RU148136U1 - SYSTEM FOR ELIMINATION OF AQUA PLANING OF A CAR - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car, including a source of compressed air containing an air compressor and an accumulation tank for compressed air with a pressure sensor and safety valve, a main valve, a distributor of compressed air flows, air pipelines, nozzles for supplying an air stream in front of the wheels of the car , characterized in that it is equipped with an electronic control unit, the compressed air source has the ability to drain the compressed air, nozzles for supplying an air stream before controlling With our car wheels they can be moved to take into account the rotation of these wheels, at least two nozzles use an individual air valve located in the pneumatic duct in front of the corresponding nozzle, each nozzle is located at the lower edge of the front of the wheel niche and has a dirt-repellent coating. 2. The car aquaplaning elimination system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two nozzles are of such a design that the track on the road surface from the air flow created by the nozzle takes the form of a figure resembling a triangle, the apex of which is directed towards the movement car. 3. The car aquaplaning elimination system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two nozzles are provided with shutters for protection against pollution, and the shutters are dirt-repellent. The car aquaplaning elimination system according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two nozzles are provided with shutters for protection against pollution, and the shutters have a dirt-repellent coating. Systems

Description

The product relates to means for increasing the force of adhesion of the wheels to the road surface, is intended to eliminate the effect of aquaplaning of the car, in which one or more wheels of the car lose adhesion to the road due to the formation of a water layer between the wheel and the road surface.

A device is known, described in US patent 4063606 1977, the author of MAKINSON RUTH G. In this device, the principle of removing a layer of water from the road surface directly in front of the wheels of the car using compressed air. For this purpose, the author proposes to use a source of compressed air, in particular, an air compressor, from which air is supplied through hoses to nozzles located in front of the wheels of the car. Nozzles form an air stream that is directed and acts on the water layer on the road surface in front of the wheels. As a result, water is partially or almost completely removed from the pavement area immediately before this area is in the spot of contact with the car wheel. Thus, the conditions necessary for the development of aquaplaning (with almost complete removal of water from the future contact patch) are virtually eliminated or the speed of the start of aquaplaning is moved to a region of higher values (with partial removal of water).

In this device, the author takes into account the need for displacement of the air flow when turning the wheel, however, the proposed location of the nozzle on the pivot arm directly in front of the car wheel is a drawback of this device. This scheme is not applicable to modern cars due to the need for a significant increase in the gap between the wheel and the wheel arch for the implementation of the rotation of the wheel with different suspension moves, as well as due to the filling of mud-snow mass in the wheel niche during the autumn-winter-spring period.

The second disadvantage is the flow of air only in front of the front wheels of the car. Hydroplaning a car can begin not only on the front, but independently, on one or both of the rear wheels. This may occur, for example, when cornering a car or bypassing an obstacle.

The main disadvantage of this device is the supply of compressed air through hoses to nozzles located in front of the wheels of the car, directly from the compressor. Although the author indicates this particular version of the device in a dependent clause of the formula, the author’s drawings everywhere show just such an option. At the same time, the compressor must constantly work, otherwise, it will not be able to create the required parameters of the air flow on the nozzle exit in time (hereinafter, the nozzle section refers to such a nozzle section after which the air stream flows without touching the nozzle walls or already outside the nozzle ) It is necessary to clarify this. Aquaplaning on modern cars develops at speeds typically exceeding 60 ... 80 km / h. Already at a speed of 72 km / h the car passes 20 meters per second. To prevent a complete loss of control, as well as dangerous drift of the rear axle and demolition of the front axle of the vehicle, it is necessary that the vehicle travel as close as possible in aquaplaning mode (preferably no more than 1 ... 2 meters). This means that from the signal to turn on the compressor until it creates an air stream with operating parameters at the nozzle exit, no more than OD second should pass. It is impossible to provide such time with the necessary parameters of pressure and air flow, as well as with the mass-dimensional performance of the compressor applicable to the car at the current level of development of compressor technology. If the compressor is constantly on, it creates additional noise, and also increases fuel consumption or battery energy.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car is the device described in patent EP 2058141 2009, author of POZZI MARCO. This device is taken as a prototype.

The device proposed by this author also uses the principle of removal by a stream of gas (air) of a layer of water from the road surface directly in front of the wheels of the car.

Compared with the analogue described above, this device as part of a compressed air source already contains a storage tank filled with a compressor, and a controlled valve controls the air supply from the storage tank to the pneumatic line of the system. By this, the author significantly increases the speed of the entire system, bringing it closer to a practically applicable level. However, it is worth noting that this system contains one controlled valve, which is located next to the storage tank in front of the air distributor. This means that after opening this valve, compressed air will first fill the entire air line between the valve and the nozzles before it starts to exit the nozzles. This will require additional time, and as shown above in the description of the analogue, for the efficient operation of such a system it is necessary to achieve a minimum reaction time of the system, which is defined as the time interval between the moment of aquaplaning start on any wheel and the moment of the beginning of air flow supply with operating parameters before the wheel. This design feature should be attributed to the first drawback of this device.

The second drawback is the fact that the author bypassed any measures aimed at protecting the nozzles in front of the wheels from dirt and ice. Since cars around the world do not drive in ideal conditions, two very important factors must be taken into account, namely:

1. dirty water often flies from under the wheels of the car, but dirty water, which when dried forms a mud crust over time, which, settling on the nozzles, can make it difficult or even block the air flow coming out of the nozzles;

2. the vast majority of all cars in the world travel in climatic conditions when the ambient temperature is near 0 ° C for some time, which can cause frost on the nozzles, which in turn can make it difficult or even block the air flow coming out of the nozzles.

Thus, without adequate measures to counteract the above environmental factors, the nozzles may turn out to be partially or completely blocked, which will reduce the efficiency or completely disable the system. It should be noted that the most simple and at the same time very reliable solution to counter icing will be the use of heated nozzles. This practice has proven itself with the example of heated windshield washer nozzles.

The third disadvantage of this device is that it ignored the need to take into account the rotation of the steered wheels of the car (in a very small number of cars, the steered wheels are not only front, but also rear). The aquaplaning of the car poses the greatest danger when cornering, when the lateral forces acting on the car are significant and maintaining directional stability and handling is most important. When the car’s steered wheels turn and the nozzle remains in the same position, the effectiveness of the air flow on the water layer immediately before the contact spot of such wheels decreases, and the risk of aquaplaning increases.

It is important to emphasize that the presence of an exchange rate stability system in a car, of course, helps with aquaplaning, but this system is not able to fully protect the car, since it acts on the principle of braking individual wheels of a car, and when aquaplaning a wheel that needs to be braked, can moment to not have contact with the road.

The principle of operation of the inventive system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car, in general, is similar to the principle of operation of the above analogue and prototype. However, due to the use of new elements, as well as a change in the design of some elements of the system, the qualitative parameters of the inventive system are significantly improved compared to the prototype. In particular, it eliminated all the discovered shortcomings of the analogue and prototype, and also added new functionality: electronic control, the ability to adjust to road conditions, protection from dirt and ice, together with the possibility of self-cleaning.

The algorithm of the claimed system can be described as follows. After turning on the ignition, the electronic control unit transfers the inventive system from the off state to standby mode, in which he, having tested the system for serviceability, waits until the vehicle speed exceeds the set value. After reaching this speed, the electronic control unit puts the inventive system into standby mode, in which it, receiving signals from available sensors, constantly analyzes this information in accordance with the built-in program. When, based on the information received, the electronic control unit makes a conclusion about the occurrence of aquaplaning on any wheel, it immediately puts the claimed system into active mode and sends a set of control commands to the actuators of the claimed system to form an air flow in front of this wheel. This takes into account the change in the position of the car in space (its speed and acceleration) and the position of the steering wheel. When, based on signals from available sensors, the electronic control unit concludes that aquaplaning has been successfully eliminated, it, in accordance with the built-in program, stops the air supply to this wheel. If at the same time aquaplaning is not found on any of the wheels of the car, then the electronic control unit puts the inventive system back into standby mode. To increase the accuracy of aquaplaning recognition, the electronic control unit can be equipped with additional sensors.

A diagram of the inventive system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car is presented in figure 1, where: 1 - compressor, 2 - storage tank for compressed air, 3 - safety valve, 4 - pressure sensor, 5 - main valve, 6 - distributor of compressed air flows, 7 - electronic control unit, 8 — air pipelines, 9 — individual valve, 10 — nozzle or block of movable nozzles, 11 — electric cables (indicated by a dashed line), 12 — incoming signals from sensors.

The technical result, which is achieved by the claimed system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car, is reliable protection of the car from negative factors of aquaplaning, such as complete loss of control, skidding of the rear axle, and demolition of the front axle.

The goal is achieved:

- the use of new elements in the inventive system for eliminating aquaplaning of an automobile: an electronic control unit and individual valves located in the pneumatic duct in front of the corresponding nozzles. In this case, during the transition of the system from the standby mode to the active mode, time will be required mainly only for opening individual valves, since the entire air line from the storage tank to the individual valves is already under pressure. These measures, together, can significantly reduce the reaction time of the system, and this, as shown above, is a critical parameter;

- the ability to move the nozzles to supply air flows in front of the steered wheels of the car to account for the rotation of these wheels;

- the location of the nozzles in an optimal place in front of the wheel, at the lower edge of the front of the wheel niche. The layout is presented in figure 2, where: 1 - the wheel niche of the front wheel, 2 - the wheel niche of the rear wheel, 3 - the location of the nozzles or blocks of the moving nozzles (for more details on the blocks of the moving nozzles, see page 9 of this description), 4 - the wheel of the car . This takes into account the balance of such indicators as: the distance from the nozzle exit to the road surface, the angle of the nozzle to the road surface, passive protection from mechanical damage and dirt flying from under the wheels, minimal interference with the vehicle structure;

- the use of a dirt-repellent coating of the nozzles, which can significantly reduce the risk of ice formation and mud crusts on the nozzles;

- the use of a compressed air dryer as a part of a compressed air source. It should be noted that air drying in pneumatic technology, in particular, in compressed air sources, has long been known and widely used, however, there is no mention of its necessity and its use in systems similar to the claimed in public sources of information. This is a very significant aspect, since moisture causes corrosion, but most importantly, at ambient temperatures close to 0 ° C and lower, moisture in the pneumatic path of the system will freeze, which can reduce the cross section of the air lines and even block them (in particular, valves ) In addition, in the fall, for example, it often rains, and in the evening the temperature drops below 0 ° C. If, when driving in the rain, the claimed system went into active mode, then it will make up for air losses in the storage tank directly in rainy weather, when the humidity of the surrounding air is very high. This means that even at relatively low compression pressures, moisture will be released in the compressor and storage tank, which runs the risk of freezing when the ambient temperature drops, which can lead to difficulties in the operation of the system or even its failure. To prevent such situations, the source of compressed air of the inventive system contains a subsystem of air drying.

Various options for the design of the inventive system for the elimination of aquaplaning of the car allow you to implement additional features to increase the efficiency and reliability of this system. The following are the most important of the possible improvements.

1. A special form of air flow. From hydrodynamics it is well known that the resistance of a medium when flowing around an obstacle, all other things being equal, substantially depends on the shape of the obstacle. That is why all high-speed boats have an elongated shape and a pointed nose. Accordingly, if a classic round nozzle with a circular cross section of a cut is used to blow off the water layer in front of the wheel, it forms an air spot close to the round on the road surface. Its significant drawback is the inefficiency of spending the kinetic energy of the air stream to remove water from the future contact spot, since a significant part of this energy goes to the formation of a backward wave in the water layer in front of the air spot. As a result of the formation of a backward wave, the thickness of the water layer in front of the air spot increases. This can lead to an avalanche-like increase in the thickness of the water layer and breakthrough of water through the air stream. Accordingly, to eliminate this possibility and increase the overall efficiency, it is necessary to bring the spot shape closer to the most optimal one, in which the backward wave will be minimal or absent, and the water will be forced out only to the sides. Such a shape is a triangle or close to it, for example, the shape of a classic boomerang. In this case, the backward wave is practically absent, and all the energy of the air stream is used to remove the water layer away from the wheel.

2. Using a block of movable nozzles instead of a single nozzle. As shown above, the shape of the air flow greatly affects the removal efficiency of the water layer. The creation of air flows in the shape of a triangle, it is possible both with the help of a single nozzle with a special shape, or with the help of several closely spaced nozzles, even with a classic round shape. Also, the additional mobility of the nozzles allows them to adapt to the traffic situation, in particular, not only deviate towards the steering wheels, but also adjust their position to take into account the speed and acceleration of the car. The latter is equally true and effective both for the block of movable nozzles and for a single nozzle.

3. Security shutters. In addition to the dirt-repellent coating, protective curtains can additionally be used to protect the inside of the nozzles from dirt and ice. In all modes, except for the active one, the shutters cover the internal parts of the nozzles, thus, neither water, nor dirt, nor dust, nor sand can get inside. When the system goes into active mode, the curtains open and close together with the individual valve. Naturally, to reduce the likelihood of blocking the curtains with a mud peel or ice, the curtains also have a dirt-repellent coating.

4. Ultrasonic cleaning module. When the car drives on dirty roads or when the ambient temperature is above 0 ° C during the day and lower at night, while the system is not used for a long time in active mode, even with a dirt-repellent coating of nozzles and shutters, mud crusts and frost can form, in particular originating from neighboring car parts. To solve this problem, an ultrasonic cleaning module can be installed on each nozzle or block of movable nozzles, which produces high-frequency oscillations that destroy dirt in the form of mud crusts and ice. Thus, the efficiency and reliability of the system is maintained even in the most severe operating conditions for this system.

5. The Kotousov effect. The original article was published in the Journal of Technical Physics, 2005, Volume 75, Issue 9, Page 8, by L.S. Kotousov. The article is devoted to the study of the parameters of water jets after flowing out of nozzles with different geometries. The author discovered and investigated a new hydrodynamic effect, in which the transfer of internal energy from the surrounding air to the flowing stream occurs, which at the same time acquires additional kinetic energy. L.S. Kotousov conducted similar experiments in which air was used instead of water, i.e. an air stream leaked into the atmosphere. The author notes that the transfer of energy to the jet in this case is less effective, but, nevertheless, it is possible to obtain an increase of more than 30% of the energy. Changing the configuration of the nozzles in the inventive system for the effective use of this phenomenon will reduce the pressure and air flow from the storage tank with the same performance indicators of removing a layer of water from the road surface. Due to this, it will be possible to use less pressure in the pneumatic tract, and to use a less efficient compressor.

It should be noted that when driving on public roads, sand and gravel can often fly from under the wheels, which can exert an abrasive effect on the surface of the nozzles, and when parking it is possible to touch a curb over the lower parts of the nozzles or curtains if they are positioned significantly protruding outside car body. Therefore, the location of the single nozzles and blocks of the movable nozzles selected in the inventive system is optimal, including in terms of passive protection. In addition, it is possible to use regular car parts, for example, plastic fenders, to improve passive protection.

Thus, the inventive system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car has significant advantages compared with the prototype. In particular, it improves performance, efficiency and reliability.

After analyzing the prior art on scientific and technical sources of information, the applicant did not find an analogue with features identical to the essential features of the claimed utility model.

The selected prototype of the product made it possible to identify a set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the technical result seen in the claimed product, set forth in the utility model formula. Therefore, the claimed utility model "System for eliminating the aquaplaning of the car" meets the criterion of novelty.

The criterion of industrial applicability of the claimed utility model “System for eliminating aquaplaning of a car” is confirmed by the fact that this product does not violate any of the principles of functioning of structural elements and devices included in its composition, and opens up new possibilities for maintaining directional stability and controllability of the car, thereby reducing the number of road crashes.

Claims (18)

1. A system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car, including a source of compressed air containing an air compressor and an accumulation tank for compressed air with a pressure sensor and safety valve, a main valve, a distributor of compressed air flows, air pipelines, nozzles for supplying an air stream in front of the wheels of the car , characterized in that it is equipped with an electronic control unit, the compressed air source has the ability to drain the compressed air, nozzles for supplying an air stream before controlling With our car wheels they can be moved to take into account the rotation of these wheels, at least two nozzles use an individual air valve located in the pneumatic path in front of the corresponding nozzle, each nozzle is located at the lower edge of the front of the wheel niche and has a dirt-repellent coating. 2. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two nozzles have such a design that the track on the road surface from the air flow created by the nozzle takes the form of a figure resembling a triangle, the top of which is directed to side of the car. 3. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two nozzles are equipped with shutters for protection against pollution, and the shutters have a dirt-repellent coating. 4. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two nozzles are equipped with shutters for protection against pollution, and the shutters are dirt-repellent. 5. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two nozzles have a module for ultrasonic cleaning of ice and pollution. 6. The system for the elimination of aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two nozzles have a module for ultrasonic cleaning of ice and pollution. 7. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that at least two nozzles have a module for ultrasonic cleaning of ice and pollution. 8. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that at least two nozzles have a module for ultrasonic cleaning of ice and pollution. 9. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least two nozzles have such a design that acceleration of the air flow arising from the nozzles occurs due to the transfer of part of the internal energy of the ambient air to it . 10. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car, including a source of compressed air containing an air compressor and an accumulation tank for compressed air with a pressure sensor and a safety valve, a main valve, a distributor of compressed air flows, air pipelines, characterized in that it is equipped with an electronic control unit , the source of compressed air has the ability to drain the compressed air, nozzles for supplying air flow in front of the wheels of the car are replaced by blocks of movable nozzles, which have m movable to account for the steering wheel, at least an individual using the air valve positioned in the pneumatic path before moving the corresponding block of nozzles, each nozzle is movable unit at the lower edge of the front portion of the wheel recess and has a dirt-repellent coating for the two moving units of nozzles. 11. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car according to claim 10, characterized in that at least two blocks of movable nozzles have such a design that the track on the road surface from the air flow created by this block of movable nozzles takes the form of a shape resembling a triangle , the top of which is directed towards the movement of the car. 12. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 10, characterized in that at least two blocks of movable nozzles are provided with shutters for protection against pollution, and the shutters are dirt-repellent. 13. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that at least two blocks of movable nozzles are equipped with shutters for protection against pollution, and the shutters are dirt-repellent. 14. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 10, characterized in that at least two blocks of movable nozzles are equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning module from ice and pollution. 15. The system for the elimination of aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that at least two blocks of movable nozzles are equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning module from ice and pollution. 16. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that at least two blocks of movable nozzles are equipped with an ultrasonic de-icing and pollution module. 17. The system for the elimination of aquaplaning of a vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that at least two blocks of movable nozzles are equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning module from ice and pollution. 18. The system for eliminating the aquaplaning of a car according to any one of claims 10-17, characterized in that at least two blocks of movable nozzles have such a design that acceleration of the air flow arising from the nozzles occurs due to the transfer of part of the internal energy to it ambient air.

Images