RU2048530C1 - Metal desulfuration process automatic control method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ferrous metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: particular aggregate on operational site is supplied with materials, that provide after ladle heat finishing aggregate given concentration of steel and sulfur. Determination of material type is exercised before pig-iron processing, using method of estimation of present materials and their special consumption. EFFECT: decrease of expenditures on metal desulfuration and increase of its quality. 3 dwg, 5 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy and is intended to control the desulfurization process in the technological area of a pig-iron ladle-converter-steel-pouring ladle-installation of lapping of the smelting in the ladle (UDPK).

 Known methods for controlling the desulfurization process in individual process units.

 A known method of controlling the process of desulfurization of cast iron in an iron ladle, including the supply of magnesium to the ladle, measuring the flow rate of the supplied magnesium, control (software) the flow of magnesium.

 A known method of controlling metal desulfurization in a converter, including measuring the sulfur content of pig iron supplied to the converter, measuring the sulfur content of steel produced from the converter, and lime additive as a control action.

 A known method of controlling the out-of-furnace treatment of steel, including measuring the sulfur content of cast iron supplied to the converter, measuring the sulfur content of steel discharged from the converter into the steel ladle, feeding synthetic slag to the ladle before releasing steel, ferromanganese and silicomanganese during the steel being fed , blowing the steel with silicocalcium powder, measuring the sulfur content in the steel after blowing it with silicocalcium.

 The disadvantages of the known methods is the control of the desulfurization process only on a separate unit, which does not allow to minimize the cost of desulfurization of the metal as a whole in the cast iron bucket-UDPK section and, as a result, to minimize the cost of the metal produced while improving its quality.

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of desulfurization of the metal and improve its quality.

) в чугуне по нескольким последним выпускам его из доменной печи, определяют наличие десульфурирующих материалов и возможность их подачи в чугуновозный ковш, конвертер, сталеразливочный ковш, УДПК из условия работоспособности систем, подающих эти материалы к отдельным агрегатам, определяют наличие лома и возможность его подачи в конвертер, виды лома по среднему содержанию в нем серы, для выплавляемой марки задают максимально допустимое содержание серы в (S_р*) в металле после УДПК, по заданному значению S_р*, наличию материалов L для подачи в сталеразливочный ковш при выпуске плавки из конвертера, наличию материалов (М) для подачи в УДПК методом перебора определяют диапазон (Δ S_к* S_кmax* S_кmin*) допустимых значений содержаний серы (S_к*) в стали после конвертера при различных сочетаниях вида и удельного расхода материалов L и М, по значению S_о или при его отсутствии по

, наличию материалов (j) для подачи в чугуновозный ковш, наличию материалов (К) для подачи в конвертер методом перебора определяют диапазон (Δ S_к**= S_кmax** S_кmin**) возможных содержаний серы (S_к**) в стали после конвертера при различных сочетаниях вида и удельного расхода материалов j и К для различных видов используемого лома, выделяют из диапазонов ΔS_к* и Δ S_к** значения содержания серы (

), удовлетворяющие условию S_кmin** ≅

≅ S_кmax*, из которых выбирают то значение содержания серы (S_к'), для которого выполняется условие S_к** ≅

≅ S_к*, а сочетание материалов j,', K', L', M' и вида лома удовлетворяют условию минимальной себестоимости (Σ ПП_min') материалов и энергозатрат, включая затраты на лом, и обеспечивают получение серы в металле S_р ≅ S_р*, затем производят десульфурацию чугуна в чугуновозном ковше материалами j', осуществляют завалку в конвертер лома выбранного вида и заливают чугун, производят десульфурацию металла в конвертере материалами K', после измерения содержания серы (S_к) в стали, выпускаемой из конвертера, определяют условие S_к ≅ S_кmax* и при его выполнении определяют значения L'' и M'', обеспечивающие выполнение условия П П_min'', где П_min'' значение минимальной себестоимости материалов и энергозатрат для материалов L и М из сочетаний, соответствующих содержаниям серы S_к*, удовлетворяющих условию S_к ≅ S_к* ≅ S_кmax*, а при S_к > S_кmax* изменяют марку выплавляемой стали и допустимое содержание серы S_р* в металле после УДПК, для которого определяют новые значения Δ S_к*, S_кmax*, S_кmin*, L'', M''. Далее производят десульфурацию стали в сталеразливочном ковше и на УДПК соответственно материалами L'' и M''. После десульфурации на УДПК измеряют S_р и сравнивают с S_р*, при S_р ≅ S_р* направляют сталь на установку непрерывной разливки стали (УНРС), при S_р > S_р* и температуре (Т_ст) стали больше заданного по технологии значения (Т_ст*) производят дополнительную десульфурацию стали на УДПК, при S_р > S_р* и Т_ст ≅ Т_ст* производят переназначение марки стали по содержанию серы и направляют ее на УНРС.This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the method for automatically controlling the desulfurization process, mainly in the technological section, the pig-iron ladle-converter-steel-pouring ladle-UDPK, including the measurement of sulfur content (S _o ) in cast iron fed by the pig-iron ladle to the converter, the desulfurization materials are fed into iron ladles and the converter, measuring the sulfur content (S _k) in the steel discharged from a converter feeding of desulfurizing materials in casting ladle at tapping from the converter, innings desulfurizing a material in processing steel ladle smelting UDPK, measurement of the sulfur content (S _p) in the steel after processing it on UDPK, further comprising determining the average sulfur content (

) in cast iron, according to several recent releases from the blast furnace, the presence of desulfurizing materials and the possibility of their supply to the cast iron ladle, converter, steel pouring ladle, UDPK are determined from the operability of the systems supplying these materials to individual units, they determine the presence of scrap and the possibility of its supply to converter, types of scrap according to the average sulfur content in it, for the smelted grade, set the maximum allowable sulfur content in (S _p *) in the metal after the UDP, at a given value of S _p *, the presence of materials L for supply into the steel pouring ladle when releasing the smelting from the converter, the presence of materials (M) for feeding to the UDPK by exhaustive search determines the range (Δ S _to * S _кmax * S _кmin *) of admissible sulfur contents (S _to *) in the steel after the converter with various combinations type and specific consumption of materials L and M, according to the value of S _about or in its absence according to

, the availability of materials (j) for feeding into the pig-iron bucket, the presence of materials (K) for feeding to the converter by exhaustive search determine the range (Δ S _to ** = S _кmax ** S _кmin **) of possible sulfur contents (S _to **) in steel after the converter for various combinations of the type and specific consumption of materials j and K for various types of scrap used, the sulfur content (from the ranges ΔS _k * and Δ S _k **

) satisfying the condition S _кmin ** ≅

≅ S _kmax *, from which the sulfur content value (S _k ') is selected for which the condition S _k ** выполняется

≅ S _k *, and the combination of materials j, ', K', L ', M' and the type of scrap satisfy the condition of minimum cost (Σ PP _min ') of materials and energy consumption, including the cost of scrap, and ensure the production of sulfur in the metal S _p ≅ S _p *, then the pig iron is desulphurized in a pig-iron ladle with materials j ', the scrap of the selected type is loaded into the converter and cast iron is poured, the metal is desulphurized in the converter with K' materials, after measuring the sulfur content (S _к ) in the steel produced from the converter determine the condition of S _to S ≅ _Kmax * and when it is running op edelyayut values L '' and M '', providing that the condition n n _min '', where P _min '' value of the minimum cost of materials and energy for materials L and M of combinations corresponding S sulfur content _to * satisfying the condition S _to ≅ S _to * ≅ S to _max *, and for S _to > S to _max * change the grade of smelted steel and the allowable sulfur content S _p * in the metal after the UDP, for which new values are determined Δ S _to *, S to _max *, S to _min *, L``, M ''. Then, desulphurization of steel is carried out in the steel pouring ladle and at the UDPC, respectively, with materials L '' and M ''. After desulfurization at the SAC, S _{p is} measured and compared with S _p *, at S _p ≅ S _p *, steel is sent to a continuous steel casting unit (UNRS), at S _p > S _p * and temperature (T _st ) the steel is higher than specified by technology the values (T _st *) produce additional desulfurization of steel at the UDPC, at S _p > S _p * and T _st ≅ T _st * reassign the steel grade by sulfur content and send it to the UNRS.

 In FIG. 1 is a setup illustrating a method.

It contains a blast furnace 1, a cast-iron ladle 2, a converter 3 with a lance 4, a steel pouring ladle 5, UDPK 6, hoppers 7 for feeding desulfurizing materials to the cast-iron ladle 2 (for example, CaO + CaF ₂ , Na ₂ CO ₃ powders, granular magnesium and etc.), a CaO powder hopper 8 for feeding into the tuyere 4, a lumpy CaO hopper 9 for adding to the converter 3, arrow 10 indicates the input of various types of scrap into the converter, bins 11 for feeding desulfurizing materials under the stream into the steel pouring ladle 5 (for example , liquid or solid mixture of lump CaO and CaF ₂ , synthetic slags, under which are caused by a stream of metal when it is drained from the converter to the bucket), bins 12 for supplying desulfurizing materials to UDPC 6 (for example, SiCa, CaC ₂ powders, lump or powder mixture of CaO and CaF ₂ ), means 13 for determining the presence of materials in bins 7 , 8, 9, 11, 12 types of scrap and the possibility of introducing these materials if they are available in technological units, i.e. operability of systems supplying these materials, means 14 for determining the sulfur content in the metal, computers 15, display means 16.

 The dashed lines in the drawing indicate the sampling of metal after various technological units and the transfer of these samples to the means 14 for determining the S content in the metal, arrows indicate the direction of movement of the metal between the units, solid lines indicate the direction of movement of materials from the hoppers to the units, as well as electrical connections.

 When cast iron is exhausted from the blast furnace 1 or directly from the iron ladle, cast iron is sampled to determine its sulfur content. As a means 14, a quantometer can be used for this purpose.

Data on the sulfur content (S _o ) in cast iron for this smelting is transferred to a computer 15 for further use in calculating the type and amount of desulfurization materials supplied to various units.

по нескольким последним выпускам чугуна из доменной печи. Данная операция необходима, поскольку не исключена ситуация, при которой определение S_o по тем или иным причинам технического характера невозможно. Тогда для дальнейших расчетов вместо S_o используется

.The computer 15 also calculates the current average sulfur content

on several recent issues of cast iron from a blast furnace. This operation is necessary because a situation is not ruled out in which the determination of S _o for one reason or another of a technical nature is impossible. Then for further calculations, instead of S _{o is} used

.

) в каждом из видов лома.Using means 13, the presence of materials in the bins 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 is determined, for example, by the signals of the weight sensors of each bunker; determine the operability of the systems supplying these materials, for example, by relay signals that monitor the operability of actuators and control circuits. The last operation can be carried out manually from a remote control. Initial information about the availability of materials in the bunkers and the operability of the equipment supplying materials are transmitted to the computer 15. Information about the presence of various types of scrap metal that can be used in converter 3 is also entered into the computer 15, for example, cutting of rolling shops (scrap scrap), imported scrap and etc. The information entered is accompanied by data on the average sulfur content (

) in each type of scrap.

The following designations have been introduced to identify materials supplied to various units:
j materials (type and specific consumption) that can be introduced into the iron bucket 2;
In addition, to converter 3;
L the same in a steel-pouring ladle when releasing melting;
M is the same when processing at UDPK.

In the computer 15 for the upcoming melting injected maximum sulfur content (S _p *) in the metal after UDPK 6. Next, the computer 15 by the value (S * _p) and data on L and M enumeration method determines the range (Δ S _to * S * S _{Kmax kmin} *) of possible values of sulfur content (S _k *) in the metal after converter 3, with various combinations of the type and specific consumption of materials L and M, necessary to obtain after UDP 6 metal with a sulfur content not exceeding S _p *, i.e. .

S _to * F ₁ (S _p *, L, M)
The principle of enumeration (enumeration is indicated by the index F), taking into account the desulfurizing ability of individual materials will be described below.

) и данным по j и К методом перебора определяет диапазон (Δ S_к** S_кmax** S_кmin**) возможных значений содержания серы (S_к**) в металле после конвертера 3 при различных сочетаниях вида и удельного расхода материалов j и К для различных видов используемого лома (

):
S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{к}}$ ^* F₂(S₀,

,j,K)
Далее ЭВМ 15 из диапазонов Δ S_к* и Δ S_к** выделяет значения содержания серы (

), удовлетворяющие условию:
S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{к}}$ ^* _min ≅

≅ S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{к}}$ _max
Из всех возможных значений S_к* отбираются те, которые при воздействии набора материалов L и М после УДПК 6 обеспечат содержания серы в металле, не превосходящее S_р*, но одновременно эти значения S_к* не должны быть меньше значения S_кmin**, характеризующего максимально возможную десульфурацию чугуна в чугуновозном ковше материалами j, расплава в конвертере материалами К при использовании на плавку наиболее чистого по сере лома, иначе получение серы в расплаве после УДПК 6, не превосходящего S_р*, не гарантировано.Next, the computer 15 by the value of S _o (or in its absence by

) and the data on j and K by the enumeration method determines the range (Δ S _k ** S _kmax ** S _kmin **) of possible values of sulfur content (S _k **) in the metal after converter 3 for various combinations of type and specific consumption of materials j and K for various types of scrap used (

):
S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{to}}$ ^* F ₂ (S ₀ ,

, j, K)
Next, the computer 15 from the ranges Δ S _to * and Δ S _to ** selects the values of sulfur content (

) satisfying the condition:
S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{to}}$ ^* _min ≅

≅ S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{to}}$ _max
Of all the possible values of S _k *, those are selected that, when exposed to a set of materials L and M after UDPK 6, will provide a sulfur content in the metal not exceeding S _p *, but at the same time these S _k * values should not be less than the value S _kmin **, characterizing the maximum possible desulfurization of cast iron in an iron ladle with materials j, the melt in the converter with materials K when using the most pure scrap metal for melting, otherwise the production of sulfur in the melt after UDC 6, not exceeding S _p *, is not guaranteed.

, принадлежащих Δ S_к* и Δ S_к**, выбирает то значение (

), для которого выполняется условие S_к** ≅

≅ S_к*, а сочетание материалов j', K', L', M' и вида лома (

) удовлетворяют условию минимальной себестоимости (Σ П П_min') производимого металла, т.е. для которого энерго- и сырьевые затраты на десульфурацию металла, включая затраты на лом, будут минимальны.Next, the computer 15 of the selected values

belonging to Δ S _k * and Δ S _k **, selects that value (

) for which condition S _к ** ≅

≅ S _k *, and the combination of materials j ', K', L ', M' and the type of scrap (

) satisfy the condition of minimum cost (Σ P P _min ') of the metal produced, i.e. for which energy and raw materials costs for metal desulfurization, including scrap costs, will be minimal.

), определенные из условия Σ П П_min'.The computer 15 outputs to the means 16 display values j ', K', L ', M', the type of scrap (

) defined from the condition Σ P P _min '.

) выбранного вида и заливка чугуна, осуществляется десульфурация металла в конвертере 3 материалами К'.Cast iron is desulphurized in a ladle with 2 materials j ', filling into a converter 3 scrap (

) of the selected type and cast iron casting, metal desulfurization is carried out in the converter 3 with materials K '.

A metal sample is taken from converter 3 at the end of the purge and the sulfur content in it S _k is measured.

When the condition S _to ≅ S _кmax * is _{fulfilled, the} computer 15 selects those combinations L and М that satisfy the condition S _to ≅ S _к * ≅ S _кmax *, and from the selected ones it selects the ratio L '' and М '' that ensures that the condition minimum cost price П П _min '', where П _min '' is the value of the minimum cost of materials L and М and energy costs associated with their input into the bucket. When S _к > S _{к max} *, it is necessary to change the grade of steel being smelted, i.e. introduce in the computer 15 a new value of S _p *, since for the initially given grade of sulfur production in the metal after UDPK ≅ S _p * is not guaranteed. For a new value of S _p *, the computer 15 performs the described operations: it determines the new values Δ S _to *, S to _max *, S to _min *, L '', M ''.

 The materials L 'and M' are introduced into the steel pouring ladle 5 and UDPK 6, respectively.

After the end of the technological process at UDPK 6, the metal temperature (T _st ) is measured and a metal sample is taken, the sulfur content in the sample is determined (S _p ). When S _p <S _p * direct the metal to the continuous casting continuous casting machine.

When S _p > S _p * and the temperature of the steel (T _st ) is higher than the set value (T _st *): T _st > T _st * an additional amount of desulfurizer is introduced into the metal at the UDPC (material M).

When S _p > S _p * and T _st ≅ T _st * reassign the grade of steel sent to the UNRS.

≅ S_кmax*, указанного выше, следует, что способ согласно изобретению позволяет решить поставленную задачу во всех вариантах, за исключением представленного на фиг. 2д.In FIG. 2 shows possible variants of the relations between the ranges Δ S _k * and Δ S _k ** of permissible sulfur contents in the melt after the converter. Based on the need to satisfy the condition S _кmin ** ≅

≅ S _kmax * of the above, it follows that the method according to the invention solves the problem in all cases, with the exception of that shown in FIG. 2d

 The enumeration principle indicated by the index F, taking into account the desulfurizing ability of individual materials, is based on the following.

(1) где η₁ ^L η_n ^L степень десульфурации, достигаемая каждым из материалов L при определенном его удельном (кг/т стали) расходе; n количество различных материалов L;
η₁ ^М η_m ^M то же, для материалов М;
m количество различных материалов М.Each value of S _to * from the range of S _to * can be calculated by the formula:
S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{to}}$

(1) where η ₁ ^L η _n ^{L the} degree of desulfurization achieved by each of the materials L at a specific specific (kg / t steel) flow rate; n the number of different materials L;
η ₁ ^M η _m ^M the same for materials M;
m the number of different materials M.

. Таким образом, для материалов (М) первого (М₁) и второго вида (М₂) средние значения

по интервалам обозначаются соответственно как:

,

,

,

,

,

. Указанная операция по получению

определяется только упрощением вычислительных операций в дальнейшем.In FIG. Figure 3 shows the nonlinear dependences of the degree of metal desulfurization (η S) depending on the specific consumption (g) of some materials, and g has a dimension of kg / t of the treated metal. The working range of possible changes (for technological reasons) g is, for example, between point 1 and point 4 on the abscissa axis of the graph of FIG. 3, point 1 corresponds to zero specific consumption of material. The indicated points and scale are conditional. The range between points 1 and 4 is divided into a number of intervals, for example, I, II, III, for which the average value is determined

. Thus, for materials (M) of the first (M ₁ ) and second type (M ₂ ) average values

at intervals are indicated respectively as:

,

,

,

,

,

. The specified receipt operation

determined only by simplification of computational operations in the future.

Based on FIG. 3, the g operating range for materials M ₁ and M _{2 is} divided evenly into three intervals, each equal to 33% of the entire range.

bg

bg

_...

bg

bg

bg

_...

bg

(2) где Σbg $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{L}}{\text{1}}$ _... Σbg $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{L}}{\text{n}}$ ,Σbg $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{M}}{\text{1}}$ _... Σbg $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{M}}{\text{m}}$ количество вариантов удельных расходов g (т.е. интервалов) всех материалов L и всех материалов М.In the table. Figure 1 shows some of the possible options for the type and specific consumption of materials L and M, which can be introduced into the steel ladle 5 and at the UDPK 6. The options are compiled using materials of the same type L (i.e., n 1) and two types of materials M ( m 2) according to the intervals indicated in FIG. 3. The total number of options (Σ _var ) can be determined from the ratio
Σ _var

bg

bg

_...

bg

bg

bg

_...

bg

(2) where Σbg $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{L}}{}$$\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{}{\text{1}}$ _... Σbg $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{L}}{\text{n}}$ , Σbg $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{M}}{}$$\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{}{\text{1}}$ _... Σbg $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{M}}{\text{m}}$ the number of options for specific consumption g (i.e. intervals) of all materials L and all materials M.

и

по формуле (1) ЭВМ 15 осуществляет расчеты S_к* для каждого из вариантов i. Значение S_кi* также указано в табл. 1. В дополнение к S_кi* в табл. 1 указывается и себестоимость П_i каждого из вариантов i, вычисляемая по формуле:
П_i [(g₁ ^L)_i ˙ (E₁ ^L + Э₁ ^L)]_i + + [(g_n ^L)_i ˙ (E_n ^L + Э_n ^L)+ + [(g₁ ^M)_i ˙ (E₁ ^M + Э₁ ^M)] + + [(g_m ^M)_i ˙ (E_m ^M + Э_m ^M)] (3)
где

удельные расходы десульфуратора из материалов L и М для i-го варианта из табл. 1 (кг/т); Е стоимость десульфуратора (руб/т); Э энергозатраты, связанные с вводом десульфуратора, в том числе и падение температуры расплава, руб/т.Thus, for the table. 1 the total number of options i is 64 (4 x 4 x 4). Using values

and

according to the formula (1), the computer 15 calculates S _k * for each of the options i. The value of S _ki * is also indicated in the table. 1. In addition to S _ki * in table. 1 indicates the cost P _{i of} each of the options i, calculated by the formula:
П _i [(g ₁ ^L ) _i ˙ (E ₁ ^L + Э ₁ ^L )] _i + + [(g _n ^L ) _i ˙ (E _n ^L + Э _n ^L ) + + [(g ₁ ^M ) _i ˙ (E ₁ ^M + Э ₁ ^M )] + + [(g _m ^M ) _i ˙ (E _m ^M + Э _m ^M )] (3)
Where

the specific costs of the desulfurizer from materials L and M for the i-th option from the table. 1 (kg / t); E the cost of the desulfurizer (rub / t); Energy costs associated with the introduction of a desulfurizer, including a drop in the temperature of the melt, rub / t.

Tables similar to tab. 1, the computer 15 automatically generates on the basis of information about the dependences η _S f (g) (Fig. 3) defined in the form of an equation or a tabular form, constants E and E, a given number of intervals of change in the specific consumption g, the actual availability of material of each type and the health of the systems by feeding it to the unit, a given value of S _p *. The number of options i in the table. 1 can be reduced by computer 15 by automatically eliminating options, a priori rejected technologies based on production experience.

(1-η $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{j}}{\text{a}}$ )+

] × (4) где

,

удельные расходы чугуна и лома на 1 т выплавляемой стали (т/т), константы, полученные на основе производственного опыта;

среднее содержание серы в ломе, загружаемом в конвертер, константа;
η₁ ^j, η₂ ^j, η_a ^j степень десульфурации чугуна в чугуновозном ковше, достигаемая каждым из материалов j при определенном его удельном (кг/т чугуна) расходе;
а количество различных материалов j;
η₁ ^к, η₂ ^к η_b ^к степень десульфурации расплава в конвертере, достигаемая каждым из материалов К при определенном его удельном расходе (кг/т стали);
b количество различных материалов К.The principle of operation indicated by the index F ₂ above is as follows. The value of S _to ** from the range Δ S _to ** is determined by the formula:

(1-η $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{j}}{\text{a}}$ ) +

] × (4) where

,

specific costs of pig iron and scrap per 1 ton of smelted steel (t / t), constants obtained on the basis of production experience;

average sulfur content in scrap loaded into the converter, constant;
η ₁ ^j , η ₂ ^j , η _a ^{j the} degree of desulfurization of cast iron in the iron ladle, achieved by each of the materials j at a specific flow rate (kg / t of cast iron);
and the number of different materials j;
η ₁ ^k , η ₂ ^k η _b ^{k the} degree of desulfurization of the melt in the converter, achieved by each of the materials K at a specific specific consumption (kg / t of steel);
b number of different materials K.

) и обычного, т.е. привозного (

), использовании материалов j двух видов (а 2) по двум интервалам удельного расхода (0 и 100%) каждый, использовании материалов К двух видов (b 2) по трем интервалам удельного расхода (0, 50 и 100%) каждый. При этом из таблицы исключены варианты, для которых сумма значений указанных в 2-м и 3-м столбцах, отличается от 100% (т.е. на плавку не может использоваться 200 либо 0% лома), а также варианты, для которых сумма значений, указанных в 6-м и 7-м столбцах отличается от 100% (т.е. принимается, что регламентированное количество материалов-десульфураторов, подаваемое в период продувки, например кусковой извести в конвертер 3 и порошковой извести в фурму 4 в сумме составляет 100%).In the table. 2 shows some of the possible options for the type and specific consumption of materials j and K, which can be introduced into the iron bucket 2 and converter 3 for various types of scrap used. The options are compiled using scrap of two types of low sulfur (

) and ordinary, i.e. imported (

), the use of materials of two types (a 2) in two intervals of specific consumption (0 and 100%) each, the use of materials of two types (b 2) in three intervals of specific consumption (0, 50 and 100%) each. Moreover, options are excluded from the table for which the sum of the values indicated in the 2nd and 3rd columns differs from 100% (i.e., 200 or 0% scrap cannot be used for smelting), as well as options for which the sum the values indicated in the 6th and 7th columns differs from 100% (i.e., it is assumed that the regulated amount of desulfurization materials supplied during the purge period, for example, bulk lime in converter 3 and powder lime in tuyere 4 in total, 100%).

и

(аналогично подходу, показанному на фиг. 3, по формуле (4) ЭВМ 15 осуществляет расчеты S_к** для каждого из 18 вариантов. Значения S_к** указываются в табл. 2 совместно со значениями П себестоимости каждого из вариантов, вычисляемой по формуле, аналогичной (3), но с учетом затрат на используемый лом. Затем из табл. 1 выбирается максимальное значение S_кmax*, а из табл. 2 минимальное значение S_кmin**. Далее, если индексом i обозначить номер варианта (номер строки) из табл. 1, а индексом j номер варианта из табл. 2, то согласно формуле изобретения из табл. 1 надо отобрать все варианты i, у которых S_кi* удовлетворяет условию:
S_кmin** ≅ S_кi* ≅ S_кmax* а из табл. 2 надо отобрать все варианты j, у которых S_кj** удовлетворяет условию:
S_кmin** ≅ S_кj** ≅ S_{к max}*. Затем из возможных сочетаний вариантов i и j необходимо выбрать то сочетание (i', j'), для которого выполняется условие S_кj'**≅ ≅ S_кi*, а себестоимость затрат Σ П П_i' +П_j'П_min', т.е. минимальна. Соответствующие этому сочетанию виды материалов и их удельных расходов j', K', L', M' и вид используемого лома является оптимальным набором и выдаются в качестве рекомендации.Thus, for the table. 2 the maximum possible number of options is reduced from 144 (2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3) to 18. Using the values

and

(similar to the approach shown in Fig. 3, according to formula (4), the computer 15 calculates S _к ** for each of the 18 options. The values of S _к ** are indicated in Table 2 together with the values of П of the cost price of each of the options, calculated by a formula similar to (3), but taking into account the costs of scrap used, then the maximum value S _kmax * is selected from table 1, and the minimum value S _kmin ** is _selected from table 2. Next, if the index i designates the option number (line number ) from Table 1, and with index j the option number from Table 2, then according to the claims from Table 1 select all options i for which S _кi * satisfies the condition:
S _кmin ** ≅ S _кi * ≅ S _кmax * а from table. 2 it is necessary to select all options j for which S _кj ** satisfies the condition:
S _{kmin *} * ≅ S _kj ** ≅ S _{to max} *. Then, from the possible combinations of options i and j, it is necessary to select the combination (i ', j') for which the condition S _{кj '} ** ≅ ≅ S _кi * is _fulfilled , and the cost price is Σ П П _i' + П _{j '} П _min ' , i.e. is minimal. Corresponding to this combination, the types of materials and their unit costs j ', K', L ', M' and the type of scrap used are the optimal set and are given as recommendations.

If in the steel produced from the converter the sulfur content satisfies the condition S _to ≅ S to _max *, then as a recommended treatment option i '' from Table 1, one is selected for which the condition S _к ≅ S _кi '' * ≅ S _кmax * is _fulfilled , and the cost price is П П _{i ''} П _min '', i.e. is minimal.

= 0,85;

= 0,28
Среднее содержание серы в оборотном ломе:

= 0,02% в обычном ломе:

= 0,04% η_1-0 ^j 0; η_1-100 ^j 0,8; η_1-100 ^k 0,35
Стоимость обычного лома как наиболее дешевого принята равной 0.In the table. Figure 3 shows the actual data on options for desulfurization of steel in the ladle during the period of production with liquid synthetic slag (material with specific consumption g ₁ ^L ) and solid slag-forming mixture (TSH) (material with specific consumption g ₂ ^L ), as well as metal purging with SiCa powder during processing on UDPK (material g ₁ ^M ). Intervals of specific consumption of desulfurization materials were selected at 0, 50, 100%. Options (g ₁ ^L + g ₂ ^L )> 100% were excluded from consideration as non-technological. The initial data for calculating the table:
S _p * 0.010 (0.005)%
η _1-0 ^L η _2-0 ^L η _1-0 ^M 0
η _1-50 ^L 0.35 η _2-50 ^L 0.25 η _1-50 ^M 0.3
η _1-100 ^L = 0.6 η _2-100 ^L 0.38 η _1-100 ^M 0.55
In the table. Figure 4 shows the actual data on the desulfurization of cast iron by magnesium (material g ₁ ^j ) with ranges of specific consumption of magnesium 0 and 100% of various options for blending smelting, desulfurization in the converter during purging only due to lump of lime (material g ₁ ^k ). The initial data for calculating the table:
S _o = 0,060%

= 0.85;

= 0.28
Average sulfur content in recycled scrap:

= 0.02% in ordinary scrap:

= 0.04% η _1-0 ^j 0; η _1-100 ^j 0.8; η _1-100 ^k 0.35
The cost of ordinary scrap as the cheapest is taken equal to 0.

In the table. 5 shows possible combinations of options (i + j) according to the claims indicating cost (Σ PP _i + P _j ) for the case S _p * ≅ 0.010% and S _p * ≅ 0.005%
In accordance with the claims, to obtain sulfur S _p * after UDPK ≅ 0.010%, a desulfurization treatment, including option 13 from table 1, is the recommended option. 3 and option 4 from table. 4, having a minimum cost (Σ P 58 r / t). If the sulfur content of S _k in the metal after blowing is, for example, equal to 0.018%, then the recommended option for further processing (L``, M '') will be option 11 from table. 3.

By analogy with the above, to obtain sulfur S _p * ≅ 0.005%, the recommended option is option 11 from the table. 3 and option 2 from table. 4.

If on the turn of the converter S _to 0.014%, then the recommended option for further processing (L``, M '') is option 12 from table. 3.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF THE METAL DESULFURATION PROCESS mainly in the technological section of the cast iron ladle converter - steel casting ladle melting finishing unit in the ladle (UDPC), including the measurement of sulfur content S ₀ in the cast iron supplied by the cast iron ladle ladder to the baking ladder in the cast iron ladder S _k sulfur content in steel discharged from a converter feeding of desulfurizing materials in casting ladle at tapping from the converter, supplying desulf riruyuschih materials in the casting ladle in the processing smelting UDPK, measurement S _p sulfur content in the steel after processing it on UDPK, characterized in that, in order to reduce metal desulfurization costs and improve its quality further comprises determining the average sulfur content

in cast iron, according to several recent releases from a blast furnace, the presence of desulfurizing materials and the possibility of their supply to the iron ladle, converter, steel pouring ladle, and UDPC are determined from the working condition of the systems supplying these materials to individual units, they determine the presence of scrap and the possibility of its supply to the converter , types of scrap according to the average sulfur content in it, for the smelted grade set the maximum permissible sulfur content S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ in metal after UDP, at a given value of S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ , the presence of materials L for feeding into the steel pouring ladle when melting from the converter is discharged, the presence of materials M for feeding to UDPK by enumeration is determined by the range

permissible values of sulfur content S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{to}}$ in steel after the converter for various values of the type and specific consumption of materials L and M, according to the value of S ₀ or in the absence thereof according to

the presence of materials j for feeding into the iron bucket, the presence of materials K for feeding into the converter by exhaustive search determine the range

possible sulfur contents S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{to}}$ ^* in steel after the converter for various combinations of the type and specific consumption of materials j and K for various types of scrap used, they are isolated from the ranges ΔS $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{to}}$ and ΔS $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{to}}$ ^* sulfur content

satisfying the condition

from which the sulfur content is selected

for which the condition is satisfied

and the combination of materials j, K, L, M and the type of scrap satisfy the condition of minimum cost

materials and energy costs, including scrap costs, and ensures the production of sulfur in the metal S _p ≅ S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ , then the pig iron is desulphurized in the pig-iron ladle with materials j ′, filled into the scrap converter of the selected type and cast iron is poured, the metal is desulphurized in the converter with K ′ materials, after measuring the sulfur content S _k in the steel discharged from the converter, the condition

and when it is executed, the values L ″ and M ″ are determined to ensure that the condition

Where

value of the minimum cost of materials and energy consumption for materials L and M from combinations corresponding to sulfur contents S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{to}}$ satisfying the condition

and when

change the grade of smelted steel and the allowable sulfur content S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ in metal after UDP, for which new values are determined

then desulphurization of steel is carried out in the steel ladle and on the UDPC using materials L ″ and M ″, respectively, after desulfurization on the UDPC measure S _p and compare with S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ _/ , for S _p ≅ S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ direct steel to the installation of continuous casting of steel (UNRS), at S _p > S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ and the temperature T _{c t} steel is greater than the technology value T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{with}}$ _t produce additional desulfurization of steel on the UDPK, at S _p > S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ and T _st ≅ T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{with}}$ _t make reassignment of steel grade by sulfur content and send it to UNRS.

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