RU2071949C1 - Water cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for electrochemical working of natural recycled and sewage waters. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has housing 1, two chambers with insoluble anodes 2, two cathodic chambers 3, anodic chamber with soluble anode 4, four membranes 5, two insoluble perforated anodes 6, four steel perforated cathodes 7, two protective screens 8, perforated bottom 9, pan 10, supplying pipes 11,14,15,16, discharge pipes 12,17, bypass pipeline 13, rod-type current supply 18, current supplies 19. Membrane is positioned between tightly connected perforated insoluble anodes and cathodes and between tightly connected protective screens and perforated cathodes. Prior to directing acidified water to be cleaned to anodic chamber with soluble anode coke powder is introduced into water. EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider operational capabilities and enhanced reliability in operation. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for the electrochemical treatment of natural, circulating and wastewater during their purification from dispersed, emulsified and dissolved impurities.

 The closest in technical essence is a device for the electrochemical treatment of wastewater from hexavalent chromium and heavy metal ions, containing a casing of dielectric material, inside of which, on the one hand, a cathode chamber is located on the entire length of the casing, and on the other hand are two anode chambers with a bypass separating them flat vertical neutral permeable membranes separating the anode chambers from the cathode, a flat vertical steel cathode located in the cathode chamber along the outer wall, a flat vertical insoluble anode placed in the anode chamber along the outer wall, a bulk soluble anode of iron particles placed throughout the volume of the second anode chamber, the bottom of which is perforated and under which the pallet is placed. A smaller part of the volume of water being cleaned in the device (about 30%) is supplied through the nozzle to the lower part of the anode chamber with an insoluble anode and flows from the upper part of the chamber to the bypass chamber, from which it enters the anode chamber with a soluble anode through a tray and a perforated bottom, and is filtered through backfilling of the anode and through the pipe in the upper part of the chamber is directed to mixing outside the device with most of the volume of purified water passed through the cathode chamber. The total processing time of the gadfly in the device is 1.5 minutes (0.025 hours).

The disadvantage of this device is the incomplete purification of water from chromium (VI) with significant energy consumption. So, with an initial concentration of chromium (VI) in the treated water of 86.0 g / m ^{3, the} concentration of chromium (VI) in the purified water was 0.1 g / m ³ , and the power consumption was 8.4 kW • h / m ³ at initial pH of the purified water of 4.3 units.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce energy consumption.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for electrochemical wastewater treatment, comprising a body of dielectric material, vertical flat neutral permeable membranes dividing the internal volume of the body into chambers, a flat vertical steel cathode located in the cathode chamber, a flat vertical insoluble anode located in the anode chamber, a bulk soluble anode of iron particles, placed throughout the volume of another anode chamber, the bottom of which is perforated and under which a tray is placed, p In fact, the water to be purified is supplied to the device through the inlet pipe to the lower part of the anode chamber with an insoluble anode and from the upper part of the chamber is transferred to the anode chamber with a soluble anode, the internal volume of the casing is divided into five chambers by four vertical flat membranes, and a chamber with a soluble an anode, along the outer side walls of the casing there are two isometric chambers with insoluble anodes, between the central and side anode chambers there are two isometric chambers the cathode chambers, the cathode chambers are connected to the tray, the membrane between the anode chamber with the insoluble anode and the cathode chamber is placed between the tightly connected flat perforated insoluble anode and the steel cathode, and the holes in the anode and cathode are aligned, the membrane between the anode chamber with the soluble cathode anode and placed between a tightly connected protective mesh of dielectric material and a perforated steel cathode, the entire volume of purified water is supplied to the anode chambers for processing, and of anode chambers with insoluble anodes, water is passed into the upper part of the anode chamber with a soluble anode through pipelines into which coke is ground to a pulverized state, neutral water is fed into the upper part of the cathode chambers through the nozzles, treated purified water mixed with neutral water from the pallet through the nozzle divert to clarification plants. At low concentrations of impurities in the treated water, the treated water from the tray is sent to the cathode chambers and is diverted to clarification through the nozzles in the upper part of the chambers.

 The novelty of the proposed device is that the inner volume of the casing is divided into five chambers by four vertical flat neutral permeable membranes, with a chamber with a soluble anode located in the central part, two equally sized chambers with insoluble anodes along the outer side walls between the central and side anode chambers have two equally large cathode chambers, cathode chambers are connected to a tray under the anode chamber with a soluble anode, the membrane between the anode chamber A hole with an insoluble anode and a cathode chamber is placed between tightly connected flat perforated insoluble anode and a steel cathode, and the holes in the anode and cathode are aligned, the membrane between the anode chamber with a soluble anode and the cathode chamber is placed between the tightly connected protective mesh of dielectric material and perforated the cathode, the entire volume of purified water is supplied to the anode chambers with insoluble anodes for processing, bypass water is supplied from the anode chambers with insoluble anodes They are injected into the upper part of the anode chamber with a soluble anode through pipelines into which coke is ground to a pulverized state; neutral water is fed into the upper part of the cathode chambers through the nozzles; treated purified water in a mixture with neutral water from the sump is taken through the nozzle to clarification plants. At low concentrations of impurities in the treated water, the treated water from the tray is sent to the cathode chambers and taken to clarification through the nozzles in the upper part of the chambers.

 This technical solution has significant differences, since in the studied sources of patent information technical solutions with features equivalent and identical to the data were not found.

 The drawing shows a diagram of the proposed device.

 The device comprises a housing 1, two chambers with insoluble anodes 2, two cathode chambers 3, an anode chamber with a soluble anode 4, four membranes 5, two insoluble perforated anodes 6, four steel perforated cathodes 7, two protective nets 8, a perforated bottom 9, a pallet 10, inlet pipes 11, 14, 15, 16, outlet pipes 12, 17, bypass pipe 13, rod current supply 18, current supply 19.

 The device operates as follows.

 The anode chamber 4 is filled with iron particles (for example, steel shavings) and a constant electric current voltage from an external source is supplied to the current leads. Purified water is supplied through the nozzles 11 to the anode chambers 2, and neutral water is supplied through the nozzles 16 to the cathode chambers 3. Due to the electrolysis of water on the surface of the anodes 6, oxygen is released and the purified water passing through the chamber 2 is acidified, and hydrogen is released on the surface of the cathodes 7 and the neutral water passing through the chamber 3 is made alkaline. The acidified purified water through the nozzles 12 through the bypass pipelines 13, into which the dust particles of coke are introduced through the nozzles 14, through the nozzle 15 enters the upper part of the anode chamber 4. In the chamber 4, the coke particles moved by the water flow come into contact with the iron particles and form many short-term particles galvanopar iron-coke, which cause the process of galvanic coagulation in the purified water, the main components of which are the dissolution of iron particles with the release of iron (II) ions into the water and the restoration of hydrogen ions to atomic hydrogen. In the presence of chromium (VI) in water, it is reduced to chromium (III) due to the oxidation of iron (II) to iron (III). As water moves in the porous mass of iron particles, its acidity decreases and the activity of the process of dissolution of iron decreases. The decrease in water acidity is partially compensated by its electrolysis at the surface of the membrane 5, and in the cathode chamber 3, neutral water is equivalently alkalinized. The treated purified water from the chamber 4 through the perforated bottom 9 enters the pan 10, where it is mixed with alkalized neutral water entering the pan from the chambers 3; the mixture of water from the pallet 16 through the pipe 17 is discharged to the clarification unit (option I).

 With a small concentration of impurities in the treated water, instead of neutral water, the purified water can be sent to the cathode chambers 3 from the tray 10. In the cathode chambers, the purified water is alkalized, which leads to the accelerated formation of hydroxide precipitates in the chambers, including iron hydroxides released in the anode chamber 4. Through the nozzles 16, the purified water from the chambers 3 is discharged to clarification plants (option II).

 Examples of water treatment.

 Example 1

Conducted water purification with a concentration of chromium (VI) of 88.1 mg / DM ³ and a pH of 9.2 units.

Water treatment was carried out under the following conditions: coke consumption of 10 g per 1 m ^{3 of} water; the time of water treatment in the anode chamber with a soluble anode is 3.3 minutes (0.055 h); Neutral water consumption 15% of the treated; relative cathodic density of direct electric current 45 A / m ² ; the voltage across the busbars is 7.5 V. The mixture of treated purified water and neutral chromium (VI) water did not contain. Electricity for water treatment was spent 145.5 Ah in terms of 1 m ^{3 of} purified water, the energy consumption amounted to 1.09 kW h / m ³ .

 Example 2

 The same water was purified as in Example 1.

Water treatment was carried out under the following conditions: coke consumption and 10 g per 1 m ^{3 the} time of water treatment in the anode chamber with a soluble anode is 3.3 minutes; Neutral water consumption 15% of the treated; relative cathodic density of direct electric current 432 A / m ² ; the voltage across the busbars is 7.0 V. The mixture of treated purified water and neutral water contained chromium (VI) at a concentration of 0.07 mg / dm ³ .

 Example 3

 Purified the same as in example 1, water.

Water treatment was carried out under the following conditions: current leads to the anode chamber with a soluble anode were disconnected; coke consumption of 10 g per 1 m ^{3 of} water; the time of water treatment in the anode chamber with a soluble anode is 3.3 minutes; Neutral water consumption 15% of the treated; the relative cathodic density of the direct electric current is 87 A / m ² , the voltage on the current-carrying buses is 10.0 V. The mixture of treated purified water and neutral water contained chromium (VI) at a concentration of 0.94 mg / dm ³ . Electricity for water treatment was spent 145.5 Ah in terms of 1 m ^{3 of} purified water, the energy consumption amounted to 1.45 kW • h / m ³ .

 Example 4

Conducted water purification with a concentration of chromium (VI) of 29.4 mg / DM ³ and a pH of 9.2 units.

Water treatment was carried out under the following conditions: coke consumption of 5 g per 1 m ^{3 of} water; the time of water treatment in the anode chamber with a soluble anode is 3.3 minutes; relative cathodic density of direct electric current 45 A / m ² voltage on current-carrying tires 7.5 V. Purified water was passed through the cathode chamber; the treated water did not contain chromium (VI) at the exit from the cathode chamber. 145.5 A h / m ^{3 was} spent on electricity for water treatment, the energy consumption amounted to 1.09 kW • h / m ³ . After 24 hours of operation of the device in the cathode chambers, sedimentation was detected.

 Example 5

Conducted water purification with a concentration of chromium (VI) of 22.0 mg / DM ³ and a pH of 9.2 units.

Water treatment was carried out under the following conditions: consumption of coke 4.5 g per 1 m ^{3 of} water; the time of water treatment in the anode chamber with a soluble anode is 3.3 minutes; relative cathodic density of direct electric current 45 A / m ² , voltage on current-carrying tires 7.5 V. Purified water was passed through the cathode chamber; treated water at the exit from the cathode chamber of chromium (VI) did not contain. 145.5 A • h / m ^{3 was} spent on electricity for water treatment, the energy consumption amounted to 1.09 kW • h / m ³ . After 24 hours of operation of the device in the cathode chambers no precipitation was detected.

 A comparison of the data of examples 2 and 1 shows that a decrease in the amount of electricity spent on water treatment by 6.3% led to incomplete purification of water from chromium (VI).

 From a comparison of the data of examples 3 and 1 it is seen that the cessation of electricity supply to the anode chamber with a soluble anode, i.e. the cessation of additional acidification of water in the chamber led to the under-purification of water from chromium (VI), although the consumption of electricity remained unchanged.

 A comparison of the data of examples 5 and 4 shows that at a certain level of impurity concentration in the treated water, it is possible to direct the purified water to the cathode chambers, i.e. the use of directly purified water as neutral water.

 A comparison of the data of example 1 and the prototype shows that the proposed device allows you to completely purify water from chromium (VI) at lower energy costs.

Claims (1)

 A water treatment device comprising a body of dielectric material separated by vertical inert membranes into a cathode chamber with a plate vertical steel cathode, an anode chamber with an insoluble anode and a water inlet pipe in its lower part, and an anode chamber with a soluble bulk anode of iron and a perforated bottom, a pallet under the anode chamber with a soluble anode, catholyte and anolyte outlet pipes, characterized in that the casing is five-chamber, the two outermost and central chambers are made anode, interconnected by a pipeline equipped with inlets for feeding crushed coke, while the extreme chambers are made equal and provided with insoluble anodes, and the central chamber is equipped with a bulk soluble anode and insulator grids, the chambers placed between the extreme and central chambers are made cathode and equal in the upper part are water inlet pipes and interconnected by a tray, insoluble anodes and cathodes are perforated, membranes separating the anode chambers with insoluble anodes and cathode chambers are placed between the insoluble anode and cathode firmly pressed against it, while the perforation of the electrodes is made coaxially, membranes separating the anode chamber with the bulk electrode and the cathode chambers are placed between the dielectric and the cathode tightly pressed to it, the pallet is equipped with a mixture outlet pipe catholyte and anolyte.