RU192692U1 - The simulator-square for group classes on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by the method of storing images in triangular cells - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model “Square simulator for group training in the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory using the method of storing images in triangular cells” refers to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during group classes in restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic lesions of the brain of various etiologies. A useful model contains a square plastic base (1), a handle (2) made in one of the corners, and straight projections (3a, 3b, 3c) made on the front and back surfaces of the base (1), forming sixteen cells-recesses (4) of the same size, having the shape of isosceles right-angled triangles; the protrusions (3a, 3b, 3c) are arranged as follows: four lateral protrusions (3a) are located around the perimeter of the base (1), two central protrusions (3b) are located perpendicular to the sides of the base (1) and divide the surface of the base (1) into four identical square areas, each of which is divided by diagonal protrusions (3c) into four identical triangular-shaped recess cells (4); the location of the protrusions (3a, 3b, 3c) on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) is the same, and the mark (5) is applied to the front surface of the base (1). Thus, the “simulator-square” due to its design features allows to conduct group classes on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by storing images in triangular cells with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor, without the use of additional elements such as work cards. The declared “simulator-square” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive psychological training for patients. Thanks to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the “simulator-square” can be widely used in clinical practice.

Description

Square training simulator for group recovery exercises

and preventive training of visuospatial memory

method of storing images in triangular cells

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during classes on the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of rehabilitation education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients at a neurological clinic who have disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychological -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients during their stay in a neurological clinic .

Group lessons allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration of various types of memory in patients with a neurological clinic, including visuospatial memory.

Like other types of human memory, visual-spatial memory is impaired in organic brain lesions caused by various neurological diseases.

Currently, various devices and simulators are used for classes to restore impaired visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic.

So, from the existing level of technology it is known "Device simulator for the formation of tasks during classes to restore visual and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 169473 U1 of 03/21/2017).

Structurally, this device consists of a plastic casing, the inner space of which is divided into cells in each of which four LEDs of different colors are located, and in the upper part of the casing there is a working plate under which an internal cavity is located, into which work cards containing various images are placed (geometric figures , multidirectional arrows) made in white on a dark background. Images hidden from the patient become visible on the working plate after they are randomly illuminated by LEDs of different colors. The patient needs to remember the location and color of each image, and after turning off the LEDs, designate them with a marker on the surface of the working plate from memory.

The disadvantages of this device when it is used during group classes for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory are:

a) this device is not intended for use during group lessons to restore visual-spatial memory;

b) the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards containing tasks for memorization;

c) the structural complexity of this device, which includes various electronic components: LEDs, switches, battery, etc.

Also, the printing simulator is known ”Methodical manual“ Memory simulator for group exercises with neurological patients by the method of storing the spatial arrangement of images ”” (Patent RU 111853 of November 6, 2018).

This printing simulator includes laminated worksheets containing images of rectangles, divided into triangular cells, into which one of the patients enters various images, and the other patient for some time remembers the image data and their spatial location, and then reproduces them from memory to similar worksheet.

 The disadvantages of this printing simulator when it is used during group classes on the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory are:

a) the need for a solid horizontal surface for classes;

b) the difficulty of entering images in triangular cells located on laminated worksheets for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

Also, from the existing level of technology, the device “Trainer for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic” is known (Patent RU 186679 U1 of January 29, 2019).

Structurally, this device consists of a plastic plate-shaped body, in the bottom of which are made square cells-recesses designed to fit various images into them.

 During classes with this device, work cards with similar square cells containing various images (symbols, geometric shapes) are used, which the patient must remember and reproduce from memory with a water marker in recess cells.

 The disadvantages of this device when it is used during group classes for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory are:

a) this device is not intended for use during group classes;

b) the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards containing tasks for memorization.

In order to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, a “Square simulator for group exercises on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by the method of storing images in triangular cells” (hereinafter referred to as the “simulator-square”) was developed.

 The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of conducting group exercises to restore visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic;

b) providing the possibility of conducting group exercises aimed at the preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients whose memory impairment is manifested to a small extent at a given time;

c) the absence of the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards due to the fact that the formation of tasks is carried out directly by the patients themselves;

d) providing the possibility of conducting classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor due to the fact that the cells are made in the form of recesses that do not allow the writing instrument to go beyond them;

e) providing the opportunity to conduct classes in various conditions, in the absence of a desktop, for example, on patients' walks;

e) the simplicity of the design of the "simulator-square", contributing to its widespread adoption in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the functionality of the "Simulator for the restoration of intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic", provided by the structural elements of the claimed "simulator-square", which allows for group exercises to restore and preventive training of visual and spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with minor otoriki presence and tremor of hands, without using additional elements such business cards.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the "simulator-square" contains a square plastic base, a handle is made in one of the corners, and rectilinear protrusions are made on the front and back surfaces of the base, forming sixteen cells of recesses of the same size, having the shape of isosceles right triangles; the protrusions are located as follows: four lateral protrusions are located around the perimeter of the base, two central protrusions are perpendicular to the sides of the base and divide the surface of the base into four identical square areas, each of which is divided into four identical triangular-shaped recesses by diagonal protrusions; while the location of the protrusions on the front and back surfaces of the base is the same, and a mark is applied to the front surface of the base.

In a preferred embodiment of the “simulator-square” label is made in the form of a circle.

In a preferred embodiment of the “square simulator”, the recess cells are highlighted in a color different from the base color.

The essence of the utility model "Square simulator for group exercises on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by the method of storing images in triangular cells" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - general view of the "simulator-square";

In FIG. 2 - view of the "simulator-square" from the side of the handle.

The inventive "square simulator" is (see Fig. 1, 2) a square plastic base (1), in one of the corners of which a hollow handle (2) is made, and straight projections are made on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) (3a, 3b, 3c), forming triangular recess cells (4) of the same size, which are designed to fit various images in the form of symbols (letters, numbers) or geometric shapes using an easily erasable water marker.

The dimensions of this particular “simulator-square” indicated below are not signs narrowing the scope of legal protection, since they can change in the process of its creation.

The size of the side of the base (1) of the “square simulator” is 100-150 mm, and its thickness is 4-8 mm.

The handle (2) has a conical shape 80-100 mm long, with a diameter at the end of 20-25 mm and a wall thickness of 2-3 mm.

Each cell-recess (4) has the shape of an isosceles right triangle and is separated from neighboring cells-recesses (4) by protrusions (3a, 3b, 3c) of the same width of 3-5 mm and a height of 1-2 mm.

The protrusions (3a, 3b, 3c) are located on each of the surfaces of the base (1), as follows (see Fig. 1): a) four lateral protrusions (3a) are located around the perimeter of the base (1); b) two central protrusions (3b), are perpendicular to the sides of the base (1) and divide the surface of the base (1) into four identical square areas, each of which is divided by diagonal protrusions (3c) into four identical triangular-shaped cells-recesses (4) .

Thus, on each of the surfaces of the base (1) of the “simulator-square” 16 (sixteen) cells-recesses (4) of a triangular shape are formed.

The location of the protrusions (3a, 3b, 3c) on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) is the same.

The size of the cell-recesses (4) depends on the size of the side of the base (1) of the “simulator-square” and the width of the protrusions (3a, 3b, 3c) between the cell-recesses (4)

Thus, the protrusions (3a, 3b, 3c), forming on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) of the cell-recesses (4), provide the following functions:

a) serve as the boundaries of the cells-recesses (4) and facilitate the process of entering various images into them for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor;

b) give additional rigidity to the base (1) of the “simulator-square”.

Moreover, the small height of the protrusions (3a, 3b, 3c) does not prevent the removal of images inscribed with a water marker in the cell-recesses (4), using a sponge designed to erase water markers.

For the convenience of practicing patients with a “square simulator”, a mark (5) is applied (for example, with dark paint) to the front surface of the base (1), which can be made, for example, in the form of a circle.

For better perception by patients of the cells-recesses (4), they are highlighted in a color (for example, by means of paint) that differs from the color of the base (1) of the “square simulator”.

Work with the "Square Trainer for group classes on the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by the method of storing images in triangular cells" is as follows.

Before starting classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of visual and spatial memory impairment.

In this case, one of the patients in the group is appointed by the specialist forming the task, and the other patient is performing the task.

Further, the patient, forming the task, holding the “simulator-square” by the handle (2), writes with a water marker into the cell-recesses (4) of the front surface of the base (1) of the image in the form of symbols (letters, numbers) or geometric shapes, the total number and the type of which is set by the specialist.

 After that, the “simulator-square” is transferred to the patient performing the task, who, within a specified time interval (from 20 seconds or more), remembers the images and their spatial location inscribed in the cell recesses (4) of the front surface of the base (1).

Then, the patient performing the task turns the “simulator-square” face down (1) down, then tries to reproduce from memory the images he remembered in the cell-recesses (4) of the back of the base (1).

In case of difficulty, the patient performing the task can briefly turn the “simulator-square”, thus receiving a hint.

Verification of the correctness of the task is carried out by comparing the images inscribed in the cell-recesses (4) on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) due to one or more rotations of the “simulator-square” held by the handle (2).

Further, all images inscribed in the cell-recesses (4) are deleted with a sponge to erase the water markers, the patient forming the task, and the patient performing the task change roles and the entire sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with the method described above, group exercises can be carried out by another method, based on the simultaneous use of two “square simulators”.

In this case, each patient holding the “simulator-square” by the handle (2), inscribes the images in the cell-recesses (4) of the front surface of the base (1), after which both patients, for a period specified by a specialist (from 20 or more seconds) remember the images entered by each other.

Further, each of the patients tries to reproduce the memorized from the image, entering them from memory into the cell-recesses (4) of the back surface of the base (1) of the used “simulator-square”.

 Verification of the correctness of the tasks is carried out by alternately comparing the images on the front surface of the base (1) of the "simulator-square" of one patient and the reverse surface of the base (1) of the "simulator-square" of another patient.

After mastering the work with the “simulator-square” under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group exercises with him.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of visual and spatial memory, tasks are complicated by:

a) increasing the number of images entered by patients in the cell-recesses (4) of the front surface of the base (1);

b) reducing the time interval during which images are stored in recess cells (4).

Along with classes on the restoration of visual-spatial memory, the “simulator-square” is also intended for use during the preventive training of visual-spatial memory, the main difference of which is an increase in the number of memorized images and a decrease in the time interval for memorization.

In addition, the "simulator-square" can be effectively used in several other cases:

a) when conducting correctional and developing classes with children with impaired formation of visual-spatial memory;

b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

c) as a developmental game aimed at developing and training visual-spatial memory in healthy children.

d) as a memory simulator for healthy people who want to improve visual-spatial memory.

Thus, the “Square simulator for group training in the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by storing images in triangular cells” due to its design features allows group training in the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by storing images in triangular cells with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor ru k, without the use of additional elements such as work cards.

The claimed “square simulator” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive psychological training for patients.

Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the “simulator-square” can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (3)

1. A square simulator for group training in the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by storing images in triangular cells, characterized in that it contains a plastic base of square shape, a handle is made in one of the corners, and on the front and back surfaces of the base are made rectilinear protrusions forming sixteen cells-recesses of the same size, having the shape of isosceles right-angled triangles; the protrusions are located as follows: four lateral protrusions are located around the perimeter of the base, two central protrusions are perpendicular to the sides of the base and divide the surface of the base into four identical square areas, each of which is divided into four identical triangular-shaped recesses by diagonal protrusions; while the location of the protrusions on the front and back surfaces of the base is the same, and a mark is applied to the front surface of the base. 2. The square simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the mark is made in the form of a circle. 3. The square simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell-recesses are highlighted in a color different from the color of the base.

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