RU12458U1 - COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS AND WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The combustion chamber for combustible materials and waste, containing two walls, inner and outer, and a grate, characterized in that the walls and grate are placed coaxially to each other, while the inner wall is made with openings for the passage of gas, and the grate with increasing to the base with a cross section. 2. The chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall is made in the form of rings of increasing diameter in the direction of the grating, installed in each other with a gap forming an opening, while the rings located in the area of the grating are installed with the possibility of vertical movement. The chamber according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the grill is made in the form of a set of plates placed with a gap for the passage of air one above the other, and increasing in size to the base with the formation of a truncated cone.

Description

Combustion chamber for combustible materials and waste

The proposal relates to the field of burning of combustible materials and waste, in particular, it can be used to create more advanced devices for burning various capacities working on waste.

A combustion chamber for combustible materials and waste is known, containing two walls, internal and external, and a grate (SU 1615463 A1, 23.12.90).

A disadvantage of the known chamber is the inability to provide a continuous process of burning materials.

The technical result is the provision of self-distribution of air heated to a temperature of self-ignition of the gas in the required quantities, providing the necessary degree of filtration in various combustion zones, achieving complete coke burning and afterburning of gas, ensuring a continuous combustion process to the final combustion products, by transferring heat from the external combustion chamber to the internal and preheating the air in the device itself, simplifying the design and increasing efficiency.

The technical result is achieved in that the combustion chamber for combustible materials and waste contains two walls, internal and external, and a grate. The walls and the lattice are placed coaxially to each other, while the inner wall is made with

IPC 6: F 23V 1/34

openings for the passage of gas, and the lattice with a cross section increasing towards the base. The inner wall is made in the form of rings of increasing diameter in the direction of the grating, installed in each other with a gap forming an opening. The grill is made in the form of a set of plates placed with a gap for the passage of air one above the other and increasing in size to the base with the formation of a truncated cone.

The drawing shows a camera in section.

The fuel mass for use in the proposed device can be any combustible materials and waste. As an example, the most uncomfortable of them is contaminated with oil products (fuel oil) soil. When the fuel oil content is 10-15% (the rest is sand), such combustible material is a pasty or loose mass with very low gas permeability. Burning such a fuel mass in its pure form in the embodiment of filtration combustion is not feasible. It is necessary to adjust the composition with additional additives to obtain optimal component ratios, for which wood sawdust is added to the composition except for sand. A device for burning combustible materials and waste consists of two adjacent combustion chambers 4 located in the housing 15 with a grate 3 and, located around it, an external combustion chamber 2 with a common wall 12 between them. The lower part of the perforated wall 12 is closed in an air collector 5, which surrounds the inner chamber, while in the external combustion chamber, and together with the grill is a single unit. Conical lattice 3 consists of a set of plates 13 with a gap between them for passage

air. The wall is formed by a set of rings 14 inserted one into another with a gap for the passage of air and the output of pyrolysis products from the internal to the external combustion chamber. Bottom of the manifold and grate through the separator 9 of combustion products and the heat exchanger preheating air 8.

The device also includes a pipe 11 for supplying air, a pipe 7 for removing combustion products, a hopper 1, a channel b for passage of air into the outer chamber 2 and a shutter 10 for discharging solid combustion products.

An exhaust fan (not shown) draws combustion products (exhaust flue gases) from both combustion chambers. Due to the vacuum generated by the fan, combustion air and afterburning are self-sucked into the grill 3 and the collector 5. The intake air passing through the heat exchanger 8 and the separator 9, is preheated to 200-250 ° C. Finally, the air entering the oxidation reaction is heated to the self-ignition temperature of the combustible gases, passing through the grate 3 between the plates 13, and the collector 5, which is washed by the exhaust products from the external combustion chamber 2 (collector tubes 4 are washed from the internal chamber by the exhaust products). Air is distributed between the combustion chambers. Part of the air is directed to the grill 3, passes between the plates 13, and is consumed in the inner chamber 4 for combustion of the fuel mass (P1 folysis and the formation of volatile combustible components, the burning out of hardly volatile components and coke). Another part of the air through the tubes 17 is sent to the collector, from which: air enters

the internal combustion chamber 4 through the wall 12 (and is consumed for burning the fuel mass along with part of the air entering through the grill), and into the external combustion chamber 2 through the annular gap in the upper manifold cover and is consumed for burning and afterburning of volatile combustible components entering through the perforated a wall from the inner chamber. Provides automatic self-adjustment of the process with changes in its burning rate. To control the afterburning of volatile combustible gases, a separate additional channel is used for self-priming of air with heating due to the heat of the external combustion chamber. The fuel mass is loaded from above through the hopper of the feeder. As it burns out, the fuel mass drops by gravity. When releasing the upper part of the feeder to a certain level, the fuel mass is periodically recharged. The feed opening in the hopper 1 does not require sealing and is constantly in the open state. The aspirated combustion products are separated, the solid condensed phase accumulates at the bottom and is periodically discharged through the bottom damper 10.

The combustion zones of the fuel mass are in the grating region. Below the upper part of the lattice, hardly volatile constituents stand out; Above the grate there is a zone in which the emission of volatile components and pyrolysis products of fuel oil and wood takes place. Volatile products through the perforated wall 12 go into the external combustion chamber 2, where they are burned in the air coming from the collector 5. In the combustion zone of hardly volatile and coking components (in the lower part

lattice) coke is formed and burns. The coke residue on sand particles consists mainly of carbon, the oxidation rate of which is highly dependent on temperature and oxygen concentration. The use of a conical combustion chamber of this design with a perforated wall with openings and a conical grate provides reliable air access to the combustion zones (with self-distribution in the required quantities and ensuring the necessary filtration rate in various combustion zones). In this case, the main air flow does not go towards the flow of combustible mass, but perpendicular to it, through its relatively small layer (from two opposite directions). The taper of the combustion chamber and the grate gradually reduces this layer to a minimum towards the end of the coke burnout and, in turn, also allows to gradually increase the air flow towards the end of the burnout and thereby burn out coke on sand particles faster and easier. Moreover, part of the air, together with the combustion products of the coke residue, is spent on removing sand released from coke through the gap between the lower edge of the conical grate and the lower ring of the perforated wall 12 of the combustion chamber. The organization of the combustion process of the fuel mass in the internal combustion chamber is such that the products of reactions proceeding along the height of the combustion chamber move in two directions (up and down). Pyrolysis products, volatile components and part of the non-volatile components move up to burn in the external combustion chamber. Moving down the combustion products of coke and the main part of the hard-to-volatile components, carrying with it the sand that is newly freed from coke.

To start the device, it is necessary to warm up the combustion chambers with some full-fledged fuel (for example, wood waste), and then load the working mixture.

Claims (3)

1. The combustion chamber for combustible materials and waste, containing two walls, inner and outer, and a grate, characterized in that the walls and grate are placed coaxially to each other, while the inner wall is made with openings for the passage of gas, and the grate with increasing to the base of the cross section.  2. The chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall is made in the form of rings of increasing diameter in the direction of the grating, installed in each other with a gap forming a hole, while the rings located in the area of the grating are installed with the possibility of vertical movement. 3. The chamber according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the grill is made in the form of a set of plates placed with a gap for the passage of air one above the other, and increasing in size to the base with the formation of a truncated cone.