RU15647U1 - ARTICULATOR - Google Patents

Description

ARTICULATOR

The invention relates to the design of a device for simulating the adjustable movements of the lower jaw, which is necessary to build effective occlusive relationships in prosthetic dentistry in the manufacture of dentures.

The chewing system due to its complex three-dimensional spatial movement is the most complex moving system of the human body. An unhindered morphological relationship between the temporomandibular joint and the dentition is the basis of a functional chewing organ. With large defects of this system, a functionally oriented treatment is necessary. Articulators and appropriate measuring systems allow you to determine the anatomical ratios and reamers necessary for prosthetics based on the individual characteristics of the patient.

The closest solution to the proposed design can be considered a Protar 7 device from KaVo Elektrotechnisches Werk. Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, Germany, 1997. (copy attached).

SHZH: A61) (C, (/ 00 her. A model plate is fixed on the upper part of the body, on which an impression of the upper jaw is mounted during operation. An impression of the lower jaw is placed on the model plate of the lower part of the body. Both parts of the body are interconnected via 2 joint mechanism (imitators of the temporomandibular joints) and adjustable incisial support.Each articular mechanism contains a joint simulator in the form of a sphere and a joint surface simulator in the form of a curved sleeve along which the sphere moves. The lower part contains nodes that allow measuring the movements of the elements of the articular mechanism in different directions to achieve specified anatomical proportions and sizes .. In the prototype, the articular mechanism is made in the form of several removable inserts and cylinders with complex curved surfaces that interact in the process of working with the joint simulator (see copy of the prototype ). To measure each given parameter (retrusion, protrusion, Shift angle, etc.), a specific cylinder or insert must be installed. In everyday work, the constant change of parts on the measuring device creates certain inconveniences for maintenance personnel and can lead to errors. In addition, such replacement parts tend to get lost, which leads to downtime of expensive equipment. The objective of the proposed solution is to increase the convenience in using the device, as well as expanding its functionality. To solve this problem, in an articulator containing the upper and lower parts of the body with model plates rigidly fixed to them for casts of the upper and lower jaws, respectively, two

articular mechanism with imitators of the joint in the form of a sphere and incisal support, the articular mechanism is made in the form of three carriages installed mutually perpendicular, the guide of the first one is rigidly fixed on the upper part of the articulator body, the first carriage mounted on rails with the possibility of vertical displacement perpendicular to the articular axis , the second is mounted on the first with the possibility of displacement in the horizontal plane (psc) allele to the articular axis, and the third carriage is mounted on the second carriage with the possibility of they are in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the articular axis, while on the second carriage a simulator of a curved articular surface is mounted with the possibility of movement of a simulator of the joint along it, which is rigidly connected to the lower part of the articulator body, as well as an emphasis - with the possibility of interaction with a simulator of the joint, and on the third carriage with the possibility of interacting with a joint simulator, an area with a curved surface and a second emphasis are installed.

The introduction of the proposed structural changes in the articular mechanism and its connection with the articulator body made it possible to measure and set the necessary anatomical relationships of all parameters in one node, without replaceable parts. In addition, this design provided the measurement of additional parameters, such as distraction, and also allowed to expand the measurement range of the remaining parameters. An additional convenience in the work was the possibility of rigid fixation of the nodes of the articular mechanism in any intermediate position.

The proposed design is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - articulator, side view,

FIG. 2 - articulator, front view,

FIG. 4 - articular mechanism, view from below,

FIG. 5 - articular mechanism, left view,

FIG. 6-8 - sequence of the initial installation of the device.

The articulator contains a housing (Fig. 1 and 2), consisting of two parts. On the upper 1 part of the body is rigidly fixed model plate 2 for the impression of the upper jaw. Joint mechanisms 3 are mounted on the left and right on the ends of the upper part of the body 1. On the lower part of the articulator body 4, a model plate 5 is fixed for casting the lower jaw. Both bodies 1 and 4 are interconnected both by means of a joint mechanism and by a precision support 6. FIG. 3,4,5 shows in detail the articular mechanism 3.

The joint mechanism contains a joint simulator 7 in the form of a sphere (Fig. 3 - 5) and a joint surface simulator 8 (Fig. 3). The sphere 7 is mounted on a cylinder 9, which is rigidly fixed to the lower part 4 of the articulator body.

On the upper part 1 of the body of the articulator, guides are made for the base of the grid 10 (distraction carriage), along which the carriage 10 can move in a vertical plane, perpendicular to the axis 11 of the articular mechanism.

The carriage 10 is provided with guides for the IE carriage (carriage of the initial lateral shift) along which the carriage 12 can move in the horizontal plane psc) along the axis 11. A simulator of the articular surface 8 is mounted on the carriage 12 with the possibility of its interaction with the sphere 7 of the joint simulator.

The carriage 12 serves as a guide for the next carriage 13 (protrusion-retrusion carriage), which moves in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the axis 11.. Radial guides 14 are mounted on this shaft: 13, along which an emphasis 15 moves, which contacts the sphere of the joint simulator 7 and is intended to determine the Shift angle. An additional emphasis 16, restricting the movement of the sphere 7, is mounted on the carriage 12. The movement of all the carriages is provided by screw-nut mechanisms by turning the screws 17,18,19. The articulator works as follows. To ensure effective occlusal ratios of dentures, taking into account the individual condition of the patient's temporomandibular joint, it is necessary to obtain the value of some parameters that determine the design of prostheses. For this, a simulator of the temporomandibular joint (articular mechanism) serves. Before the articulator begins to work, individual individual anatomical relationships are determined by the individual anatomical landmarks of the patient using the facial arch and registrars, similar to the prototype (see Fig. 6-8). Further, in accordance with the data obtained, individual nodes of the articular mechanisms are configured. The relative position of the casts of the upper and lower jaws, which are installed on the corresponding model plates of the articulator, depends on the position of the nodes of the articular mechanisms. Thus, the articulator allows you to achieve specified occlusal ratios of dentures, taking into account the individual anatomical features of the patient. 1. Protrusion (the movement of the lower jaw forward) is determined by the amount of displacement of the carriage 13 from the initial position to the specified one. C) (- 5th order relative to the protrusion in terms of the displacement of the carriage 13.

3. The angle Shift (lateral displacement of the joint) is determined by the amount of rotation of the stop 15 along the radius guides 14 on the carriage 13.

4. The desired distraction is achieved by displacement of the carriage 10.

5. The desired lateral shift is set by moving the carriage 12. All parts of the articular mechanism are made of metal, simple to

manufacturing and assembly.

Thus, the proposed articulator allows you to achieve the specified ratio of the lower and upper jaws using two mechanisms, without interchangeable parts. The joint mechanism in such a design is always assembled, and the sequence of movement of the nodes of the mechanism is achieved through simple sequential movement of various nodes with the fixation of each required position.

The proposed design, in addition, allowed expanding the functionality of the t-tick, providing a change in distraction, as well as the range of variation of other p-meters. The absence of interchangeable parts, the exclusion of disassembly and assembly of mechanisms, as well as the possibility of fixing the position of the joint simulator on the joint surface simulator, significantly improved the convenience and quality of work with the articulator.

Claims (1)

An articulator containing the upper and lower parts of the body with model plates rigidly fixed on them for casts, respectively, of the upper and lower jaws, two articular mechanisms with imitators of the joint in the form of a sphere and incisal support, characterized in that the articular mechanism is made in the form of three mutually mounted perpendicular to the carriages, the guide of the first of them is rigidly fixed on the upper part of the articulator body, and the first carriage is mounted on guides with the possibility of vertical displacement of the perpendicular but the articular axis, the second is mounted on the first with the possibility of displacement in the horizontal plane parallel to the articular axis, and the third carriage is mounted on the second carriage with the possibility of displacement in the horizontal plane perpendicular to the articular axis, while a simulator of a curved articular surface is mounted on the second carriage with the possibility of movement along it a joint simulator, which is rigidly connected to the lower part of the articulator body, as well as an emphasis - with the possibility of interaction with a joint simulator, and on the third carriage with POSSIBILITY simulator interacting with the joint mounted stop which moves along the guide radius.