pattern; in FIG. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 schematically shows the sequence of the secondary filling of containers with rooted rosettes of shoots, after their separation from the uterine plants. The chain of FIG. 21 of FIG. 22 of FIG. 24 shows the filling sequence for a single selection of outlets from containers, the chain of FIG. 23 of FIG. 25 of FIG. 26 - FIG. 24 at the phased. In FIG. 21 containers are only made up in the secondary filling area, their partially unoccupied third rooting zones in the tapes border the first zones occupied by the strongest outlets of neighboring containers. In FIG. 22 due to the ends of the shoots continuing to grow in length, tossing part of the free shoots from one container to another, the filling of the third zones and, in general, of all docked containers has been completed. In FIG. 24 depicts highly emptied containers. In FIG. 23 shows a fragment of a tape from containers docked in a secondary filling section during phased sampling. In this case, the containers are removed from the uterine area with less filling of their third acceleration zones with pinned outlets. In the filling of the third zones, the share of shoots thrown from one container to another is reduced to 10 15%. The main calculation was made for the shoots that continue to grow in length and branch, despite the separation of shoots from the uterine plants, continuation shoots. In FIG. 25 of the containers selected rosettes of the first rooting zones, rosettes of the second and third zones were left in containers, the shoot sections fixed on them continue to grow and root. In FIG. 26, the pots with the rosettes of the second zones pinned on them were removed, as well as the longitudinal partitions between the first and second rooting zones that became unnecessary. The pots of the third zones are left for some time to better root the last, less developed outlets. Ultimately, this process chain, like the previous one, is pumped out with a full release of containers - FIG. 24.

 In FIG. 27, 28, 29 schematically shows the movement of a branching creeping shoot of strawberries growing in length along breeding sites. In FIG. 27 shoot is depicted at the time of rooting on a substituted substrate tape near the uterine bush. In FIG. 28 the same shoot in the secondary filling area. Sockets are numbered based on the order of formation on the shoot, the time of formation. Under the last number there is a rosette of a shoot thrown to an adjacent container, formed by a first-order rosette, already as an independent uterine plant. In FIG. 29 shows the sockets after separation and growing. Despite the age difference, all of them during the growing period reached conditional sizes and practically do not differ in bush habit.

 The device of the substrate pot made of pressed organics, intended for diving creeping shoots near the uterine plants, fixed on the surface of the pots with the help of hairpins, consists of side walls 7, a cavity for a loose nutrient substrate 9, and a base 8 thickened in the form of a truncated cone, which serves to hold hairpins (Fig. 10).

 A container device designed for rooting shoots near uterine plants, their subsequent cultivation after separation, movements in breeding areas, consists of a rectangular body, merged sidewalls 1, leaf bottom 2, longitudinal partitions dividing the cavity of the container into three isolated sections 3. In the first section located on top is a dividing root-growing lattice with cells of the largest section 4, in the second lattice with cells of a smaller section 5 and in the third lattice with small cells themselves 6. Separating kami grating 14 consist of transverse, parallel short sidewalls, body 10 and longitudinal plates, parallel long sidewalls. The plates are connected by aligning the vertical cutouts 15. On the transverse dividing plates, directly under the connecting cutouts, there are round-shaped ledges 12, which facilitate the extraction of these plates from the substrate layer during the selection of outlets. On the basis of the longitudinal dividing plates, supporting racks 11 are located under the docking cutouts, which hold the longitudinal plates and the entire lattice above the bottom surface, contributing to the redistribution of moisture between adjacent cells. The height of the uprights, and hence the drainage gaps, decreases along the rooting zones from the first to the third. The height of the drainage gaps under the longitudinal partitions is equal to the height of the gaps of the previous zones. The upper level of the substrate layer 13 is slightly below the edges of the separation plates. The longitudinal partitions in the case of a phased sampling may have tiltable support posts 17. When the remaining batch of pots is closed on the inside by the partitions, the need for drainage under them disappears, the drains are tipped off the released section and the partitions 16 are lowered until their base is in full contact with the bottom of the tank (Fig. . 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18).

Claims (6)

 1. A method of growing seedlings of herbaceous crops, including the installation of containers with a substrate near the uterine plants, placing, pinning and rooting shoots with rosettes in the substrate while maintaining shoots for the rooting period of rosettes, separating rooted rosettes from the mother plant, using rooted rosettes with a root lump as planting material, characterized in that for propagation use sockets of all orders, developed both on the axial shoots and on their branches in the process of When growing seedlings, as pots with a substrate, substrate pots are used, which are placed in rectangular rectangular waterproof containers, docked with the smaller side to form a substrate tape, seedlings are grown in two stages, in the first of which rooted rosettes are escaped with the mother plant, and in the second - rosettes are separated from the mother plant, the newly formed rosettes are pinned and rooted until all the pots are filled in containers, after which the rosettes are separated, select tons of containers and grow until the outlets reach all age categories of commodity condition in the secondary filling area, while in the process of propagation the rosettes of each shoot are rooted near the mother plant within the same container, placing the shoots as they grow in length and the formation of successive rosettes on the surface of the substrate tape in a zigzag, avoiding large vertical bends of the shoots between the pinned outlets, and due to a change in the direction of the bent sections towards the uterine plants.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that after the containers are installed near the uterine plants, all shoots formed by the uterine plants are initially directed only to one side, and after filling the entire substrate ribbon with rosettes, the newly formed shoots are sent to the other side, alternately replacing the filled rooted rosettes substrate tapes new on both sides of the uterine bushes.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the power supply area of sockets of various orders is differentiated by differentiating the cross-sectional area of the substrate pots located in three longitudinal zones parallel to the rows of the mother plants, the first of which is the closest to the mother plants the largest pots for rooting outlets of the first order, the second of the pots of a smaller section for rooting outlets of the second and third orders, and the third of the smallest pots for rooting outlets, ormiruemyh on axial shoots and their branches in the least, just before the branch shoots from parent plants.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation of rooted outlets from the mother plants is carried out after the final filling of all the pots of the first and second zones and 30 to 40% of the pots of the third zone with attached rosettes, while maintaining the connection between the rosettes within the same substrate line, which together with the containers are removed from the uterine section and moved to the secondary filling section, where the containers are installed in parallel lines, joining the larger side so that the first zone of rooting of outlets is one The first line borders on the partially occupied third zone of the neighboring line, due to which the filling of the third zone pots with newly formed rosettes, developed on the shoots of the first order rosettes acting as uterine plants, is completed, after which the rooted rosettes are selected from the pots of all zones or phased in zones starting from the first and ending with the third, when separating the shoots at the container boundaries, diverting long segments of shoots to the weakest rosettes, and sorted outlets are grown in equal-sized batches and, or use selected sockets as planting material.  5. A container for growing, transporting and planting seedlings, consisting of side walls, bottom and cells formed by removable partitions included in the grooves of the body and articulated one by the other by means of docking slots made in them, characterized in that in the longitudinal direction the container body is divided into three sections, each of which is divided into cells corresponding to the size of each rooting zone, transverse and longitudinal partitions independent of other sections, while on the transverse partitions above there are round-shaped protrusions for the docking slots, the longitudinal partitions under the docking slots have support racks decreasing along the rooting zones from the first to the third, and the longitudinal partitions dividing the container into sections are made with tilting support racks.  6. A pot for seedlings, consisting of pressed peat, having a rectangular cross section and a rectangular vertical section, characterized in that the bottom of the pot has a greater thickness than the side walls and is made in the form of a truncated cone.

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