RU163460U1 - BOILER CONTOUR WATER HEATER CONTACT (KDVK) - Google Patents

Abstract

A contact hot water boiler, characterized in that in addition to the contact chamber, in which direct heat transfer and capture of solid impurities, fly ash, has a heat exchanger combined with it, eliminating the ingress of contaminated circulation water into the heat consumption system, a first heat exchange circuit and an economizer combined with it, allowing to extract the higher calorific value of fuel, a second heat exchange circuit, as well as a sludge collector with a sludge separator to separate solid impurities, fly ash from the circus stream translational water and flue gas ejector.

Description

The utility model relates to a power system, namely, solid fuel boilers, coal, peat, wood.

Currently used solid fuel boilers have a gas pipe design, the main disadvantage of which is the deposition of a layer of fly ash on heat transfer surfaces. This reduces the efficiency of the boiler and there is a need to clean the pipes manually, or to introduce cleaning devices into the design of the boiler. Also in such boilers only the lowest heat of combustion of the fuel is extracted.

The KDVK boiler works according to the principle of contact water heaters, when the heat of the flue gases is removed by direct contact of the coolant and the flue gases, while solid particles are captured by the circulating liquid. The closest in type are:

- contact water heater RU (11) 2236650 (13) C1 (51) 7 F24H 1/10 2004.09.20;

- contact boiler FNKV-1, Ch. 39; Sosnin Yu.P., Bukharkin E.N. “Household stoves, fireplaces and water heaters” - M .: Stroyizdat, 1985 - 368 s, ill. C 66

In these devices, the direct contact of flue gases with the circulating liquid also occurs. The FNKV-1 boiler is the closest analogue; to increase the contact surface of flue gases with liquid, a nozzle layer is used in it.

The problem to which the claimed utility model is directed is to improve the operational properties of the boiler and increase its efficiency by extracting higher calorific value.

This task is achieved due to the fact that fly ash is captured by the circulation water in the contact chamber and is separated from the flow in the separator. To prevent contaminants from entering the heat consumption system, the boiler has an intermediate heat exchanger, the first heat exchange circuit. To extract the higher calorific value of fuel, the boiler is equipped with an economizer, a second heat exchange circuit. Air is used to remove flue gases.

an ejector, since the use of a mechanical smoke exhaust is difficult due to the high moisture content of the flue gases.

The technical result provided by the given set of features is to increase the time between scheduled maintenance of the boiler, stable heat transfer, high efficiency of the boiler.

The technological scheme of the KDVK boiler is presented in FIG. 1 graphic application. The boiler consists of the following parts: 1 - contact chamber; 2 - heat exchanger; 3 - economizer; 4 - flue gas ejector; 5 - sludge collector with a separator; 6 - motive fan of the ejector; 7 - circulation pump. The principle of operation of the boiler is as follows:

Flue gases from a solid fuel combustion device (burner or furnace) enter the contact chamber through a cooled pipe (portal). The portal is cooled by circulating water used as an intermediate coolant. The contact chamber is a cylindrical steel shell, inside of which on the grate there is a layer of nozzle, steel rings of Rashig. For nozzle irrigation, spray nozzles are installed. Flue gases in contact with the circulation water on the surface of the nozzle give off heat and go to the economizer along with the steam from the partial evaporation of the circulation water. Circulation water receives the heat of the flue gases, traps solid impurities, fly ash, and flows into the lower part of the contact chamber.

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is attached to the lower part of the contact chamber, the first heat exchange circuit, into the annular space of which the main heat carrier is supplied. The circulation water and the heat carrier move countercurrently in the heat exchanger. The heated coolant enters the heat consumption system, and the circulation water enters the sludge collector with a separator. To eliminate sludge deposits on the surface of the tubes, the diameter of the tubes is calculated for the developed turbulent regime, and the inner surface of the tubes is polished.

In the sludge collector, solid impurities are separated from the circulating water by a separator, which settle in the bottom as sludge. The separator works by changing the direction of the fluid flow and is a glass with a blank top part, into which a pipe for circulating water drainage is introduced. The flow of water entering the gap between the separator cup and the sludge collector shell increases the speed. Having passed the lower edge of the glass, the flow abruptly reverses direction. It also loses the flow rate due to the larger cross section of the separator's inner space with respect to the gap between the glass and the shell. The exit of solid particles from the core of the flow occurs due to inertia forces. Sludge sludge is periodically drained from the accumulator.

Flue gases with water vapor, from the top of the contact chamber, enter the economizer. The economizer, which allows to extract the higher heat of combustion of fuel, the second heat exchange circuit, is also a shell-and-tube heat exchanger attached directly to the upper part of the contact chamber. Feed water is supplied to the annulus, which moves countercurrently to the flue gas. In the economizer, condensation of water vapor from partially evaporated circulating water and chemical water obtained by fuel combustion occurs. Flue gases are cooled to a temperature of about 50 ... 60 ° C, i.e. the boiler operates in condensation mode, which increases its efficiency. Flue gases are removed from the boiler into the chimney by an air ejector. The chimney has a coaxial device. Street air passes through the annulus and is fed by a fan to the ejector nozzle. When cold air is mixed with flue gases, the residual water vapor is condensed, which flows into the economizer, and from it, together with the rest of the condensate, back to the contact chamber. The condensation of chemical water vapor from fuel combustion creates a debit of water in the circulation circuit. This excess is discharged from the boiler along with the sludge.

KDVK can be used as a waste heat boiler for waste gases from incineration plants, since the contact chamber, in fact, is a nozzle scrubber. In this case, reagents are introduced into the circulating water to neutralize acid gases, dioxins and benzo (a) pyrene.

A drawing of a 15 kW KDVK boiler is shown in FIG. 2 graphical applications.

Claims (1)

A contact hot water boiler, characterized in that in addition to the contact chamber, in which direct heat transfer and capture of solid impurities, fly ash, has a heat exchanger combined with it, eliminating the ingress of contaminated circulation water into the heat consumption system, a first heat exchange circuit and an economizer combined with it, allowing to extract the higher calorific value of fuel, a second heat exchange circuit, as well as a sludge collector with a sludge separator to separate solid impurities, fly ash from the circus stream translational water and flue gas ejector.

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