RU2053038C1 - Method of making spherical vessels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metal forming. SUBSTANCE: method comprises steps of bending sheet blanks in the form of half-rings to cone shells and welding them along their generatrices; providing an apex angle of the cone shell, being equal to 60 degrees, a diameter of its large base, being equal to doubled diameter of its small base and to a diameter of the spherical vessel; welding to the small base of each cone shells flat discs with formation of cone cups, being mutually welded to form a hollow welded blank; subjecting the hollow blank, had been received, to hydraulic blowing until formation of the spherical vessel. EFFECT: enlarged using range of the method. 1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the creation of spherical containers used in the manufacture of aircraft in the chemical, petrochemical and other industries.

A known method of manufacturing vessels of a spherical shape, including the cutting of sheet material into constituent elements and the manufacture of a cylindrical shell and two elliptical bottoms, which are welded together and the resulting semi-finished product is given a spherical shape by hydraulic blowing [1]
However, to accomplish this, special press equipment and die forming tooling are required.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved effect is a method of manufacturing spherical vessels, comprising cutting sheet metal into components, welding them together in an icosahedron and giving the resulting welded billet a spherical shape by hydraulic blowing [2]
However, the meeting of five welds at one point leads to a decrease in the strength of the material in these areas and the appearance of burns in the workpieces, which reduce the quality of spherical-shaped vessels obtained from them by hydraulic blowing. In addition, this method does not allow to automate the assembly and welding process.

 The technical result achieved by using the present invention consists in reducing the length of the welds and, as a consequence, in improving the quality of products and reducing the complexity of their manufacture.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing spherical-shaped vessels, including cutting sheet material into constituent elements, welding them together and giving the resulting welded billet a spherical shape by hydraulic blowing, when cutting sheet material, two flat disks and two sheet blanks bent into conical shells are obtained whose edges are welded along a generatrix, with the apex angle of the conical shroud 60 is determined to be ^of a diameter twice the diameter of the larger base and smaller than the diameter of receptacle spherical shape, the welding of the constituent elements among themselves is carried out in two stages, at the first of which a flat disk is welded to the smaller base of each conical shell, forming a conical bowl, and at the second stage the conical cups are welded together.

 In FIG. 1 shows a hollow welded billet, a longitudinal section and its isometry; in FIG. 2 geometric parameters of the constituent elements of the workpiece for their subsequent welding and shaping into a spherical vessel; in FIG. 3-5 stages of hydraulic blowing of a welded billet into a spherical vessel.

The hollow welded billet 1 (Fig. 1) for the manufacture of a spherical vessel 2 (Fig. 5) includes two disks 3 and 4 with a diameter equal to the radius of the sphere R _sf D _sf / 2, and two shells 5 and 6 in the form of a truncated cone with a diameter the largest base AD (figure 1), equal to the diameter of the sphere D _sf , and with the diameter of the smallest base of the sun, equal to 0.5 D _sf . The angle at the top of the conical shell takes β 60 ^about , which provides a combination of the smallest degrees of deformation of the welds and the walls of the spherical product.

For the manufacture of a single vessel of a spherical shape with a diameter of D _sph or cutting a sheet of material, it is necessary to obtain two flat disks 7 with a diameter of d D _sph / 2 and two flat billets in the form of half rings 8 with an outer radius R _n AO 'D _sph and an inner radius R _vn BO' D _sf / 2.

, (1) где R_н наружный радиус развертки.The sweep angle α of the sweeps to obtain truncated cones is established from a known ratio
R _n • α πD _sf or α

, (1) where R _{n is the} outer radius of the sweep.

D_сф. Откуда α

π. (2)
Для получения полой заготовки 1 листовые развертки подвергают изгибу в конические обечайки 5 и 6 и сваривают по образующей с образованием угла β при их вершине, равным 60^о. После этого сварку составных элементов 3, 4, 5 и 6 заготовки производят в два этапа: на первом этапе к меньшему основанию каждой из конических обечаек 5 и 6 приваривают плоские диски 3 и 4 с образованием конических чаш, при этом к одному из дисков предварительно приваривают штуцер (не показан); а на втором этапе конические чаши сваривают между собой по наибольшему диаметру оснований в полую заготовку 1.Due to the fact that at the top of the truncated cone, the angle β is taken equal to 60 ^about , according to figure 1 we have (with OA D _sf / 2)
R _n =

D _sf . Whence α

π. (2)
For a hollow shell sheet 1 is subjected to bending in the scanning conical mantle 5 and 6 are welded along a generator to form an angle β with their vertex equal to ^about 60. After that, the welding of the constituent elements 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the workpiece is carried out in two stages: at the first stage, flat disks 3 and 4 are welded to the smaller base of each of the conical shells 5 and 6 with the formation of conical bowls, while one of the disks is pre-welded fitting (not shown); and at the second stage, conical bowls are welded together along the largest diameter of the bases into a hollow billet 1.

 Then, liquid 9 is supplied through the nozzle (not shown) into the obtained hollow billet 1 (Fig. 3), from the side of which pressure is created by means of a pumping station to form it first into an intermediate mold 10, and then into a vessel 2 of a spherical shape (Fig. 5) )

, (3) где σ_в предел прочности материала заготовки, кгс/см²;
S_o исходная толщина материала, мм;
R_сф D_сф/2 радиус сосуда сферической формы, мм.The fluid pressure q for hydroflowing a hollow welded billet 1 into a spherical vessel 2 is set according to the formula
q

, (3) where σ _{is the} tensile strength of the workpiece material, kgf / cm ² ;
S _{o the} initial thickness of the material, mm;
R _sf D _sf / 2 radius of a vessel of spherical shape, mm.

 After hydraulic blowing of the hollow billet 1 into the vessel 2, the liquid is removed, it should be borne in mind that hydraulic blowing combines the operations of controlling the tightness and strength of the product.

0,044 4,4% (4) а осредненную степень деформации стенки сферического сосуда, получаемую при гидрораздуве рассматриваемой заготовки 1 в изделие, устанавливаем по формуле
ε_s=

, (5) где F_о площадь поверхности сферы;
F_θ площадь поверхности сварной заготовки.For the accepted values of the angle β 60 ^о at the top of the truncated cones and the diameters of the bases equal to D _sf and D _sf / 2, we obtain the degree of deformation of the weld ε _e in the workpiece along the cone generatrix
ε _e =

0.044 4.4% (4) and the average degree of deformation of the wall of a spherical vessel obtained by hydroflowing the preform 1 in the product is established by the formula
ε _s =

(5) where F _{on the} surface area of the sphere;
F _θ surface area of the welded billet.

πD $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{сф}}$ (7), согласно формуле (5) устанавливаемым
ε_s=

0,125 12,5% (8)
Предлагаемый способ изготовления сосудов сферической формы, характеризуемый малыми степенями по сварному шву (ε_e 0,044) и по поверхности (ε_S 0,125), способствует применению его при изготовлении сосудов сферической формы из малопластичных и труднодеформируемых материалов и сплавов (например, из титановых и молибденовых сплавов). При этом изготовление всего четырех разверток для составных элементов полой сварной заготовки осуществляется на универсальном оборудовании и без применения специальной формообразующей оснастки, а выполнение сварочных работ поддается автоматизации, что обеспечивает изготовление сосудов сферической формы при значительном снижении трудоемкости по сравнению с прототипом.Whereas F _o π D $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{sf}}$ (6) and F _θ

πD $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{sf}}$ (7) according to formula (5) established
ε _s =

0.125 12.5% (8)
The proposed method for the manufacture of spherical vessels, characterized by small degrees of weld (ε _e 0,044) and on the surface (ε _S 0,125), contributes to its use in the manufacture of spherical vessels from low-plastic and difficult to deform materials and alloys (for example, from titanium and molybdenum alloys ) In this case, the manufacture of only four reamers for the constituent elements of a hollow welded billet is carried out on universal equipment and without the use of special forming tools, and welding operations can be automated, which ensures the manufacture of spherical vessels with a significant reduction in labor intensity compared to the prototype.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SPHERICAL FORM VESSELS, including cutting sheet material into constituent elements, welding them together and giving the resulting welded billet a spherical shape by hydraulic blowing, characterized in that when cutting the sheet material, two flat disks and two sheet blanks are obtained, after which the sheet blanks are bent into conical shells and edges are welded along the generatrix, while the angle at the top of the conical shell is taken to be 60 ^o , the diameter of the larger base - twice the diameter of the smaller and equal to meter of a vessel of a spherical shape, the components are welded together in two stages, at the first of which a flat disk is welded to the smaller base of each conical shell, forming a conical bowl, and at the second stage the conical cups are welded together.

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