RU178456U1 - INSTRUMENT ALARM CONTROL FIRE START - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to specialized automation devices and computer technology and can be used to build fire detection and extinguishing systems, smoke protection systems of buildings and structures, as well as to create automated control systems and technological processes. The device provides reception, processing of input signals of various types, the issuance of control signals to fire extinguishing means, notifications and to executive technological equipment, and also exchanges with external devices via RS-485, Ethernet TX channels. The technical result is to increase the reliability of the device. The composition of the device includes: a frame that combines the MP processor module with I / O modules, the number of which is determined by the composition of the monitored sensors and the type of controlled processing equipment; a control panel including indicators and a means of inputting data and commands; and power supply. The claimed device is characterized in that each of the input-output modules is connected by a common bus to the processor module, the processor module has redundant communication interfaces, is additionally connected to the power supply unit by a separate status monitoring line, and an opening detector connected to the processor module is introduced into the device. Moreover, the device further comprises a network input node that is connected to a power supply unit and to which two independent power inputs are connected - a main power input and an additional backup power input, as well as a battery of batteries, wherein the network input node is configured to automatically select a power source. 5 cp f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to specialized automation devices and computer technology and can be used to build fire detection and extinguishing systems, smoke protection systems of buildings and structures, as well as to create automated control systems and technological processes.

State of the art

The analog of this utility model is MODULE INTEGRATION SYSTEM FOR SENSING chemical, biological, radiation, nuclear and explosive substances according to the patent for invention RU 2419879 C2, published on 27.05.2011, issued on the application 2009131027/08 of 29.11.2007, MPK G06Q50 / 00, G05B15 / 00 . The system of interfaces for sensors according to the patent RU 2419879 is configured to interact with a set of one or more sensors that perceive chemical, biological, radiation, nuclear and explosive (CBRN) substances, while the system of interfaces for sensors contains:

one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors for connection with chemical sensors, biological sensors, radiation sensors, nuclear sensors and / or explosive sensors;

an analog signal to digital data converter for converting signals from analog sensors that are connected to one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors to digital data;

a signal processor and a central processor connected to one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors and with a converter of the analog signal into digital data, for receiving and processing signals from one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors;

a communication device connected to a signal processor and a central processor for connecting digital data representing signals from one or more sensors connected to one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors with a communication network;

an individual TCP / IP address associated with each of one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors and for providing network access to digital data representing signals from each one or more sensors connected to one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors, respectively;

a voltage source module connected to one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors, for supporting one or more sensors connected to one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors, respectively, and with software controls so that adjust power to calibrate one or more sensors;

a software control interface connected to each one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors and to a signal processor and central processor to connect software controls to one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors for adjustments during calibration of sensors connected to one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors; a digital data collection system, coupled with the possibility of communication with one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors, for collecting sensor data from one or more interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors; a system with a multi-channel analyzer, connected with the possibility of communication with a digital data acquisition system, for preparing histograms of the collected sensor data;

a spectral analysis system, coupled to a system with a multi-channel analyzer and a digital data acquisition system, for receiving and analyzing the collected sensor data in order to detect radiation and recognize one or more target substances associated with the sensor data; the first data storage means for storing data representing spectra of chemical, biological, radiation, nuclear and explosive (CBRN) substances for use by a spectral analysis system, where one or more spectral images stored in the first data storage unit represent each CBRN substance, the first data storage means is connected with the possibility of communication with a spectral analysis system; an information processing system, coupled with the possibility of communication with a spectral analysis system, for analyzing recognized one or more target CBRNF substances and determining possible substances or products that they represent; and second data storage means for storing data representing a specification relating to the container or object under study, the second data storage means being connected in communication with an information processing system; however, the information processing system is additionally designed to compare certain possible substances or products with the specification relating to the container or object under study in order to determine whether there are unauthorized substances or products contained in the container or object under study.

Interfaces for digital and / or analog sensors are designed to be connected to one or more radiation detectors of any type, in particular neutron detectors, alpha particle or beta particle detectors, chemical, biological or explosive detectors.

The disadvantages of this analogue are limited functionality and low reliability.

Another analogue of this utility model is the SYSTEM OF ADDRESSING RECOGNIZED CONTROLLED OBJECTS according to the patent for utility model RU 116672 U1, published on 05.27.2012, issued on application 2011139828/08 of 09.29.2011, IPC G08B25 / 04, G05B15 / 00 . The system of address recognition of controlled objects according to utility model RU 116672 U1 includes a server connected to the object device, sensors with address devices connected in parallel on one pair of wires of the main cable, while the sensors are filled with polymer material in a sealed enclosure, the sensor cable is made at the same time case, made whole or collapsible and includes insulated copper conductors twisted with threads of water-blocking material and placed in a shell of water-blocking material, etc. and the sensor cable is sealed to the trunk cable.

The collapsible sensor cable contains a connecting section with a plug or socket and a main section with a socket or plug, respectively, and the connection of the two indicated sections of the sensor cable is made self-sealing type "plug-socket".

The disadvantages of this analogue are limited functionality and low reliability of the system.

Another analogue of this utility model is the AUTOMATIC REGULATION BLOCK (BAR) according to the patent for invention RU 2457530 C1, published on July 27, 2012, issued on application 2010148719/08 of November 29, 2010 , IPC G05B15 / 00 . The automatic control unit (BAR) for regulating pressure, flow, vacuum, level, temperature, power, concentration of substances, speed of movement or rotation and other parameters that can be converted into DC signals, according to patent RU 2457530 C1 contains analog input mezzanines ( MVA), digital input mezzanines (MVC), digital output mezzanines (MVVC), analog output mezzanines (MVVA), interface mezzanines (MI), the inputs and outputs of which are connected to an external male connector ХР15 (ХР16), specifically The composition, types and number of mezzanines are a flexible, tunable structure, and the BAR additionally contains the first programmable logic integrated circuit FPGA (Spartan 3), the first inputs and outputs of which are connected to the outputs and inputs of the mezzanines MVA, IEC, MVVC, MVVA, MI, generator, the output of which is connected to the input of the first FPGA (Spartan 3), a non-volatile memory of the ENZU and a temperature sensor, the inputs and outputs of which are connected to the second outputs and inputs of the FPGA Spartan 3, the second FPGA (CPLD), the inputs and outputs of which are connected to the third outputs - inputs of the first FPGA (Spartan 3), display elements and controls (buttons), inputs of the first and outputs of the second are connected respectively to the outputs and inputs of the second FPGA (CPLD), a single-board computer, the first input-output of which is connected to the fourth input-output of the first FPGA (Spartan 3), mezzanines interface MI1, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second FPGA, and the first and second inputs and outputs are connected respectively to the second input-output of a single-board computer (RS232) and the first output-input of the BAR (RS232 / 485), the third fourth, fifth and sixth inputs-outputs o a board computer are connected respectively to the second input-output Ethernet 1, the third input-output VGA, the fourth input-output Keyboard / Mouse (keyboard / mouse type mouse), the fifth input-output USBO, the first and second flash modules (USB FLASH MODULE), the input-outputs of which are connected respectively to the sixth and seventh inputs-outputs of USB2 and USB3 of a single-board computer, the USB-Ethernet mezzanine interface, the input-outputs of which are connected respectively to the eighth input-output of a single-board computer and the sixth Ethernet input-output 2 BAR.

The disadvantages of this analogue are the limited functionality for displaying information and low reliability.

The closest analogue of the claimed utility model is the AUTOMATED FIRE PROTECTION CONTROL SYSTEM according to the invention patent RU 2135240, published on 08.27.1999, issued on application 98118486/12 of 12.10.1998, IPC A62C37 / 00, A62C37 / 50, G05B15. The automated fire protection control system according to the patent RU 2135240 contains fire detectors connected to a signal converter, environmental sensors, meteorological parameters sensors, process equipment parameters sensors, process parameters sensors, technical condition sensors of fire extinguishing systems connected through signal converters to the corresponding the inputs of the computing device, the unit for determining false positives, output otorogo connected to the operator’s console, a logical unit, a control unit, alarm devices connected through the group alarm unit to the first output of the logical unit, emergency warning and evacuation control devices connected through the emergency notification unit to the second output of the logical unit, the trigger device for localizing emergency emissions connected to the first output of the control unit, the device for starting fire extinguishing installations, connected to the second output of the control unit, device launch of cooling and thermal protection means connected to the third output of the control unit, emergency shutdown and switching devices and switching devices connected to the fourth output of the control unit, while the first output of the computing device is connected to the first input of the logical unit, the second to the first input of the unit control, the third is connected to the operator’s console, the fourth is connected to the input of the automatic control unit of the process parameters and technological equipment, and the fifth is connected to the input of the unit for automatically turning on backup devices for fire extinguishing and warning alarms, the first output of the signal converter from fire detectors is connected to the logic unit, the second to the unit for determining false alarms, and the third to the control unit, the fifth output of the control unit is connected to the input of the unit for determining false alarms , the output of the logical unit is connected to the input of the operator panel, characterized in that it additionally contains sensors for monitoring the location of personnel and blocking doors connected through a signal converter to a computing device, door locking devices connected to the sixth output of the computing device, a personnel action control unit and a fire extinguishing quality control unit connected to an operator console, the second outputs of signal converters from process equipment parameter sensors, parameter sensors the technological process and sensors for monitoring the location of personnel and door locks are connected to the corresponding inputs of the unit monitoring the actions of personnel, the second output of the signal converter from fire detectors is connected to the first input of the fire extinguishing quality control unit, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the signal converter from the sensors of the technical state of fire extinguishing installations, to the third - the output of the personnel action monitoring unit, to the fourth - operator’s console, to the fifth - the output of the signal converter from the sensors of environmental parameters, the first output of the fire extinguishing quality control unit is connected to to the emergency device, the second output of the fire extinguishing quality control unit is to the operator console. The computing device used in the technical solution according to RU 2135240 consists of a signal receiving unit, a safety criterion calculation unit, an emergency analysis unit and an emergency development prediction unit.

The disadvantages of this analogue are the limited functionality for displaying information and the low reliability of this system.

The influence of these shortcomings on the operation of the device is proposed to be excluded in this utility model.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the claimed utility model is the creation of a control and monitoring fire starting device with increased reliability and security.

The object of the utility model is a fire alarm control panel containing a device housing in which

a processor module having communication interfaces,

a set of input-output modules configured to receive information from sensors of fire systems and output control signals for technological equipment,

a control panel including indicators and means for inputting data and commands, and

Power Supply,

characterized in that each of these input-output modules is connected by a common bus to the processor module, the processor module has duplicated communication interfaces, is additionally connected to the power supply unit by a separate status monitoring line, and an opening detector connected to the processor module is introduced into the device.

The technical result, which is achieved using the proposed utility model, is to increase the reliability of the claimed control fire starter through the use of two independent power inputs, performing continuous monitoring of the status of all modules and units of the device through the processor module, as well as by introducing a tamper switch .

The control panel of the claimed device contains many single indicators, and single indicators are combined into groups that increase the information content of the remote control and the speed of reading information.

The input / output modules of the device are selected from the group consisting of a signal loop module, address loop module, thermal resistance signal input module, analog signal input module, analog control module, digital signal input module, control and control module, start-up control module, electronic key module sensor power module.

An autonomous backup power source of the device can also be provided, and in addition, a network input node can be added, which is connected to the power supply unit and to which two independent power inputs are connected - the main power input and the additional backup power input from the redundant power supply line, as well as a battery of batteries, while the network input node is configured to automatically select a power source from said primary power input and an additional backup power input from the backup line and power, as well as battery batteries.

The sensor for opening the housing of the device may be a limit switch with a normally closed contact, configured to transmit information about opening the contact to the processor module when opening the housing cover.

The sensor for opening the case of the device can be additionally configured to record information about opening the case in the memory of the processor module with fixing the time of opening and issuing a signal to the control panel to display the indicator of opening the device.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of one of the embodiments of a receiving-control fire starting fire alarm apparatus PPKP-01f-r.

Figure 2 - view of the panel of the control panel PU-3 of the claimed device.

Figure 3 - one of the options for placing modules in the housing of the device.

Utility Model Implementation

The basis of the claimed device is a frame installed in the device’s case, uniting a group of modules, the functional center of which is the MP processor module, which performs the tasks of receiving, processing, storing and issuing data in the process of solving tasks of control and technological process.

The MP processor module is connected to the PU-3 control panel. Using the keyboard of the control panel, control commands are entered, the instrument is set up, and a display screen, for example, an LCD display, allows you to display current, archived, tuning information.

For communication with external devices (computers, devices, executive equipment), for receiving information from sensors of fire systems and outputting control signals for technological equipment, communication interfaces are used, for example, such as Ethernet TX 1, Ethernet TX 2, RS-485 1, RS -485 2, which are combined in pairs to create redundant duplicated communication channels. If necessary, communication interfaces of other types can be used, but at the same time they are also duplicated in pairs.

The MP processor module monitors, displays using the control panel and archives data on the health of all the modules installed in the device’s frame, which are part of the PU-03 control panel, power supply unit, external equipment connected via Ethernet TX 1, Ethernet TX 2 communication interfaces , RS-485 1, RS-485 2, and also detects the opening of the cover of the device, which is determined by the sensor opening the device.

The tamper switch may be a limit switch with a normally closed contact. Opening the housing cover causes the contact to open. Contact opening information is sent to the processor module.

When a tamper switch is detected, the tamper information is recorded in the processor module memory with the tamper time recorded, and a signal is issued to the control panel to display the tamper indicator.

In addition to the processor module 1, the number of modules combined by the chassis 2 installed in the device body includes various combinations and sets of input-output modules. The composition of the set of I / O modules, as well as their number, are determined by the composition of the monitored sensors and the type of controlled processing equipment. The choice is made, in particular, from the range of modules displayed in the composition of the frame in figure 1.

The alarm control panel PPKP-01F-R may include the following I / O modules.

Discrete Signal Input Module (MDS) 3

This module is intended for inputting information in the form of discrete signals, such as signals from valves, valves, gate valves, dampers, status signals of stand-alone devices, controllers, control buttons, etc. connected to this module. in fire fighting systems and automated process control systems, a module can have the following characteristics in terms of inputs:

Number of inputs - 8

Type of galvanic isolation - optoelectronic

Allowable potential between input circuits

and digital part of the module - 500 V

Logical zero level of input signals - from 0 to 10 V

The level of the logical unit of input signals is from 18 to 30 V

Rated input current (at Uin = 24 V) - 16 mA

Analog Signal Input Module (MAC) 4

This module is designed to receive information from sensors associated with this module with an analog representation of information, such as temperature sensors for liquids and gases, pressure sensors in pipelines, flow sensors for liquids and gases, liquid level sensors in tanks, etc., in fire fighting systems and automated process control systems, in one of the particular cases of execution, this module may have the following characteristics of interaction with these sensors:

Input ranges and input resistances (4 ... 20) mA; (100 ± 1) Ohm
(0 ... 5) mA; (402 ± 4) Ohm
(0 ... 20) mA; (100 ± 1) Ohm
(- 10 ... + 10) V, more than 1.5 MΩ
(0 ... + 10) V, more than 1.5 MΩ
(- 1 ... + 1) V, more than 1.5 MΩ Maximum allowable voltage between the analog and digital parts of each channel 500 V

Module 5 input signals from thermal resistance (MTS)

This module is designed to receive information from temperature sensors associated with this module in fire systems and automated process control systems, and in one of the particular cases of execution, the module may have the following characteristics of interaction with sensors:

Characteristics of connected thermal converters
(range of measured
temperature) copper, 50 Ohms (from minus 50 ° С to plus 200 ° С)
copper, 100 Ohms (from minus 50 ° С to plus 180 ° С)
46 ohm platinum (from minus 50 ° C to plus 650 ° C)
platinum, 50 Ohms (from minus 50 ° C to plus 450 ° C)
platinum, 100 Ohms (from minus 50 ° С to plus 450 ° С) Input impedance not less than 1,5 megohms The value of the current supply of thermal converters (2 ± 0.2) mA Maximum allowable voltage between the analog and digital parts of each channel 500 V

Module 6 alarm loops (MSS)

This module is designed to receive information from non-addressable smoke, temperature, and flame sensors in fire-fighting systems. It is configured to connect to at least one of these sensors and, in one of the particular cases, can have the following characteristics of interaction with sensors:

Number of Alarm Loops four The number of conductors in the loop 2 AL type analog, dual resistive Detected loop status “Normal”, “Alarm”, “Open”, “Short circuit” Resistance of AL wires, taking into account the resistance of the detector contacts (no more) 150 ohm Nominal value of resistances in the terminal element 510 ± 5% ohm and 3 ± 5% kOhm

Module 7 address loops (MAS)

This module is designed to receive information from the address-analog smoke, temperature and flame sensors associated with this module according to the 200/500, 200 AR protocols included in the address loop, and in one of the particular cases it can have the following characteristics of interaction with sensors:

Number of Alarm Loops 2 The number of conductors in the loop 2 AL type analog address Detected loop status “Normal”, “Alarm”, “Open”, “Short circuit” Short circuit current limiting in a loop no more than 350 mA

Module 8 Electronic Keys (IEC)

This module is designed to display information presented in the form of discrete signals, and provides control signals for opening and closing for valves, gate valves, gates, dampers, curtains associated with this module, turning on and off pumps, fans, alarm elements, etc. in fire fighting systems and automated process control systems. A module may have the following characteristics in terms of output parameters:

Number of outputs - 8

Type of galvanic isolation - optoelectronic

Permissible potential between output circuits

and digital part of the module - 500 V

DC supply voltage - from 12 to 48 V

Maximum current of output circuits - 500 mA

Short-circuit current limitation - up to 750 mA

Open circuit monitoring current - (2 ± 0.3) mA

Module 9 output keys (MVK)

This module is designed to display information presented in the form of discrete signals, and provides control signals for opening and closing for valves, gate valves, gates, dampers, curtains associated with this module, turning on and off pumps, fans, alarm elements, etc. in fire fighting systems and automated process control systems. A feature of the module application is the control of equipment that requires the use of a dry contact control signal with an increased load current. A module may have the following characteristics in terms of output parameters:

Number of outputs - 8

Type of galvanic isolation - opto-relay

Permissible potential between output circuits

and digital part of the module - 1000 V

Supply voltage of output circuits - up to 60 V

Switching current medium - up to 1 A

Pulse switching current - up to 2 A

Analog Control Module 10 (UIA)

This module is designed to output information in the form of unified analog signals providing control of equipment associated with this module, such as fire fighting pump stations, pressure regulators in pipelines, temperature regulators, etc., as well as for receiving information from sensors with an analog representation of information in particular, such as temperature sensors for liquids and gases, pressure sensors in pipelines, flow sensors for liquids and gases, liquid level sensors in tanks, etc., in contrast ozharnyh systems and automated process control systems, and in one particular case, the module can have the following characteristics in the parameters of inputs and outputs:

Output ranges and output resistances (4 ... 20) mA, less than 700 Ohm
(0 ... + 10) V, more than 10 kOhm Input ranges and input resistances (4 ... 20) mA, 461 Ohm ± 5%
(0 ... + 10) V, more than 1.5 MΩ Maximum allowable voltage between the analog and digital parts of each channel 500 V

Startup Control Module 11 (MUP)

This module is designed to issue triggering pulses to actuators or actuator power units of fire extinguishing means associated with this module, such as valves, pumps, curtains, etc., in fire fighting systems and automated process control systems. A module can have the following characteristics in terms of output parameters:

Number of outputs - 8

Type of galvanic isolation - optoelectronic

Permissible potential between output circuits

and digital part of the module - 500 V

DC supply voltage - from 12 to 48 V

Maximum current of output circuits - 1.0 A

Short-circuit current limitation up to 1.3 A

Open circuit monitoring current - (10 ± 1) mA

Module 12 control and management (MKU)

This module is designed to output and enter information presented in the form of discrete signals, the module provides control signals for opening and closing valves, gate valves, gates, dampers, curtains, turning on and off pumps, fans, alarm elements, etc. ., the module receives signals from the state sensors of valves, gate valves, dampers, state signals associated with this module from autonomous devices, regulators, control buttons, etc. connected with this module in fire fighting systems and automated process control systems. A module can have the following characteristics in terms of outputs and inputs:

Number of inputs - 10

The number of programmable inputs / outputs - 4

Type of galvanic isolation - optoelectronic

Allowable potential between input circuits

and digital part of the module - 500 V

Logical zero level of input signals - from 0 to 10 V

The level of the logical unit of input signals is from 18 to 30 V

DC supply voltage - from 12 to 48 V

Maximum current of output circuits - 0.5 A

Short-circuit current limitation - up to 750 mA

Rated input current (at Uin = 24 V) - 16 mA

Sensor Power Module 13 (MTD)

The module provides power for associated sensors that do not have their own power source.

The device also contains a control panel 14 having a display screen 15, for example, a liquid crystal display, data and command input means 16, for example, a keyboard, and groups of single indicators 17, duplicated communication interfaces 18.

The processor module 1 is additionally connected to the power supply unit 19 by a separate state monitoring line 20, and an opening sensor 21 is introduced into the device.

To increase the reliability of the claimed device, the power of the device is made from two independent power sources, which can be supplied through the first main input 22 or the second backup input 23. The claimed device can include a network input node 24, which is configured to automatically select a power source and go to the backup input 23 in the event of a power failure at the main input 22. If there is no voltage at the main input 22 and the backup input 23, the power is supplied from the provided oh backup battery 25 BA-01 batteries.

Figure 2 shows the panel of the control panel PU-3 of the claimed device. The panel has a display screen 15 and a keyboard that functions as a means 16 for entering data and commands. The control panel includes single indicators 17, combined into groups, allowing to display individual current data on specific technological parameters of the controlled object or process, which increases the information content of the control panel.

One of the options for placing modules in the housing of the device is shown in Fig.3. This embodiment of the device includes a processor module 1 located in the chassis 2, where, in addition to it, a set of other necessary input-output modules 3-13 connected to the processor module is also installed. Figure 3 also shows the terminal blocks 26 of the frame, the power supply unit 19, receiving voltage from the node 24 network input, as well as the power connector 27, for connecting power to the frame 2, the connector 28 for monitoring power circuits, configured to connect control equipment, for example, connecting a multimeter, and connector 29 for connecting the remote control 14 PU-3. Power backup is performed by connecting two independent power inputs 22 and 23 to the power supply unit 19 or by connecting two independent power inputs 22 and 23 and a battery 25 to the network input unit 24, which automatically switches from the main power input 22 to the backup input 23 v in the absence of voltage at the main input 22, as well as powered by a battery 24 BA-01 in the absence of voltage at the main and backup inputs.

Industrial applicability

This technical solution is industrially feasible, has advanced functionality, is made on a modern elemental base, and has increased reliability and security.

Claims (11)

1. The device receiving control fire launcher, comprising a housing of the device in which are placed a processor module having communication interfaces, a set of input-output modules configured to receive information from sensors of fire systems and output control signals for technological equipment, a control panel including indicators and means for inputting data and commands, and Power Supply, characterized in that each of these input-output modules is connected by a common bus to the processor module, the processor module has redundant communication interfaces, is additionally connected to the power supply unit by a separate status monitoring line, and an opening detector connected to the processor module is introduced into the device, and the device further comprises a network input node that is connected to a power supply and to which two independent power inputs are connected - a main power input and an additional backup power input, as well as a battery of batteries, the network input node being configured to automatically select a power source. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control panel contains many individual indicators, and the individual indicators are combined into groups that increase the information content of the remote control and the speed of reading information. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the input-output modules are selected from the group consisting of an alarm loopback module, address loopback module, thermal resistance signal input module, analog signal input module, analog control module, discrete signal input module, module control and management, start-up control module, electronic key module, sensor power module. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the sensor of the opening of the housing of the device is a limit switch with a normally closed contact, configured to transmit information about the opening of the contact to the processor module when opening the housing cover. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tamper evident sensor is additionally configured to record information about tampering in the processor module memory with fixing the tamper time and issuing a signal to the control panel to display the tamper indicator.

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