RU171801U1 - FUEL PISTON - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to heating, namely to elements of domestic stoves, in particular to devices with channels for supplying primary air necessary for combustion. The technical result is to increase the degree of heating of the combustion zone in order to increase the efficiency of the furnace and reduce specific fuel consumption due to pre-heating of ballast gases. The piston 1 contains an intake pipe 2 and a base 4, on one side of which there are distribution channels 5 connected to the intake pipe 2, and on the other side of the base 4 there are focusing channels 6 connected to the distribution channels 5 and provided with holes. 8 s.p. f-ly, 7 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to heating, namely to elements of domestic stoves, in particular to devices with channels for supplying primary air necessary for combustion.

The closest analogue of the claimed utility model is a technical solution known from patent RU 2459145, which is an air distributor in the form of a piston. In the upper part of the distributor, a pipe with protrusions for fastening the duct and a jumper for attaching the rod is made. In the lower part of the air distributor in the form of a cone with an aperture angle of 150-160 °, holes are made, the area of which together with the area of the holes in the lower part of the pipes should be approximately three times the area of the holes in the upper part of the pipes.

However, this design does not achieve a uniform distribution of the incoming air and, therefore, its uniform heating.

The technical problem to which the claimed utility model is directed is to increase the efficiency of the furnace.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the degree of heating of the combustion zone in order to increase the efficiency of the furnace and reduce specific fuel consumption due to pre-heating of ballast gases.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the piston contains an intake pipe and a base, on one side of which there are distribution channels connected to the intake pipe, and on the other side of the base are focusing channels connected to the distribution channels and provided with holes.

The intake pipe can be made with an air supply regulator.

Distribution and / or focusing channels can be made L-shaped.

Distribution and / or focusing channels can be made in a spiral shape.

Distribution and / or focusing channels can be made concentric in shape.

The piston with focusing and distribution channels is designed to increase the degree of heating of the combustion zone in order to increase the efficiency of the furnace and reduce specific fuel consumption due to pre-heating of ballast gases. This design provides increased efficiency of the furnace due to heating not only oxygen, but also ballast gases, which are a “cooler” for the combustion zone, to high temperatures. An increase in the range of power adjustments is achieved by shifting the lower boundary of the minimum possible furnace power. The ideal option is the ability to adjust the furnace power from zero to maximum, but in reality this is unattainable. For example, for a 10 kW furnace, the real minimum power is about 4 kW. If you try to reduce the power, the stove will go out, as the temperature in the combustion chamber will become less than the minimum acceptable for maintaining combustion. Using a piston with channels allows you to stretch the range along the lower limit of power, i.e., for example, for a 10 kW furnace, adjustment will be possible not from 4 kW to 10 kW, but from 2.5 kW to 10 kW without fear of flame attenuation.

The ability to install a liquid heat exchanger in the combustion zone without fear of losing the lower limit of minimum loads due to the "subsidence" of the combustion zone due to the appearance of a powerful heat transfer source. Those. Thanks to the use of the heating system of the incoming air in the combustion zone, a quantitative heat reserve appears, which allows the liquid heat exchanger to be introduced into the combustion zone without fear of overcooling the zone to critical values, after which the efficiency drops sharply or the furnace stops completely, because The liquid heat exchanger is a powerful source of heat removal for the combustion zone.

Getting rid of underburning of fuel at small and medium loads due to a drop in temperature in the combustion zone provides a way out of harmful deposits in the chimney that interfere with high-quality heat transfer.

The best embodiment of the claimed utility model is shown in figures 1-6, which depict:

FIG. 1 - general view of the piston;

FIG. 2 - bottom view of the piston;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the piston, where arrows show the direction of air movement;

FIG. 4 - combined piston with a liquid heat exchanger;

FIG. 5 is a view of a furnace with a raised piston;

FIG. 6 is a view of a furnace with a piston lowered;

FIG. 7 is a general view of the furnace.

In FIG. 1-7 positions 1-12 show:

1 - piston;

2 - air intake pipe;

3 - air supply regulator;

4 - base;

5 - distribution channel;

6 - focusing channel;

7 - heat exchanger (water jacket cooling?);

8 - oven;

9 - furnace body;

10 - a stub plate;

11 - a cover;

12 - hatch ignition of solid fuel.

The piston 1 contains an intake pipe 2 with an air supply regulator 3, in this case in the form of a shutter-regulator, a base 4, distribution channels 5 and focusing channels 6, made in this case in an L-shape.

The air supply regulator 3 can be made in the form of a gate, throttle, axial displacement valve or angular displacement valve.

The distribution channels 5 and the focusing channels 6 mounted on the base 4 form two supply lines: distribution and focusing, which ensures crushing of the input air stream, its heating and focusing in the combustion zone.

Channels 5-6 may have a spiral shape (Fig. 4) and / or concentric shape. Channels 5-6 can also have any shape, for example, distribution 5 - spiral, and focusing 6 - straight, and vice versa. The base 4 and / or distribution 5 and / or focusing 6 channels of the piston 1 may have a water cooling jacket (heat exchanger) 7.

The piston 1 is intended for use in the furnace 8 and placed coaxially with the housing 9 of the furnace 8, which is equipped with a plug plate 10 when using solid fuel. The piston 1 is movable along the vertical axis of the housing 9 of the furnace 8.

The device operates as follows.

The air supply regulator 3 is fully opened, providing oxygen access to the space under the piston 1.

Solid fuel is placed in the housing 9 of the furnace 8 in the combustion chamber on the stub plate 10. In the absence of the stub plate 10, the fuel will drop out or air will be sucked into the combustion chamber, bypassing the air supply regulator 3.

As the fuel burns out, the piston 1 gradually lowers to the very bottom of the combustion chamber of the furnace 8 (Fig. 6). For subsequent start-up, it is enough to remove the piston 1, having previously removed the covers 11, and make a new fuel filling. The ignition is carried out through the hatch 12 (Fig. 7).

Due to the discharge in the combustion chamber from the chimney, the air is sucked in through the air supply regulator 3 and then through the intake pipe 2 it enters the distribution channels 5, which crush the air in several directions, as a result of which the heat exchange area increases sharply, the speed of oxygen and ballast gases from inlet to the combustion zone. As a result of an increase in the path length of the incoming air and an increase in the area of heat exchange, the degree of heating of the air sharply increases before it enters the combustion zone.

Thus, already heated air comes out of the focusing channels 6, which maximally favorably affects the increase in the energy load of the combustion zone with the same fuel and under the same external conditions. This procedure allows you to increase the utilization of the heat of fuel, especially in the range of lower heat of combustion.

Calorific value is the most important basic technical characteristic of a fuel. Distinguish between higher and lower heat of combustion of fuel. The highest heat of combustion Qv is the amount of heat that is released during the combustion of 1 kg of solid (liquid) or 1 m ^{3 of} gaseous fuel. The net calorific value Qн differs from the heat of vaporization higher than the heat of vaporization of the fuel and the moisture generated by the combustion of hydrogen. The greater the moisture content of the fuel, the lower will be the value of Q _N. The net calorific value of the working mass is determined as the result of the difference in the net calorific value of the combustible fuel elements and the heat expended in the evaporation of all moisture. The dimension of the calorific value Q is expressed in kJ / kg or kJ / m ³ . In other words, if the fuel is waterlogged, then the amount of heat generated by the total furnace will be less, because part of the fuel energy will be spent on the evaporation of moisture from the fuel. That is why the increase in thermal density in the combustion zone due to channels 5-6 allows to avoid lowering the temperature in the combustion zone. Thus, the use of channels makes it possible to increase the coefficient of utilization of the heat of fuel, especially when watering the fuel, which changes the point of lower heat of combustion.

The given examples are special cases and do not exhaust all possible implementations of the claimed utility model.

The specialist in the art should understand that various variations of the claimed device do not change the essence of the utility model, but only determine its specific embodiment.

Claims (9)

                                                                                 1. A piston for a furnace, characterized in that it contains an air intake pipe and a base, on one side of which are distribution channels connected to the air intake pipe, and on the other side of the base are focusing channels connected to the distribution channels and provided with holes. 2. The piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the air intake pipe is made with an air supply regulator. 3. The piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution channels are L-shaped. 4. The piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the focusing channels are L-shaped. 5. The piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution channels are made in a spiral shape. 6. The piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the focusing channels are made in a spiral shape. 7. The piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution channels are made in concentric form. 8. The piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the focusing channels are made in concentric shape. 9. The piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the base and / or distribution and / or focusing channels are made with a water cooling jacket.

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