RS66834B1 - Projectile and method for producing a projectile - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The subject invention relates to a projectile with one basic body of the projectile, which has a recess for receiving the explosive material as well as at least one surface coating of a primarily cylindrical shape whose section is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the basic body of the projectile, and in which at least one fragmented group comprising at least two ring-shaped fragmentation bodies placed adjacent to each other is provided, which are strung along the surface of the coating-shell and build separable segments-fragments projectiles. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the procedure for the production of such a projectile.

STATE OF THE ART

According to the definition, a projectile is a technical-weapons term for a solid body, which is launched or fired from a launching device or an ejector device. One such projectile has a basic projectile body with a cavity in which there is a warhead or explosive charge, which is activated by means of an igniter or detonator. The outer shape of such a projectile should provide as little resistance as possible when moving through the air.

A projectile of this type does not have its own propulsion, but is accelerated from the outside. For this purpose, it may be necessary for such a projectile to contain a propellant charge and an igniter to activate the propellant for firing, for example from a launch tube. After leaving this launch or ejector device, the projectile follows a ballistic trajectory along which it travels like a thrown object. Depending on their design and properties, such projectiles are also called shell-shaped body, shell-shaped projectile, hand grenade, or active explosive body.

Regardless of their respective sizes, such projectiles can be divided into so-called mortar shells as well as artillery shells.

The term "mortar" or "grenade launcher" refers to a cannon launcher with a high ejection angle with a short barrel for firing grenades. Mortar shells are projectiles fired from mortars or grenade launchers. A mortar shell usually already has a basic propellant charge, which is placed, for example, in the tail part or the tail unit of the projectile. Such a tail part, which can be attached to the body of the missile, serves to stabilize the trajectory of the missile during flight. In order to fire a mortar shell, it is usually placed on the opening of the launch tube and then slides down the launch tube on its own. Contact with the firing pin at the closed end of the mortar tube ignites the propelling explosive charge, which ejects the mortar shell from the launch tube.

In an artillery shell, the projectile itself, the propellant charge required to fire the projectile, as well as the propellant charge igniter are usually separate and only come together just before firing. Because of this, handling an artillery shell is not very easy, but it offers increased flexibility. Selecting the appropriate type and amount of propellant charge can affect the ignition range, and selecting the appropriate ignition device can affect the effect of the combat charge or explosive charge when the shell hits the target. For example, a proximity fuse can be attached to the top of the projectile, which ignites an explosive charge on impact with the ground. Alternatively, for example, ignition devices can be used that allow the projectile to detonate while still in flight in the air at a certain height from the ground. Depending on the purpose, artillery shells can be used with or without a tail part. If necessary, artillery shells can include appropriate devices for control and guidance and be designed or executed as guided weapons.

Accordingly, missiles of this type can be configured differently depending on their purpose and can optionally contain one or more propellant charges, a suitable propellant igniter, a tail unit for flight path stabilization and/or an ignition device, for example, a remote fuse.

From the state of the art, numerous designs are already known, i.e. variants of projectiles with cladding made in fragments, i.e. segments, i.e. with ring fragmentation elements or bodies made in segments - fragments, which are attached to the body of the projectile and which produce shrapnel fragments in case of explosion of the explosive charge located in the cavity inside the projectile. Such projectiles are also commonly called grenades or fragmentation grenades. A grenade is usually a hollow body with a warhead or an explosive charge, which is activated by a detonator. Such projectiles or shells are classified according to their functional characteristics as well as according to the caliber, which represents the measure of their largest outer diameter.

Conventional missile explosions purposefully produce projectile fragments that are naturally different in mass and size, which has the disadvantage that such fragments of different sizes and masses also have different effective ranges depending on their size. Small fragments with a relatively small mass therefore have only a small effect in a smaller effective radius, while large fragments with a relatively large mass can be thrown outside the intended effective area intended for the target effect of the projectile during the explosion and may cause unwanted damage, so-called collateral damage, outside the intended target area of the projectile in question.

In order to standardize the size distribution of the fragments produced during the explosion of the projectile and thereby improve the desired effect of the projectile within the planned effective range of the fragments, different approaches for projectiles with fragmentation-segmental cladding are already known from the state of the art.

For example, patent document EP 0 328 877 A shows a projectile with a fragmentation casing composed of a number of individual rings that are pressed onto a cylindrical mandrel of the basic body of the projectile. The explosive charge is located inside the cylindrical mandrel. The rings are divided into a certain number of segments, which form predetermined points at which the coating breaks and breaks into fragments of the desired size, whereby the segments are joined together by sintering inside the rings.

However, the disadvantage of this design is that the production of segmented rings by the sintering process is complex and the segmented rings are only attached to the body of the projectile, which is why the pressure generated by the explosion of the charge, and therefore the effective range radius of the fragments in the event of the explosion of this projectile, essentially depends only on the selected wall thickness of the cylindrical mandrel.

For example, the English patent document GB 2 052 694 A discloses a projectile with a housing composed of coaxial rings, the rings having complementary interlocking formations that prevent radial displacement of the rings. The wall of the projectile casing can therefore consist of only rings without the need for a projectile body to form an inner shell or an outer shell for the rings. The rings can be glued together using heat-resistant resin.

The disadvantage of this design or execution is that both the precise manufacture of the interlocking rings and the assembly of the rings, which must be glued together to form the composite housing, are complex. Moreover, with this projectile there is a risk that the assembled or glued case will be destroyed during firing due to the high stresses to which it is exposed during use, which represents an increased safety risk for the surrounding operational personnel, as well as the risk of collateral damage when handling or using such a projectile. Further, for example, from the patent FR 1257 604 A, a projectile with a fragmentation coating has become known, which can be assembled from as simple prefabricated parts as possible. To assemble the projectile, a guide is attached to the warhead, for example by welding, with the guide holding a bunch of identical rings or segments. The appropriate number of rings can be threaded either on the outside of the guide or stacked on top of each other on the inside of the guide. Finally, the base plate, which serves as the tail of the projectile, is attached to the guide.

This design also has the disadvantage that the rings are mounted only in stacks inside or outside the guide, due to which the achieved pressure of the projectile charge explosion, and therefore the effective radius of the fragment range when the projectile explodes, essentially depends on the chosen wall thickness of the guide. In addition, the rings are made of cast iron or steel, but they do not separate into fragments by themselves, which is why the explosion of this projectile unfavorably creates fragments of different sizes.

INVENTORY TASK

Based on the stated facts, the task of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings known from the prior art for a generic projectile and to provide an improved projectile with a fragmentation part that is formed by at least two or more fragmentation bodies, which is as efficient as possible and with as little costs as possible in its production, whereby the production of such a projectile should be largely standardized and/or automated.

Furthermore, the invention aims to provide an improved projectile which, when handled and used in conjunction with suitable launching devices, for example grenade launchers, achieves or offers increased safety for operational personnel and meets appropriate quality standards.

In addition, the improved projectile should have increased strength compared to prior art projectiles in order to be able to produce large caliber projectiles. Furthermore, the projectile according to the invention should have an increased density of fragments-segments, as well as an increased total mass of fragments, and thus have increased efficiency compared to conventional projectiles of the same type.

The fragmentation density of the cladding is defined as the number of effective fragments per unit area of the cladding depending on the distance from the projectile impact point. The performance characteristic of fragmentation munitions is usually given as the corresponding distance at which the fall density of fragments is 1, i.e. one effective fragment per square meter of the surface of a standardized target for measuring the effectiveness of the projectile. By definition, a projectile fragment is classified as "effective" if it penetrates a standardized target - usually steel plates are used - or creates a crack in the target's material.

The total fragmentation mass is defined as the mass fraction of fragmentation elements or fragmentation bodies in relation to the total mass of the projectile. The greater the proportion of the total mass of projectile fragments, while maintaining as even a distribution of the size of the resulting fragments as possible, the more effective the projectile.

Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the production of such an improved projectile.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These tasks are achieved in accordance with the invention with a generic projectile with a basic projectile body that has a cavity for receiving explosive matter and at least in parts a primarily derived cylindrical surface of the jacket-coating oriented along the longitudinal axis of the basic body of the projectile, and where at least one fragmentation group is provided that includes at least two mutually adjacent, annular fragmentation bodies, whereby the fragmentation bodies are strung along the surface of the coating and form a segmental or fragmentation part of the projectile, so that at least two adjacent fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group are connected to each other by means of at least one welded joint.

Further advantageous embodiments and variants of the invention are set forth in the description and dependent claims. The construction of the projectile according to the invention is based on the basic body of the projectile, which has a cavity for receiving the explosive material as well as, at least in parts, a primarily cylindrical surface of the casing or lining oriented along the longitudinal direction of the basic body of the projectile, i.e. corresponding, primarily cylindrical, segments of the casing. The lining surface is preferably designed to be essentially rotationally symmetrical and positioned coaxially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile's main body. The projectile according to the invention contains at least one fragmentation group with at least two or more annular fragmentation bodies that are strung side by side along the cylindrical surface. At least two ring-shaped fragments of the fragmentation group, which are arranged next to each other, form the fragmenting or segmental part of the projectile.

The term "welded joint" below, according to the definition, is understood as any welded joint, which is suitable for joining at least two adjacently arranged, annular bodies of the fragmentation group that are inseparably connected by welding, i.e. integrally connected to each other with a material joint, i.e. welding. The strength and stability of the projectile structure is advantageously increased at least by welding the fragmenting bodies to each other by means of at least one welding joint.

In the following, the term "welding" refers to the permanent joining of components using heat and/or pressure, with or without the use of welding consumables or welding electrodes. As a result of the welding process, especially in fusion welding, i.e. welding by melting the base material, there is a close, materially solid connection between the joined parts, i.e. welded joints.

The term "welded seam" used here is independent of the chosen method of producing the welded joint. For example, a pulsed welding process (spot welding) can be used to apply individual welding points to connect adjacent fragment bodies of a fragmentation group, whereby individual welding points together form one or more seams, i.e. achieve so-called spot welding. Likewise, one or more welds may be produced as a single weld that is at least partially continuous. Likewise, within the scope of the invention, one or more welded seams can be arranged in an appropriate manner, for example overlapping, primarily spirally, in order to connect at least the adjacent body fragments of the cladding of one fragmentation group as tightly as possible with a flat welding envelope or to cover the body fragments from the outside with such a flat welding envelope. Furthermore, additional welding elements can be provided in order to fix or connect, for example, at least two or more adjacent, annular bodies of the fragmentation group which, in their installed position, are arranged next to each other along the side surface.

The embodiment according to the invention, according to which at least adjacent body fragments of a fragmentation group are connected to each other by means of at least one welded joint, offers numerous advantages:

- The production of at least one welding joint to connect mutually adjacent body fragments of the fragmentation group of one such projectile, can be largely standardized and/or automated and therefore with very low production costs. The projectile according to the invention can therefore be produced economically while respecting predefined quality standards.

- By means of at least one welding joint as a welded connection of at least two adjacent fragmentation bodies of the fragmentation group of projectiles, the strength and therefore the safety during handling of the projectile according to the invention is increased. It is particularly advantageous that the projectiles according to the invention can be made with a large caliber, because sufficient strength and stability of the projectile can be ensured by the welded connection of at least adjacent fragmentation bodies of the fragmentation group with at least one or more welded joints.

- Collateral damage, especially unwanted injuries to personnel who are in charge of servicing or handling such projectiles, can be avoided thanks to the construction of the projectile according to the invention, which is reinforced with one or more welded seams.

- In a projectile made according to the invention, a higher explosive pressure can be created compared to conventional fragmentation projectiles by means of the appropriate arrangement of one or more welded points or welds for connecting the fragmentation bodies, because the strength and rigidity of the walls of the projectile as a whole are increased by solid welding of the fragmentation bodies. The increased strength and stiffness of the wall-covering of the projectile is especially necessary in order to be able to produce projectiles of a large construction, ie of a large caliber, in accordance with the invention.

- Depending on the design of the projectile according to the invention, one or more fragmentation groups may be provided, each of which contains at least two or more adjacent, ring-shaped fragmentation bodies, where the neighboring fragmentation bodies of the fragmentation group are connected to each other by at least one welded joint. In this way, according to the invention, projectiles can be provided, depending on the selected design or the intended use of the projectile, which have an increased fragmentation density and an increased total mass of fragmentation and thus increased combat effectiveness compared to conventional projectiles of the same type.

Primarily, the body of the cladding is composed of fragments made of metal, for which reason conventional welding techniques applied to metal welding, known to those skilled in the art, can be used to connect adjacent fragments of the fragmentation group to each other by means of at least one welded joint. The specific choice of materials, which metals or metal alloys are used for the production of individual bodies, i.e. lining fragments, depends on numerous individual factors. Depending on the purpose and size of the projectile, as well as all the quality requirements that must be met and ballistic aspects, such as the total mass and the adjustment of the position of the center of mass of the projectile, it can be advantageously solved if the individual fragmentation bodies and/or other components of the projectile are made of different metals or metal alloys.

For example, the metal materials used may differ in alloy composition and/or density. For example, according to the invention, individual fragmentation bodies and/or projectile components can be made of relatively light metal materials, so-called light metals.

Light metals are generally referred to as metals and alloys whose density is below 5.0 g/cm<3>. For example, fragmentation casing bodies and/or projectile components made of aluminum or aluminum alloys fall into this category of materials.

Likewise, individual fragmentation bodies and/or projectile components may be made of heavy metals such as steel or steel alloys. The density of steel is about 7.85 g/cm³.

Fragment bodies and/or projectile components, which are made of tungsten or tungsten alloys, for example, have the advantage of being particularly heavy, i.e. having a high density. Tungsten is a heavy metal with a high density of about 19 g/cm³. Tungsten alloys have a density approximately twice that of steel and are used for ammunition that effectively penetrates body armor. By choosing the appropriate materials for fragmentation bodies and/or projectile components, the position of the projectile's center of mass can be easily adjusted, which is important for the projectile's flight.

Similarly, in one advantageous embodiment of the invention, all fragmentation bodies and/or projectile components may be made of the same metal material, for example steel or alloy steel.

In one advantageous form of the invention, in a projectile made in accordance with the invention, each fragmentation body of one fragmentation group can have an outer surface opposite the side surface, whereby the outer surfaces of all fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group define the surface of the projectile in this segmental version of the projectile casing.

The term "surface" of a projectile below refers to the outer surface of the respective projectile around which the air flows during flight. The individual, annular fragmentation bodies, which may be shaped, for example, in the form of discs, preferably in the form of circular discs, project their outer surfaces and/or outer edges only to the outer surface of the projectile. The outer surfaces and/or outer edges of each fragmentation body therefore form the surface portion of the surface of the projectile in the corresponding fragmentation section.

Each body of a fragmentation group can therefore have an outer surface opposite a side surface, which is bounded by outer edges. Opposite outer edges of adjacent fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group are connected to each other by means of at least one welding seam.

Alternatively, in the case of fragmentation bodies formed in a cut shape, each body of the fragmentation group may have an outer surface formed by a single outer edge opposite the side surface. The surface of the projectile in this fragmentation part is formed by cut shapes, sharp outer edges of the fragmentation bodies. At least one weld for joining adjacent segmental bodies can, for example, be placed in the notches between the outer edges of two adjacent segmental bodies in a cut form.

Further, the fragmentation bodies can be used in the projectile according to the invention, wherein at least one of the outer surfaces of the fragmentation bodies of the fragmentation group is shaped in cross-section in the form of a circular arc, preferably semicircular. In this case, the transition of the semicircle into the basic body, which is composed of segments-fragments, is considered the outer edge.

In the following description of the drawings, these possible variants of segmented body designs are discussed in more detail.

The design of the projectile structure, especially the design and execution of the entire surface of the projectile, i.e. its outer contour, depend on numerous ballistic parameters, such as the air resistance of the projectile and its position of the center of mass in relation to the position of the aerodynamic center of the projectile during the projectile's trajectory. In order to avoid unwanted rotational movements during the flight of the projectile and to stabilize the projectile on its path, in addition to the selection of the appropriate tail part and the appropriate distribution of weight to accurately define the position of the center of mass of the projectile in relation to the position of the aerodynamic center, where the geometric design and structuring of the surface of the projectile can also be decisive in order to provide the projectile with the least possible air resistance and the most stable trajectory during the flight in accordance with the invention. The outer surfaces of all fragmentation bodies in the fragmentation group define the projectile surface in this fragmentation section.

For example, annular fragmentation bodies with outer diameters that become larger or smaller as viewed in the longitudinal direction of the projectile base body may be arranged side by side on the preferably cylindrical outer surface of the projectile base body to form thickenings and/or tapers or concave and/or convex surface segments on the outer surface or surface of the projectile constructed according to the invention. By properly choosing the outer diameters of the corresponding fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group, the geometry of the outer surface of the projectile can be optimized, as well as the air resistance of the projectile during its flight phase.

The outer surfaces of the individual fragmentation bodies can - depending on the thickness or width of the individual fragmentation bodies measured in the longitudinal direction of the fragmentation body or in the longitudinal direction of the basic body of the projectile - for example, formed surface parts of the surface of the projectile that extend in a plane with a smooth outer contour without any unevenness between adjacent fragmentation bodies.

Alternatively, individual fragmentation bodies or all fragmentation bodies of that part of the projectile that is derived from fragments-segments may have external surfaces with external edges, which each up to the external edges form a surface part of the surface of the projectile in question. For example, stepped or notched outer edges can be formed on the surface of the projectile by staggered and/or tapered adjacent fragmentation bodies of different outer diameters on the cylindrical surface. Likewise, the outer edge parts or the outer edges of the fragmentation bodies can be shaped with slanted surfaces, so-called chamfers.

In the installed position of such fragmentation bodies, that is, in the position lined up next to each other along the side surface of the projectile body, surface parts with beveled edges or cut segments can result in such a case, which at least in parts results in a rough, angular surface of the projectile.

In short, it is expedient that the outer surfaces and/or outer edges of the individual annular fragmentation bodies be designed and shaped in such a way that these surface parts, from a ballistic point of view, correspond to the desired direction of the surface of the corresponding projectile.

Within the scope of the invention, it is also possible for the surface of the projectile to be optionally covered at least in segments with a coating and/or a single-layer or multi-layer coating material. However, such a coating or at least partial covering with a coating material does not change the functionality of the projectile according to the invention.

In an advantageous development of the invention, in such a projectile, at least one weld may be applied to the surface of the projectile in a segment with a fragment body, thereby facilitating the production of at least one weld.

It is convenient that in the projectile according to the invention at least one welded seam can extend in an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis of the basic body of the projectile and preferably can be annular. In this embodiment, at least partially, preferably gap-free, welding of the annular gap between two adjacent fragmentation bodies is provided. At least one welded edge is preferably also designed to annularly close in accordance with the course of the annular gap and close the annular gap along its entire circumferential length. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly stable and strong welded connection between two welded fragmentation bodies.

In the case of multiple adjacent fragmentation bodies strung along the lateral surface of the projectile body, for each annular gap between two adjacent fragmentation bodies a separate weld seam must be placed so that the corresponding annular gap is welded by means of a welded joint at least in segments, preferably without gaps along its entire circumferential length. Two or more welds run parallel to each other in an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis of the projectile body. Depending on the chosen thickness of the material or the width of the individual fragment bodies, two or more welds, each parallel to the other, may at least partially overlap or, in an alternative design variant, may be spaced apart.

In a further, particularly flexible form of the invention, more than two fragmentation bodies can be provided in a fragmentation group in the projectile, and adjacent fragmentation bodies can be connected to each other by means of a welded connection. In this form of execution, it is advantageous that the positioning of at least one welded seam in relation to the longitudinal axis of the basic body of the projectile is not important, but that more than two fragmentation bodies, each body is connected to each other by means of one or more welded seams with corresponding adjacent fragmentation bodies. Welds can also be arranged or welded independently of each other.

In a particularly robust embodiment, in a projectile made in accordance with the invention, at least one welded joint can be part of a surface welded joint that connects the outer surfaces of each fragmentation body of the fragmentation group. In this design, the outer surfaces of each fragmentation body of a fragmentation group are covered with a flat weld, the so-called weld jacket. Depending on the design, this sheath produced by welding can be made of at least one welded seam, which is arranged, for example, in the form of a spiral, preferably overlapping, or of several welded seams arranged in strips.

In order to further increase the strength of the projectile, in the projectile made according to the invention, the surface weld can be constructed from several separate weld seams that are overlapped and applied to the surface of the projectile in the fragmentation section of the cladding. Even in the case of multiple strip welds, a particularly dense, even weld layer is obtained on the outer surfaces of the fragmentation body of one fragmentation group if the strip welds overlap at least partially. It is convenient that the individual welds can be welded separately and independently of each other.

In an alternative form of execution, in the case of a projectile made according to the invention, the flat welded joint can consist of one welding spot that is applied overlapping, preferably spirally. This design offers an advantage when making a welded joint because a single weld can be applied continuously without the need to interrupt the welding process. Continuous production of the welded joint can therefore be carried out particularly quickly and without high costs.

In order to simplify the production of projectiles in accordance with the invention, it can be expedient that non-adjacent fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group, primarily all fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group, are connected to each other by means of at least one additional welding joint. In this embodiment, several, preferably all, fragmentation bodies of a fragmentation group can be connected to each other by means of one or more additional welds. At least one additional welded seam serves to fix the relative position of fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group to each other or in relation to the basic body of the projectile. For example, at least one additional seam made by welding can serve only to temporarily fix the fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group to each other and/or to the basic body of the projectile so that subsequently adjacent fragmentation bodies can be welded as efficiently as possible using at least one or more welding seams.

In one expedient development of the invention, in the derived projectile, at least one additional welded seam can be applied in the longitudinal direction of the fragmentation bodies on the surface of the projectile in this fragmentation segment. In this case, at least one additional weld seam extends in the longitudinal direction of the fragmentation segment, wherein the longitudinal direction of the fragmentation segment also corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the basic body of the projectile.

In order to further facilitate the production of such a projectile, according to the invention, at least two additional seams made by welding can be provided, which are applied opposite each other on the surface of the projectile in the section with segments and are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. It is desirable that at least two additional welds are arranged in pairs opposite each other in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the projectile in order to avoid unwanted deformation of the projectile or fragmentation bodies welded together which could happen in the case of longitudinal welding on only one side of the projectile. Additional welds, which are arranged in pairs, are applied to the surface of the projectile in the direction of the circumference of the projectile, essentially rotated by 180° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the projectile. If necessary, at least two additional welded seams arranged in pairs opposite each other can be placed. It is expedient that these two additional welds are evenly spaced between the first paired welds, also in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the projectile, so that the individual additional welds are each distributed in the circumferential direction of the projectile substantially in a position rotated by substantially 90° about the longitudinal axis of the projectile body.

In a particularly advantageous way, the fragmentation bodies in the projectile according to the invention can be disc-shaped. In this design, the opposite side surfaces of the disc-shaped fragmentation body lie in two parallel planes.

The projectile according to the invention can be constructed as a guided missile, but usually it is not a guided missile and in that case it cannot be actively controlled during the flight phase after it has been fired or launched. The use of flat, disc-shaped fragmentation bodies has surprisingly proven to be particularly effective for projectiles that hit the target surface in an essentially vertical direction of fall. This is especially the case when such missiles are launched from helicopters or drones, which release one or more missiles according to the invention substantially vertically above the respective target area.

In an alternative embodiment, at least two fragmentation groups can be provided in the projectile according to the invention, and the fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group can have, at least in segments, a different angle of inclination in relation to the orthogonal plane than the fragmentation bodies of the other fragmentation group.

As surprisingly shown, the projectiles according to the invention having at least two fragmentation groups with fragmentation bodies, wherein the fragmentation bodies of the at least two fragmentation groups are arranged at different angles of inclination with respect to the orthogonal plane, are particularly effective in the case of a steeply inclined trajectory of the projectile. This is the case, for example, when such a projectile is fired from a grenade launcher or rocket launcher, such as a howitzer. As previously mentioned, the projectile according to the invention is usually not a guided weapon. However, if necessary, the missile according to the invention can be equipped with suitable tail units, which can be adjusted, for example, by means of a remote control, and in this case can also serve as a guided missile. Due to the different angles of inclination of the fragmentation bodies distributed in two or more fragmentation groups, the actual impact angle of the projectile is compensated depending on the corresponding angle of its trajectory and fragmentation density, and thus the efficiency of such projectiles when hitting the target area is significantly increased.

In order to guide the projectile inside the launch tube when firing the projectile according to the invention from the launch tube, i.e. to perform a good sealing with the launch tube, at least one of the annular fragmentation bodies can have the largest outer diameter that is smaller than the largest outer diameter of the adjacent fragmentation bodies in order to accommodate the corresponding sealing ring. By appropriately arranging one or more annular fragmentation bodies with a relatively smaller outer diameter between annular fragmentation bodies with a relatively larger outer diameter that are located next to them on both sides, an annular circular notch can be created on the surface of the projectile in a simple and cost-effective way, which is intended for the reception or placement of the sealing ring. A so-called O-ring (o-ring) can serve as a sealing ring, for example. O-rings are annular sealing elements that usually have a generally round or O-shaped ring cross-section. Such a sealing ring can be made, for example, of artificial plastic material, in particular of rubber, polyethylene (PE) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The sealing ring is conveniently located in the region of the largest outer diameter of the projectile and is dimensioned so that this sealing ring seals the projectile as tightly as possible to the launch tube during the firing process.

In a further favorable example of the projectile according to the invention, at least two fragmentation groups that are spaced apart can be provided, whereby an internal, first element is provided for positioning along the side surface, as well as an external, second positioning element is placed so as to include an internal element for positioning, whereby a circular groove is formed in the outer positioning element for receiving, i.e., the installation of a sealing ring. In this embodiment, the inner, first and outer, second positioning element, which includes the inner positioning element and is preferably pressed with the inner positioning element, have the advantage that the combined positioning element provides a particularly flexible projectile component: Depending on the design and size of the combined positioning element, this can be used, for example, to adjust the position of the center of mass of the projectile. For example, the inner, first positioning element can be made of a very light material, while the outer, second positioning element is made, for example, of a metal or a metal alloy, and therefore can be welded to the adjacent fragmentation bodies of the two fragmentation groups by means of at least one additional welding seam or boundary welding spot.

According to a further advantageous development of such a projectile according to the invention, the inner, first positioning element can be made of aluminum, and the outer, second positioning element can be made of an easily weldable material, primarily steel or a steel alloy, whereby the two positioning elements are pressed together. The internal, lightweight aluminum insert of the first positioning element is advantageous for adjusting the projectile's center of mass. In addition, in connection with the projectile according to the invention, aluminum exhibits very good fragmentation during the explosion or detonation of the projectile impacting the corresponding target area. The outer, second positioning element, which is pressed against the inner aluminum insert and includes the inner first positioning element, is advantageously made of a weldable material.

It is primarily advantageous for the outer, second positioning element to be made of steel or steel alloys.

Depending on the design, in the projectiles according to the invention, the outermost fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group can be connected to the main body of the projectile or to the positioning element and/or to the element for closing the cavity in the main body of the projectile by means of at least one limit weld. One or more boundary welds serve to weld the outermost fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group to the projectile body, to the adjacent positioning element and/or to another projectile component, for example to the element for closing the cavity for receiving explosive material. Thus, even the most distant fragmentation bodies of the fragmentation group are connected to the adjacent components of the projectile with at least one border weld, which additionally increases the strength and rigidity of the projectile structure.

The projectile according to the invention can be particularly effective in which at least one welded seam and/or at least one additional welded seam and/or at least one boundary welded seam, preferably all welded seams, is gas-tight or gas-tight.

Depending on the requirements for the quality of welded joints, ring or spiral welded joints, joints between adjacent, joined fragmentation bodies, and/or welded joints of the entire surface in the form of a weld envelope of the entire surface formed externally around the fragmentation bodies that are welded to each other, the greatest possible gas tightness must be ensured when welding at least two or more adjacent, respectively joined fragmentation bodies. In particular, it can be advantageous if, in the case of one or more spiral welds, the course of the welds is chosen so that they overlap spirally, thereby forming an all-over weld envelope covering the outer surface or surface of the projectile. Thus, with this favorable performance, a projectile according to the invention is provided which can achieve a particularly high explosive pressure during the detonation of the explosive material and which is particularly effective for combat use.

For testing the hermeticity of welded joints, depending on the application and the individual requirements of the projectile produced according to the invention, established standard methods for testing the quality of the sealing of welded joints, which are known to experts in this field, can be used. For example, a test projectile with a hole drilled in the main body of the projectile can be used to test the tightness of welds. Pressurized gas is introduced through a drilled hole in the main body of the projectile and the entire interior of the projectile is pressurized with a test gas, eg helium, and any pressure losses in the projectile and/or the amount of test gas exiting the projectile are recorded.

The above-mentioned tasks are also achieved according to the invention by the method for manufacturing projectiles according to the invention, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

- Provision of a projectile body with a primarily cylindrical lining surface;

- Provision of at least two annular bodies for fragmentation;

- String fragmentation bodies on the surface of the shell, whereby a group of adjacent fragmentation bodies forms one fragmentation group and each fragmentation body of one fragmentation group has an outer surface opposite to the surface of the shell, and the outer surfaces of all fragmentation bodies of one fragmentation group define the surface of the projectile in one or in this fragmentation part;

- Applying at least one welding seam that connects at least two adjacent fragmentation bodies.

Depending on the construction variant, it may be an advantage if, after placing the fragmentation bodies on the side surface and before applying at least one weld, the fragmentation bodies are firmly pressed together in their strung position on the side surface so that the strung fragmentation bodies are fixed in their installation position and, if possible, that no gaps are formed between adjacent fragmentation bodies. This can facilitate subsequent welding and increase the weld quality of at least one welded joint. In one embodiment according to the invention, in which the strung fragmentation bodies are fixed in their installed position on the casing surface by means of a cavity closure element on which a corresponding element can be screwed, wherein it is expedient to screw the closure element onto the base body of the projectile by means of a torque, which depends on the execution of the shape, in order to fix the strung fragmentation bodies in their installed position by pressure by means of a closure element that can be tightly screwed, whereby the connection should be made as much as possible without any gaps in between.

The numerous advantages and beneficial effects mentioned above in the text of the description for the projectile according to the invention equally apply to the production process or method according to the invention, by means of which different versions of the projectile according to the invention can be produced in a particularly flexible manner. In order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the previous disclosures of the projectile according to the invention.

It is particularly useful, in the method performed according to the invention, that separate welding seams can be applied to join adjacent segments-fragments of the body. In this variant of the procedure, adjacent body segments can be joined independently of each other by means of separate welds. The arrangement and type of execution of the separate welds can be individually adapted to the respective requirements.

In a further advantageous development, in the method according to the invention, separate seams for welding the segments can be applied in an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis on the surface of the fragmentation segments. For this purpose, the separate welds are formed in the form of rings, preferably as closed rings, each extending in a circumferential direction along the gap between adjacent body segments. Welded joints can be welded independently of each other. The method according to the invention can be carried out particularly expediently if the separate welds are applied overlapping one another. In this variant of the procedure, a particularly dense welded shell can be produced on the surface of at least one fragmenting part, whereby a particularly robust projectile with a high-strength construction can be obtained according to the procedure.

In an alternative implemented form of the procedure according to the invention, adjacent fragments of the body can be joined by means of one, preferably spirally applied, welding joint, which extends over the surface of one segment-fragment. This variant of the process offers the advantage that particularly fast and, if necessary, automated welding can be carried out using a single weld seam, which is continuously applied in the form of a spiral.

In another advantageous variant of the procedure, body fragments that are not adjacent can be joined by applying at least one more weld in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and on the surface of the body segments. With one or more additional welding seams, several or all body fragments of a fragmentation part can be quickly joined together. After that, at least one or more welded seams for connecting and sealing adjacent fragmentation bodies can be performed particularly precisely and efficiently, since the fragmentation bodies are already fixed in their position in relation to the basic body of the projectile by means of at least one additional welded joint in the longitudinal direction of the projectile.

In the method according to the invention, the welding can be particularly conveniently performed using a laser welding method, preferably using a pulsed laser welding method. In the process of pulsed laser welding, energy is emitted in limited time intervals. Each laser pulse is followed by a short pause during which the previously produced melt cools down. This fine welding is particularly suitable for thin-walled work elements, for joining components with very different geometries and for materials that are difficult to weld. In pulse welding, welding spots are created in pulses, where the welding pulse can be specifically adapted to the materials being joined and the welding depth in the materials being joined can be regulated.

The advantage is that the process of pulsed laser welding can be carried out without long interruptions, because the welding is always done at the same temperature and therefore the risk of deformation of the materials or components to be joined is low. This welding process is preferably used in the manufacturing process according to the invention to apply at least one weld seam to connect at least two adjacent body fragments.

In contrast to the process of pulsed laser welding, laser welding in continuous cw mode (English: continuous wave) implies a continuous supply of energy during the welding process. The disadvantage of the continuous laser welding process is that the temperature of the components to be joined can constantly rise during continuous operation, which creates the risk of deformation when welding the components. The welding process must therefore be interrupted several times so that the components to be joined can cool again, which is why this welding process cannot produce a consistently stable welding process. In order to reduce the air resistance of the projectile during its flight phase, it can be useful, according to a further variant of the method according to the invention, if at least part of the surface of the projectile is surface-treated before the application of at least one weld seam, primarily by machining, particularly preferably by turning. By surface treatment of at least one part of the projectile before welding, it can be facilitated to apply at least one weld in this surface treated part.

Alternatively or in addition to the surface treatment of at least one part of the surface of the projectile before applying at least one welded seam, in the process according to the invention, at least part of the surface of the projectile can be surface treated after applying at least one welded seam, primarily by means of a machining process, especially by a chip removal process - scraping or a coating process, whereby the applied surface treatment also contains at least one segment with a welded seam. Also in this case, the surface treatment can reduce the air resistance of the projectile during the flight phase and thereby improve the ballistic properties of the projectile.

The positional information used below for projectile parts or components, such as, for example, the terms "up", "down", "above", "under", "forward", "back", "side", "inside", "outside", "axial direction", "radial direction" and the like, are essentially for better understanding of the invention, especially in connection with the following attached drawings. The positional information used may possibly refer to specific positions of individual projectile components or to individual layouts shown in images. In any event, such position information is known to those skilled in the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAFT PICTURES

The invention will now be explained in more detail using some derived examples. The schematic drawings are examples only and are intended to illustrate the idea of the invention. They show:

Figure 1 shows a side section of a first embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a side view of a single disc-shaped fragment-segment of the body with notches on both sides;

Figure 3 isometric oblique view from above of the fragment of the body shown in Figure 2;

Fig. 4 side section of the fragment-segment of the body shown in Figs. 2 and 3 along the section plane A-A shown in Fig. 2;

Figure 5 shows an isometric side view of five body fragments arranged side by side according to Figure 2;

Fig. 6 shows the fragments-segments of the body shown in Fig. 5 after application of separate, annular welds between adjacent fragments of the body;

Figure 7 shows the body segments shown in Figure 5 after applying a continuous, spiral weld to join the body segments;

Fig. 8 shows the fragment-segments of the body shown in Fig. 5 after the application of a continuous, flat weld coating which joins and covers the fragment-segments of the body;

Figure 9 is an oblique side isometric view of five conical body fragments arranged side by side;

Fig. 10 shows the fragments-segments of the body shown in Fig. 9 after application of separate, annular welds between adjacent fragments of the body;

Figure 11 shows the body fragments shown in Figure 9 after applying a continuous, spiral weld to join the body fragments together;

Figure 12 shows the fragments-segments of the body shown in Figure 9 after the application of a continuous, flat, i.e. surface welded coating that joins and covers the fragments-segments of the body;

Figure 13 shows a side section of another example of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 14 shows a side section of a third example of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 15 shows a side section of a fourth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 16 shows a side section of a fifth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 17 shows a side section of a sixth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;

Fig. 18 shows a half-sectional side view of a seventh embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 19 is a detailed view of the marked area B shown in Figure 16;

Figure 20 is a detailed view of the marked area C shown in Figure 17;

Figure 21 is a detailed view of the marked area D shown in Figure 18;

Fig. 22 shows a side section of an eighth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 23 is a detailed view of the marked area E shown in Figure 22;

Figure 24 is a cross-section from the side of two adjacent fragments-segments of the body with discs with a rectangular profile;

Fig. 25 is a cross-section from the side of two adjacent fragments-segments of the body made with a generally rectangular disc profile with rounded outer edges;

Fig. 26 side section of two adjacent body fragments-segments with a triangular profile, discs each with a pointed outer edge in the form of a blade;

Figure 27 shows a side section of an eighth example of a projectile according to the invention in the form of a mortar shell;

Figure 28 shows a side section of a ninth example of a projectile according to the invention in the form of an artillery shell.

ESSENCE OF FUNCTIONALITY OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 shows a side section of the first example of the projectile 1 according to the invention. Projectile 1 is rotationally symmetric and has axis 2 of rotation. The shown projectile 1 has the largest outer diameter 3, which is also called caliber 3, where the largest outer diameter 3 is arranged in an orthogonal plane ε with respect to the axis 2 of rotation. The projectile 1 has a tip 4 of the projectile with a device 5 for ignition at one of its free ends, viewed in the direction of the axis 2 of rotation. At its free end, viewed in the direction of the axis of rotation 2 and opposite the tip 4 of the projectile, the projectile 1 has a tail segment 6, which is common, for example, in the construction of the projectile 1 as a mortar shell, whereby the segment 6 serves to attach the tail part. Call number 7 indicates surface 7 of projectile 1, i.e. the outer surface or the outer contour of the projectile 1. The surface 7 may have one or more surface-treated segments 8, at least in parts. For example, the surface machined segment 8 is sketched here in Figure 1, where this segment 8 of the surface 7 is made by turning, thus made by a rotationally symmetrical machining process.

The tail segment 6 is here equipped, for example, with an external thread 9, wherein the external thread 9 serves as a thread for connecting the tail unit to the projectile, shown for example in Figure 27, which can be screwed onto the external thread 9 of the tail segment 6. Depending on the purpose of the projectile 1, different tail units can be attached-screwed to the tail segment 6. The corresponding tail unit serves to stabilize the flight path of the projectile 1 and to prevent unwanted turning or rotating projectile 1 in a horizontal position. By properly adjusting the center of gravity of the projectile 1 in conjunction with the tail section, it is ensured that the fired projectile 1 falls into the intended target area exactly with the nose-tip 4 of the projectile forward and that the ignition device 5 is activated upon impact of the projectile.

The projectile 1 has a basic body 10 of the projectile 1, which here is also rotationally symmetrical and which has a longitudinal axis 11 which coincides with the axis 2 of rotation of the projectile 1 or is identical to it. The longitudinal axis 11 of the main body 10 of the projectile 1 defines its longitudinal direction 11. The main body 10 of the projectile 1 has a cylindrical part of the jacket 12 with a cylindrical surface 13 of the liner 12 which is oriented along the longitudinal axis 11 of the main body 10 of the projectile 1. The cylindrical part of the liner 12 has an outer diameter 14, a wall thickness 15 and an inner diameter 16. Inside between the cylindrical part of the lining 12 and the cylindrical surface 13 of the lining, there is a recess-cavity 17 for receiving explosive material. The ignition device 5 on top of the projectile 4 interacts with the explosive located in the recess 17 and ensures that upon impact of the fired or dropped projectile 1, the explosive located in the recess 17 is ignited and explodes, whereby the projectile 1 detonates. The closing element 18, which is constructed here as a screw element and is screwed onto the cylindrical part of the lining 12 of the main body 10 of the projectile 1, is used to fill the explosive located in the recess 17 in Figure 1.

Several annular fragments - segments 20 of the body are strung along the cylindrical surface 13. For better overview, the annular fragments 20 of the body are here alternately called the first fragments 21 of the body and, next to them or directly next to them, there are other fragments 22 of the body. Here and below, reference numeral 20 refers equally generally to one or more fragmentation bodies shown, as well as specifically to a particular first body fragment 21 or a particular second body fragment 22 . The annular fragments 20 of the body are constructed here as the first fragment 21 and the second fragment 22 of a disc-shaped fragmentation body. Adjacent disc fragments 21, 22 of the body touch each other on their side surfaces, which are arranged in the direction of orthogonal planes ε, i.e. orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 11 of the base body 10 of the projectile 1. The plane of separation τ between adjacent fragmentation bodies 21, 22 are also oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of the base body 10 of the projectile 1 and coincide with the orthogonal planes ε of the side surfaces of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22.

The plurality of annular fragments 20, 21, 22 of the body are shaped so that their inner surfaces or inner diameters can be placed as precisely as possible on the cylindrical outer surface 13 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1. The outer diameters of the plurality of annular fragments 20, 21, 22 of the body can vary - as can be seen in Figure 1 - since the outer surfaces of each fragmentation body 21, 22 define part of the surface 7 of the projectile 1, whereby the surface 7, i.e. the flow of the outer contour of the surface 7 of the missile, is designed according to the aerodynamic requirements of the missile 1.

Adjacent fragments 20, 21, 22 of the body are here interconnected by at least one welded seam 30. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the annular welded seam 31 extends in an orthogonal plane ε to the longitudinal axis 11 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1 between the adjacent fragmenting bodies 20, 21, 22. The separate annular welded seams 31 are arranged so as to extend in orthogonal plane ε or plane τ of separation between adjacent bodies of fragments 21, 22 and weld the annular gap between two adjacent fragments 21, 22 in the form of a disk along its entire circumference. It is convenient that the annular welding seams 31 are each applied separately and therefore independently of each other on the surface 7 of the projectile 1 in the area of the corresponding annular gap between two adjacent fragmentation bodies 21, 22. Between the corresponding outermost fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 and the adjacent base body 10 of the projectile 1 on one side or the adjacent closure element 18 on the opposite, other side, are arranged boundary welds 35, which here are also constructed as annular welds and connect the respective outermost fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 to the adjacent components 10, 18 of the projectile 1. The annular gaps between the outermost fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 and the adjacent components 10, 18 of the projectile 1 are here sealed with an annular circumferential boundary weld 35.

A number of adjacent fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22, which are lined up along the side surface 13 and here are disc-shaped, form the first fragmentation group 41 and the first part 51 with the fragmentation bodies of the projectile 1. The outer surfaces of all the fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 of the first fragmentation group 41 define the surface 7 in this first part 51 with the fragmentation bodies. The version of the projectile 1 according to the invention shown in Figure 1 has only one fragmentation group 41, which consists of several ring-shaped, i.e. here disc-shaped fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22, whereby this one fragmentation group 41 forms one part 51 with the fragmentation bodies of the projectile 1.

Below are also described examples of projectiles 1 according to the invention, which have several fragmentation groups with different fragmentation bodies or several parts with fragmentation bodies.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the largest outer diameter 3 - caliber 3 - of the projectile 1 is formed in the area of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1. The circumferential notch 60, which is formed on this part of the body 10 of the projectile 1 with the largest outer diameter 3, serves here to receive a sealing ring 63, the profile of which is indicated by broken lines.

Figures 2 to 4 show a disc-shaped fragmentation body 20, 21 with notches 69 on both sides. The following description of the figures applies equally to figures 2 to 4.

Fig. 2 shows a side view of the individual fragmentation body 20, 21 in the form of a disc with notches 69 on both sides.

Figure 3 shows an isometric oblique top view of the body for the fragmentation body 20, 21 shown in Figure 2.

Figure 4 shows a side section of the fragmentation body 20, 21 shown in Figures 2 and 3 according to the section plane A-A shown in Figure 2.

Generally, the fragmentation body 20 has an outer surface 201, which is usually bounded by a first outer edge 202 and a second outer edge 203 of the fragmentation body 20. The first outer edge 202 and the second outer edge 203 may be spaced apart from each other to form a middle outer surface 201 having a thickness 204 and a width 204, respectively.

According to the embodiment of the fragmentation body 21 with a disc-shaped profile shown in Figures 2 to 4, where the outer surface 211 is limited by the first outer edge 212 and the second outer edge 213 of the fragmentation body 21 opposite the first outer edge 212, and the two outer edges 212, 213 are generally rectangular, the thickness 214 or the width 214 of the outer surface 211 essentially corresponds to thickness 214 or width 214 of the fragmentation body 21 shown.

The width of the outer surface of the fragmentation body 20 or the distance between opposite outer edges may also be different from the thickness or width of the fragmentation body 20, as shown in Figure 25.

Alternatively, individual or all fragmentation bodies 20 may be constructed to taper outwards in a pointed or tapered manner, in which case the outer surface of the respective fragmentation body 20 is formed by a single outer edge. This variant is illustrated in the following figure 26.

Returning to Figures 2 to 4, the fragmentation body 20 generally has an outer diameter 205 and an inner surface 206 opposite the outer surface 201 with an inner diameter 207. The inner diameter 207 must be adapted to the corresponding outer diameter 14 of the cylindrical part of the liner 12 of the base body 10 of the projectile 1 so that the corresponding fragmentation body 20 can be attached or screwed onto the base body 10 projectile 1 along the surface 13 of the cylindrical part of the lining 12. The type of selected fit between the corresponding inner surface 206 of the fragmentation body 20 and the corresponding surface 13 of the cylindrical part of the lining 12 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1 depends on the requirements for the quality of the corresponding projectile 1 and can be designed, for example, as a butt with a gap, a transitional fit or a pressed fit with a gap. The fragmentation body 20 has a first side surface 208 and a side surface 209 opposite the first side surface 208 .

The disc-shaped fragmentation body 21 shown here in Figures 2 to 4 has an outer diameter 215 and an inner surface 216 opposite an outer surface 211 with an inner diameter 217. Two opposite side surfaces 218, 219 of the disc fragmentation body 21 extend parallel to each other. In the set position of the disc fragmentation body 21, in which the subject fragmentation body 21 is pulled along the cylindrical surface 13 of the cylindrical part of the lining 12 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1 of the projectile according to the invention, the two side surfaces 218, 219 are placed orthogonally to the longitudinal direction 11 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1.

In the following Figures 5 to 8, five fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 arranged side by side are shown in isometric views, comparable to the fragmentation body 20, 21 illustrated in Figure 2, as they are arranged side by side within the fragmentation group 41, for example, in Figure 1. For simplicity, other parts and components of the projectile 1 according to the invention are not shown in Figures 5 to 8.

In Figure 5, five identical disc-shaped fragmentation bodies 20 are concentrically marked with reference numerals 21 and 22 relative to the axis 2 of rotation of the projectile 1 (not shown) or to the longitudinal axis 11 of the base body 10 of the projectile 1 (also not shown). The first disc-shaped fragmentation body 21 has a first outer surface 211. The adjacent second disc-shaped fragmentation body 22 has a second outer surface 221.

Figure 6 shows the fragmentation of the body 20 shown in Figure 5, i.e. five disk-shaped fragmenting bodies 21, 22 after applying a welding seam 30 between adjacent fragmenting bodies 21, 22. The welding seams 30 are constructed here as separate, annular welding seams 30, 31 which are arranged in the direction of orthogonal planes ε or planes τ of separation between adjacent disk-shaped fragmenting bodies 21, 22, so each plane is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 11 of the base body 10 of the projectile 1 on which the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 are strung in the installed position on the projectile 1. As sketched in Fig. 1, the planes of separation τ between adjacent fragmentation bodies 21, 22 in the form of a disk are also oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of the base body 10 of the projectile 1 and coincide with the orthogonal planes ε of the side surfaces of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22. Each ring welded the seam 31 extends in the circumferential direction of the annular gap between the adjacent fragmenting bodies 21, 22 and firmly joins or welds them.

Figure 7 shows the fragmentation bodies 20, 20 shown in Figure 5, ie. fragmentation bodies 21, 22 in the form of a disk after applying a continuous, spiral weld 32 to join the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 together. For clarity, the spiral weld 32 is drawn here in such a way that a free space remains between adjacent parts of the spiral weld 32 which extend essentially parallel to each other. Unlike the separate annular welds 31 shown in Figure 6, which can be performed independently of each other, the spiral weld 32 shown in Figure 7 is performed as continuously as possible or in a continuous manner. In order to achieve a tighter welding of multiple fragmenting bodies 21, 22 arranged next to each other, the angle of attack or pitch of the spiral weld 32 can be reduced so that adjacent parts of the spiral weld 32 overlap. Alternatively, in the longitudinal direction 11 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1, in addition to the already performed spiral weld 32, in any case one or several additional spiral welds 32 can be placed, in order to cover the corresponding part of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 externally with a continuous, surface weld 33.

Here another weld 34 is applied on the edge in the longitudinal direction 11 of the shown part formed by the fragmenting bodies 21, 22, whereby the additional weld 34 on the edge also connects the fragmenting bodies 21, 22 which are not directly placed next to each other. In order to avoid unwanted distortion during welding, the second additional weld 34 which is placed opposite the rear side of the fragmenting bodies 21, 22, which is invisible in Figure 7, and extends in the longitudinal direction 11 transversely across the fragmenting bodies 21, 22. The two additional welded joints 34 thus form a pair of welded seams on the opposite surface parts of the fragmenting bodies of chips 21, 22 which are connected to them.

Fig. 8 illustrates the fragmenting bodies 21, 22 shown in Fig. 5 after the application of a continuous, flat welded jacket 33, which connects the five fragmenting bodies 21, 22, which are made in the form of a disk, with each other and together they are covered by a welded jacket. The flat welding jacket 33 is here produced from several separate, annular welding seams 31 which are applied overlapping one another. Alternatively, such a flat weld jacket 33 may also be produced - as previously explained in connection with FIG. 7 - by the appropriate selection of one, spiral welded seam 32 which is applied by overlapping. Another weld layer 34 is here applied in the longitudinal direction 11 of the shown part formed by the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 in order to fix these disc-shaped bodies 21, 22 in their relative position with respect to each other before applying the surface weld coat 33 in strip form.

In the following figures 9 to 12, comparable to the previously discussed figures 5 to 8, five fragmentation bodies 20 are shown arranged next to each other in isometric views. The fragmentation bodies 23, 24 shown here in Figures 9 to 12 differ from the disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 previously shown in Figures 5 to 8 in that the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 shown here are conical in shape, with the side surfaces of the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 extending at some angle of inclination with respect to the orthogonal plane ε with respect to the longitudinal axis 11 of the base projectile bodies. For simplicity of illustration and presentation, other parts and components of the projectile 1 according to the invention are not shown in Figures 9 to 12. For the rest, reference is made to the previous description given in Figures 5 to 8.

In Figure 9, five identical, conically shaped or obliquely inclined fragmenting bodies 20, which are concentrically marked with call signs 23 and 24, in relation to the axis 2 of rotation of the projectile 1 (not shown) or to the longitudinal axis 11 of the basic body of the projectile 10 (also not shown).

Fig. 10 shows the fragmentation bodies 20 shown in Fig. 9, i.e. the five obliquely inclined fragmentation bodies 23, 24 after the application of a welding weld 30 between adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24. Compared to Fig. 6, here in Fig. 10 the welding welds 30 are each designed as separate, annular welding welds 30, 31, which are arranged in the direction of orthogonal planes ε or planes τ separation between adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24, i.e. each placed orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1. Each annular weld 31 for welding goes in the circumferential direction of the annular gap between the adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24 and firmly connects or welds them. Fig. 11 shows - comparable to Fig. 7 - disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 23, 24 after application of a continuous, spiral weld 32 to join the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 together. For clarity, the spiral weld 32 is redrawn here in such a way that a free space remains between adjacent parts of the spiral weld 32 which extend essentially parallel to each other. In order to achieve a tighter welding of multiple bodies 23, 24 arranged next to each other, the angle of attack or pitch of the spiral weld 32 can be reduced or changed so that adjacent parts of the spiral weld 32 overlap. Alternatively, in the longitudinal direction 11 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1, one or possibly several additional spiral welds 32 can be additionally placed over the already performed spiral weld 32 in order to cover the corresponding part of the fragment of the body 23, 24 towards the outside with a continuous, surface welded sheath 33. Here, another further weld seam 34 is applied in the longitudinal direction 11 of the shown part, which form the fragmentation bodies 23, 24, wherein the additional weld seam 34 also connects the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 which are not placed directly next to each other.

Fig. 12 illustrates - comparable to Fig. 8 - the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 shown after the application of a continuous, flat welding jacket 33, which connects the five fragmentation bodies 21, 22 made in the form of a disk to each other and covers them together. The flat weld jacket 33 is here produced from several separate, annular welds 31 which are applied by overlapping each other. Alternatively, such a flat welded shell 33 may also be produced - as previously explained in connection with FIG. 11 - by the appropriate selection of one, spiral welding seam 32, which is applied overlapping. Another weld seam 34 is applied here in the longitudinal direction 11 of the shown portion formed by the fragmenting bodies 23, 24 in order to fix the fragmenting bodies 23, 24 in their relative position with respect to each other prior to the application of the surface weld coat 33 strip by strip.

In the following figures, identical or functionally identical parts and components of Missile 1 are marked with the same reference numbers. In order to avoid repetition, the following description essentially describes only the various details compared to the images discussed so far.

Figure 13 shows another example of the realization of projectile 1 according to the invention. This second embodiment of the projectile differs from the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 essentially in that here the annular fragmentation body 20, which is constructed as a disc-shaped fragmentation body 21, has the largest outer diameter 215 which is smaller than the largest outer diameter 225, 235 of its neighboring fragmentation bodies 22, 23, which are also disc-shaped. In this way, a circumferential groove to accommodate the sealing ring is made cost-effectively. This sealing ring receiver (not shown in figure 13) during the production of the projectile 1 can be provided in a simple way by threading at least one fragmentation body 21 in the form of a disc with a smaller outer diameter 215 between adjacent fragmentation bodies 22, 23, each with a larger outer diameter 225, 235 within the group 41 for fragmentation, to the outer surface 13 of the base body 10 of the projectile 1. If necessary, the position of at least one fragmentation body 21 in the form of a disk with a smaller outer diameter 215, and thus the position of the circular groove for receiving the sealing ring, can be adjusted by appropriately moving this body in the longitudinal direction 11 within the fragmentation group 41, before the positions of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22, 23 within the fragmentation group 41, i.e. within the part 51 with the fragmentation bodies, are connected to each other and thus permanently fixed by annular welding stitches 30, 31, which are distributed here separately.

Figure 14 shows a third example of the projectile 1 according to the invention. In this projectile 1, two fragmentation groups 41, 42 are provided. Between the two fragmentation groups 41, 42, there is an inner, first positioning element 65, embedded along the side surface 13. The outer, second positioning element 66 is arranged so that this outer, second positioning element 66 includes the inner positioning element 65, with a circular groove formed in the outer positioning element 66 62 for receiving the sealing ring 63. In order to be able to adjust the center of mass of the projectile 1 by means of the combined positioning elements 65, 66, the inner, first positioning element 65 is made of light metal, for example aluminum. The outer, second positioning element 66 is made of a weldable material, for example steel, and both positioning elements 65, 66 are pressed together. If necessary, the number of fragmentation bodies 21, 22 of the first fragmentation group 41 or the first part 51 with fragmentation bodies and/or the number of fragmentation bodies 23, 24 of the second fragmentation group 42 of the second part 52 with fragmentation bodies can be changed during installation along the side surface 13 in order to be able to adjust the position of the combined element 65, 66 for positioning along the side surface 13 and thereby adjust the position of the center of mass of the projectile 1. The fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 attached to the side surface 13 are respectively connected to each other by annular welds 31. The outermost fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 of the fragmentation group 41, 42 are each connected by a boundary weld 35 to a corresponding adjacent positioning element 66 or base body. 10 missiles 1 or element for closing 18.

Figure 15 shows the fourth version of the projectile 1 according to the invention with three fragmentation groups 41, 42, 43, i.e. with three fragmentation parts 51, 52, 53. Between the first fragmentation group 41 and the second group 42, a positioning element 68 in the form of a cylindrical ring is installed, which has a circular groove 62 on the outside for receiving a sealing ring. Between the second fragmentation group 42 and the third group 43 there is also a positioning element 68 in the form of a cylindrical ring, but without a circular groove. The corresponding fragmentation bodies 21, 22 in the form of a disk of the first fragmentation group 41, the corresponding fragmentation bodies 23, 24 in the form of a disk of the second fragmentation group 42, as well as the corresponding fragmentation bodies 25, 26 in the form of a disk of the third fragmentation group 43 are interconnected by a spiral weld 32 in the fragmentation groups 41, 42, 43.

Figure 16 shows the fifth example of projectile 1 according to the invention with three fragmentation groups 41, 42, 43, that is, with three fragmentation parts 51, 52, 53.

Figure 17 shows - comparable to Figure 16 - a sixth example of the projectile 1 embodiment according to the invention, also with three fragmentation groups 41, 42, 43, i.e. with three fragmentation parts 51, 52, 53. These two embodiments (Figure 16 and 17) essentially differ only in the details of the respective welded joints, which are shown in the following Figures 19 and 20. Apart from these different welded joints, which will be discussed separately, the following description applies equally to Figures 16 and 17.

The fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 of the first fragmentation group 41, i.e. the first fragmentation part 51, are here arranged at an inclination angle β in relation to the orthogonal plane ε. The fragmentation bodies 20, 25, 26 of the third fragmentation group 43, that is, the third fragmentation part 53, are inclined here at an angle α of inclination in relation to the orthogonal plane ε. For example, the two angles α, β of inclination are chosen here differently, as sketched in Figure 17. Fragmentation bodies 20, 23, 24 of the middle, second fragmentation part 52 are disc-shaped, with planes τ of separation between adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24 which are oriented parallel or in the direction of the orthogonal plane ε in relation to the longitudinal axis 11 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1.

Between the first fragmentation part 51 with obliquely placed or inclined fragmentation bodies 21, 22 and the second fragmentation part 52 with fragmentation bodies 23, 24 arranged orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1, there is a conical ring element 67 for positioning. Similarly, between the second and third fragmentation groups 42, 43, that is, between the second and third fragmentation parts 52, 53, there is a conical annular positioning element 67. As shown in Figure 17, the surface-treated segment 8 extends both along the rear part of the body 10 of the projectile 10 and along some of the fragmentation bodies 25, 26 in the area of the third fragmentation group 43.

Figure 18 shows a section of the seventh embodiment of the shape of the projectile 1 according to the invention with two fragmentation groups 41, 42, where an inner, first positioning element 65 placed along the side surface 13 is provided between the two fragmentation groups, and an outer, second positioning element 66 is placed, which includes the inner positioning element 65, where a circular groove 62 is formed in the outer positioning element 66 for receiving a sealing ring. The inner, first positioning element 65 is made, for example, of aluminum, and the outer, second positioning element 66 is made of a material that is easily welded, for example, of steel or a steel alloy. The two positioning elements 65, 66 are mutually pressed together.

Fig. 19 shows a detailed view of area B marked in Fig. 16. Oblique or inclined fragmentation bodies 21, 22 of the first fragmentation group 41 are mutually connected to each other by individual welding using ring weld 31.

Figure 20 shows a detailed view of the area C marked in Figure 17. Here, the inclined or beveled fragmentation bodies 21, 22 of the first group 41 of fragments are joined with a surface weld 30, 32, 33, 34 derived from several separate weld seams 32, 34, which are applied overlappingly to the surface 7 of the projectile 1 in this first fragment part 51 and which form a weld mantle. 33 over the entire area.

Fig. 21 shows a detailed view of area D marked in Fig. 18. The outermost disc-shaped fragmentation body 24 of the second fragmentation group 42 is here connected on one side to the adjacent projectile base body 10 by a boundary weld 35. On the other hand, the disc-shaped fragmentation body 24 is connected to the adjacent disc-shaped fragmentation body 23 by ring weld 31.

Figure 22 shows a side section of the eighth example of the projectile 1 according to the invention with two fragmentation groups 41, 42, each with fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 inclined in opposite directions.

Figure 23 shows a detailed view of the area E marked in Figure 22 with the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 inclined at an angle α of inclination with respect to the plane ε orthogonally placed on the longitudinal direction 11 of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1. The outer surfaces 211, 221 of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 have indentations in the form of notches on their longitudinal edges, due to which the mutually opposite first outer edges 212, 222 and other outer edges 213, 223, which limit the outer surfaces 211, 221, have a smaller distance than the thickness or width of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22. The notch-shaped depressions made on the surface 7 have the advantage that welding seams, which are not shown here, for example, can be made as ring welds 31, that is, they can be applied inside these notch-shaped depressions to the neighboring one would be connected fragmentation bodies 21, 22, whereby the surface 7 of the projectile 1 remains as flat as possible and is not disturbed by the applied annular welds 31.

Figure 24 shows a side section of two adjacent disc-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 with a rectangular disc profile. The first fragmentation body 21 has an outer surface 211, a first outer edge 212 and an opposite second outer edge 213, a thickness or width 214, an outer diameter 215, an inner surface 216, an inner diameter 217, as well as a first side surface 218 and a second side surface 219 opposite the first side surface 218. The second fragmentation body 22 has an outer surface 221, the first outer edge 222 and the opposite second outer edge 223, the thickness or width 224, the outer diameter 225, the inner surface 226, the inner diameter 227, as well as the first side surface 228 and the second side surface 229 opposite the first side surface 228. The widths of the outer surfaces 211, 221 here correspond to the thicknesses and widths 214, 224 of two fragmentation bodies 21, 22 between opposite side surfaces. 218, 219 and 228, 229 two fragmentation bodies 21, 22. The two fragmentation bodies 21, 22 are connected to each other by an annular weld 31. The annular weld 31 extends in the orthogonal plane ε to the longitudinal axis of the basic body 10 of the projectile 1, i.e. in the plane τ for separation between adjacent fragmentation bodies 21, 22.

Figure 25 shows a side section of two adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24, namely a third fragmentation body 23 and a fourth fragmentation body 24, each disc-shaped with a generally rectangular disc profile with rounded outer edges 232, 233 and 242, 243. Due to the rounded outer edges 232, 233 and 242, 243, the width outer surfaces 231, 241 are each slightly smaller than the thickness and width 234, 244 of the two fragmentation bodies 23, 24. The thickness and width 234, 244 of the two fragmentation bodies 23, 24 correspond to the distances between the opposite side surfaces 218, 219 and 228, 229 of the two fragmentation bodies 21, 22.

The two fragmentation bodies 23, 24 are connected to each other by an annular weld 31, which is distributed in the area of the rounded outer edges 233, 242. The annular weld seam 31 extends in the orthogonal plane ε to the longitudinal axis of the body 10 of the projectile 1, i.e. in the plane τ for the separation between adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24.

Figure 26 shows a side section of two adjacent fragmenting bodies 25, 26 with a triangular disc profile, each disc having a blade-shaped outer edge tapering outwards. The fifth fragmentation body 25 has an outer surface 251, which is formed by one outer blade-shaped edge 252, has a variable thickness or width 254, an outer diameter 255, an inner surface 256, an inner diameter 257, as well as a first side surface 258 and a second side surface 259 opposite the first side surface 258. The sixth fragmentation body 26 has an outer surface 261, which is formed by one outer edge in the form of a blade 262, and also has a variable thickness or width 264, an outer diameter 265, an inner surface 266, an inner diameter 267, as well as a first side surface 268 and a second side surface 269 opposite the first side surface 268.

The widths of the outer surfaces 251, 261 of the two fragmentation bodies 25, 26 here correspond to the widths of the respective conical, blade-shaped outer edges 252, 262 of the two fragmentation bodies 25, 26. The two fragmentation bodies 25, 26 are here interconnected by ring welding 31 in the area of greatest thickness, i.e. the width 254, 264 of the two fragmentation bodies 25, 26, where the area directly borders the cylindrical outer surface 13 of the base body 10 of the projectile 1. The annular weld 31 then extends in the orthogonal plane ε to the longitudinal axis of the base body 10 of the projectile 1, i.e. in the plane τ for separation, i.e. here the weld 31 extends in the circumferential direction of the cut between the adjacent fragmentation bodies 25, 26.

Figure 27 shows the projectile 1 according to the invention executed in the form of a mortar shell. The basic shape of the projectile 1 shown here with the basic body 10 of the projectile 1, which has a recess 17 for receiving explosive material, where along the longitudinal axis 11 of the basic body of the projectile 10 a number of adjacent fragmentation bodies 20 are strung and placed on the side surface of the basic body 10 of the projectile, and where the adjacent fragmentation bodies 20 are connected to each other by at least one weld 30, 31, this arrangement having already been described in detail with reference to Figure 1. Therefore, we refer to the above description of Figure 1. In addition to the schematic illustration in Figure 1, here in Figure 27, for the projectile 1 in the form of a fully assembled mortar shell, the tail unit 90 is already attached to the tail rear part 6. The tail unit 90 is attached to the corresponding external thread 9 of the tail rear part 6 on the projectile body 10 by means of an internal thread. The tail unit 90 shown here, for example, contains a propellant charge and a propellant igniter.

Here, the ignition device 5 is screwed to the closing element 18 on the top of the projectile 4 by means of a thread 91. The closing element 18 is then screwed to the part of the body 10 of the projectile 1 via an additional thread 92. On the one hand, the closing element 18 shown here serves to mutually press and compress the fragmentation bodies 20, which are previously placed strung together on the side surface 13 of the basic body 10 of the projectile in their installed position. This ensures, on the one hand, that there are no unwanted gaps between adjacent fragmentation bodies 20, which are made in the form of a disc. On the other hand, the pressure between the adjacent fragmenting bodies 20 due to the screwing of the closing element 18 facilitates the subsequent application of welds 30, 31, by means of which the adjacent fragmenting bodies 20 are connected to each other.

After the appropriate filling of the recess 17 with explosive material, the recess 17 is closed by screwing the ignition device 5 into the thread 91 of the closing element 18. Projectile 1 or the mortar shell shown here is therefore ready to be fired, for example, by means of a mortar.

Figure 28 shows the projectile 1 according to the invention in the form of an artillery shell. Unlike the mortar shell according to the previous figure 27, the artillery shell lacks the tail part. The tail rear part 6 of the artillery shell therefore does not have a connecting thread for the tail unit, but is constructed here, for example, with a flat lower surface that is aligned orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of the body 10 of the projectile. Attaching the ignition device 5 to the tip or nose 4 of the projectile by means of the closing element 18 as a connecting part with the basic body 10 of the projectile is performed in a manner comparable to the execution according to Figure 27. Reference is made to the corresponding description of Figure 27.

The shown artillery shell has a sealing ring 64 with a guide on the rear part in the area of the fragmentation bodies 20, which are made in the form of a disc, whereby the sealing ring 64 is gathered on the fragmentation bodies 20 or the fragmentation discs located below. The sealing ring 64, for example, is made of plastic and here consists of a guide made of copper, which serves to seal the shell against the barrel of the corresponding gun when the artillery shell is fired.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS AND CALL SIGNS

1 Projectile

2 Projectile rotation axis

3 Caliber, the outer diameter of the projectile

4 Projectile nose

5 Ignition device

6 Rear part

7 Projectile surface; The outer contour of the projectile

8 surfaces of processed segments

9 External threads; Tail unit connection thread

10 Main body of the projectile

11 Longitudinal axis of the projectile body; Longitudinal direction

12 cylindrical parts of the shell of the bullet body

13 Cylindrical lining surface

14 Outer diameter of the cylindrical part of the lining

15 Wall thickness of the cylindrical part of the lining

16 Inner diameter of the cylindrical part of the lining

17 Indentation for receiving explosive material

18 Closing element, screwing element

20 Fragmentation body

201 Outer surface of the fragment body (ie 211, 221, 231,...)

202 (first) outer edge of the body of the fragment (ie 212, 222, 232,...)

203 (second) outer edge of the body of the fragment (ie 213, 223, 233,...)

204 Thickness or width of the body of the fragment (ie 214, 224, 234,...)

205 outer diameter of the fragment body (ie 215, 225, 235,...)

206 inner surface of the fragment body (ie 216, 226, 236,...)

207 internal diameter of the fragment body (ie 217, 227, 237, ...)

208 the first lateral surface of the body of the fragment (ie 218, 228, 238,...)

209 second side surface of the body of the fragment (ie 219, 229, 239,...)

21 (first) fragmentation body

22 (second) fragmentation body

23 (third) fragmentation body

24 (fourth) fragmentation body

25 (fifth) fragmentation body

26 (sixth) fragmentation body

30 welded seam

31 annular weld between fragmentation bodies

32 spiral welds (overlapping)

33 cover the entire welded surface

34 additional welds

35 border welds

41 (first) fragmentation group, group of fragmentation bodies

42. (second) fragmentation group

43. (third) fragmentation group

51 (first) fragmentation part

52 (second) fragmentation part

53 (third) fragmentation part

60 circumferential notch (for sealing ring)

62 circumferential groove

63 Sealing ring

64 Sealing ring with guide

65 (first) positioning element, aluminum insert

66 (second) positioning element, insert ring with groove

67 Positioning element, conical ring

68 Positioning element, cylindrical ring

69 Comma in fragmentation body

90. Tail unit

91 threads

92 threads

α Angle of inclination α of the fragmentation body in relation to the orthogonal plane ε β Angle of inclination β of the fragment body in relation to the orthogonal plane ε ε Plane ε orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the projectile body

τ Plane τ for separation between adjacent fragment bodies

Claims (27)

PATENT REQUESTS 1. Projectile (1) with the basic body (10) of the projectile, which has a recess (17) for receiving the explosive material as well as at least in the parts (12), primarily a cylindrical surface (13) of the coating oriented along the longitudinal axis (11) of the basic body (10) of the projectile, and in which at least one fragmentation group (41, 42, 43) is provided, which includes at least two mutually adjacent, annular fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22, 23, 24), which are strung along the surface of the casing (13) and form the fragmentation part (51, 52, 53) of the projectile (1), characterized by the fact that at least the adjacent fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22) of the fragmentation group (41, 42, 43) are connected to each other by means of at least one welded seam (30, 31, 32, 33, 34). 2. Projectile (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each fragmentation body (20, 21, 22) of the fragmentation group (41, 42, 43) has an outer surface (201, 211, 221) opposite the side surface (13) of the lining and the outer surface (201, 211, 221) of all fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22) of one fragmentation groups (41, 42, 43) define the surface (7) of the projectile (1) in this fragmentation part (51, 52, 53). 3. Projectile (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one welded seam (30, 31, 32, 33, 34) is applied to the surface (7) of the projectile (1) in the fragmentation part (51, 52, 53). 4. Projectile (1) according to one of the above requirements, characterized in that at least one welded seam (30, 31, 32, 33, 34) extends in a plane (ε) orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (11) of the basic body (10) of the projectile and primarily the welded seam (31) is ring-shaped. 5. Projectile (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that more than two fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22, 23, 24) are provided in one fragmentation group (41, 42, 43) and adjacent fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22) are always interconnected by means of a weld (30, 31, 32, 33, 34). 6. Projectile (1) according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one welded seam (30, 31, 32, 33, 34) is part of a surface welded joint (32, 33), which connects the outer surfaces (201, 211, 221, 223) of each fragmentation body (20, 21, 22, 23) of one fragmentation group (41, 42) with each other. 7. Projectile (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the flat welded joint (32, 33) is made of several separate welded seams (30, 31, 32, 34), which are applied overlapping on the surface (7) of the projectile (1) in the fragmentation part (51, 52, 53). 8. Projectile (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the flat welded joint (32, 33) consists of one single welded seam (30, 32) which is applied overlapping, primarily in spiral form. 9. Projectile (1) according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the non-adjacent fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 23, 25) of the fragmentation group (41, 42, 43), primarily all the fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the fragmentation group (41, 42, 43), are connected to each other by means of at least one further additional welded joint (34). 10. The projectile (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one further additional welded seam (34) is applied in the longitudinal direction (11) of the fragmentation part (51, 52) on the surface (7) of the projectile (1) in this fragmentation part (51, 52). 11. Projectile (1) according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that at least two further additional welds (34) are provided, which are applied opposite each other on the surface (7) of the projectile (1) in one fragmentation part (51, 52, 53) and in the longitudinal direction of the projectile (1). 12. Projectile (1) according to one of the above requirements, characterized by the fact that the fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22, 23, 24) are disc-shaped. 13. The projectile (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least two fragmentation groups (41, 42, 43) and fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22, 23, 24) are provided, which in the fragmentation group (41) have at least in some segment a different angle of inclination (α, β) in relation to the orthogonal plane (ε) than the fragmentation bodies (20, 23, 24, 25, 26) of this second fragmentation group (42). 14. Projectile (1) according to one of the above requirements, characterized in that at least one of the annular fragmenting bodies (20, 21) has a largest outer diameter (205, 215), which is smaller than the largest outer diameter (225, 235) of its adjacent fragmenting bodies (22, 23), for receiving a sealing ring (63, 64). 15. Projectile (1) according to one of the above requirements, characterized by the fact that at least two fragmentation groups (41, 42) are provided that are spaced from each other, and between the fragmentation groups (41, 42) an internal, first element (65) for positioning is provided along the side surface (13) of the lining, as well as an external, second element (66) for positioning that is arranged so as to include the internal element (65) for positioning, with a circular groove formed in the outer element (66) for positioning (62) to receive the sealing ring (63, 64). 16. Projectile (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the inner, first element (65) for positioning is made of aluminum and the outer, second element (66) for positioning is made of a material that can be easily welded, primarily steel or a steel alloy, and these two elements (65, 66) for positioning are pressed together. 17. Projectile (1) according to one of the aforementioned requirements, characterized in that the respective outermost fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22) of the fragmentation group (41, 42) are connected to the main body (10) of the projectile or to the element (65, 66, 67, 68) for positioning and/or to the element (18) for closure by means of at least one boundary weld (35). 18. Projectile (1) according to one of the aforementioned requirements, characterized by the fact that at least one welded joint (30, 31, 32, 33) and/or at least one further additional welded seam (34) and/or at least one boundary welded seam (35), primarily all welded seams (30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35), is/are designed to be airtight. 19. A method for the production of projectiles (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 18, comprising the following steps: - Providing a basic body (10) of the projectile with a primarily cylindrical outer surface (13) of the liner; - Provision of at least two annular fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22, 23, 24); - Arrangement of fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22, 23, 24) on the side surface (13) of the lining, whereby a group of adjacent fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22) forms a fragmentation group (41, 42) and each fragmentation body (20, 21, 22) of the fragmentation group (41, 42) has an outer surface (201, 211, 221) against the side surface (13) of the lining and the outer surface (201, 211, 221) of all fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22) fragmentation groups (41, 42) define the surface (7) of the projectile (1) in the fragmentation part (51, 52); - Application of at least one welded seam (30, 31, 32, 33), which connects at least two adjacent fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22) to each other. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that separate welded seams (30, 31, 32) are applied to join adjacent fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22). 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the separate welded seams (30, 31, 32) are each applied in a plane (ε) orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (11) on the surface (7) of the fragmentation part (51, 52). 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the separate welded seams (30, 31, 32) are applied overlapping each other. 23. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the adjacent fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 22) are connected to each other by means of one, primarily spirally applied, welded seam (32) that extends over the surface (7) of the fragmentation part (51, 52). 24. The method according to one of the claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the non-adjacent fragmentation bodies (20, 21, 23, 25) are connected to each other by applying at least one further additional weld seam (34), which extends in the longitudinal direction (11) of the projectile (1) and on the surface (7) of the fragmentation part (51, 52). 25. The method according to one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the welding is performed using a laser welding method, primarily using pulsed laser welding. 26. The method according to one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that at least a segment of the surface (7) of the projectile (1) is processed before applying at least one welded seam (30), primarily by means of machining, particularly preferably by chip removal processing, i.e. by scraping the surface (8). 27. The method according to one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that at least part of the surface (7) of the projectile (1), after the application of at least one weld (30), is processed primarily by means of machining, particularly preferably by chip removal processing, i.e. by scraping or coating the surface (8), whereby the surface treatment also includes at least one segment of at least one weld (30).