RS57721B1

RS57721B1 - Negative pressure updraught pouring method

Info

Publication number: RS57721B1
Application number: RS20181003A
Authority: RS
Inventors: Yu-San Chen
Original assignee: Mei Ta Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-02-17
Filing date: 2015-02-17
Publication date: 2018-12-31
Also published as: EP3059029B1; PL3059029T3; EP3059029A1; TR201812291T4; HUE039983T2

Description

TEHNIČKO POLJE PRONALASKA TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Sadašnji pronalazak se odnosi na postupak sipanja i konkretnije na postupak sipanja putem negativnog pritiska naviše koji se koristi za povlačenje topljenog čelika naviše u kalup da se formira odlivak putem negativnog pritiska prema zahtevu 1. Dalje povoljne konfiguracije ovog pronalaska mogu biti izvučene iz zavisnog zahteva. The present invention relates to a casting process and more specifically to a negative pressure upward casting process used to draw molten steel upward into a mold to form a negative pressure casting according to claim 1. Further advantageous configurations of the present invention may be derived from the dependent claim.

STANJE TEHNIKE STATE OF THE ART

Upućivanjem na Sliku 5 Postupak sipanja gravitacijom koji koriste konvencionalne livnice gvožđa i čelika uglavnom se sastoji od koraka: nakon što se čelik fuzioniše na 1450 - 1700°C u toploj peći, rastopljeni čelik visoke temperature se puni u gvozdenu kofu (d) i onda se rastopljeni čelik sipa i izliva u prethodno napravljeni kalup (a); rastopljenii čelik se sipa u šupljinu kalupa c kroz bazen za sipanje (b1), vertikalni kanal (b2), žleb (b3) i kapiju (b4) sistema putanje protoka (b) putem gravitacionog dejstva; i ohlađeni i učvršćeni čelik se vadi iz kalupa (a). Učvršćeni topljeni čelik se čisti i pravilno procesuira radi dobijanja traženog odlivka. Referring to Figure 5, the gravity casting process used by conventional iron and steel foundries mainly consists of steps: after the steel is fused at 1450 - 1700°C in a hot furnace, the high-temperature molten steel is filled into an iron bucket (d) and then the molten steel is poured and poured into a previously made mold (a); the molten steel is poured into the mold cavity c through the pouring basin (b1), the vertical channel (b2), the groove (b3) and the gate (b4) of the flow path system (b) by gravity; and the cooled and hardened steel is removed from the mold (a). The solidified molten steel is cleaned and properly processed to obtain the required casting.

Gornji postupak sipanja se uglavnom koristi u livnicama gvožđa i čelika. Uprkos tome, postupak sipanja ima sledeće nedostatke zasnovane na troškovima livnice i kvalitetu odlivaka: The above casting process is mainly used in iron and steel foundries. However, the casting process has the following disadvantages based on foundry costs and casting quality:

1. Za odlivke debljine ispod 3,5 mm, traži se da rastopljeni čelik prođe kroz sisteme putanje protoka kada se izliva u peščanom kalupu dejstvom gravitacije. 1. For castings less than 3.5 mm thick, molten steel is required to pass through flow path systems when poured into a sand mold by gravity.

Brzina protoka rastopljenog čelika nije prebrza zbog opstrukcije vazduha u šupljini kalupa. Što je tanja debljina odlivka; sporija je brzina protoka. Što je duža putanja protoka to je veća brzina kaljenja rastopljenog čelika. Prema tome tanku debljinu odlivka je teško formirati ukoliko temperatura rastopljenog čelika nije visoka a protočnost je slaba. Kao rezultat je teško dobiti odlivak dobrog kvaliteta. The flow rate of molten steel is not too fast due to air obstruction in the mold cavity. The thinner the thickness of the casting; the slower the flow rate. The longer the flow path, the higher the rate of hardening of the molten steel. Therefore, it is difficult to form a thin casting thickness if the temperature of the molten steel is not high and the flow rate is weak. As a result it is difficult to get a good quality casting.

2. Kada temperatura topljenja dostigne 1700°C ili više, iako protočnost rastopljenog čelika može biti povećana radi formiranja odlivaka tanke debljine, nije samo potrošnja struje povećana već je i vek trajanja vatrostalnih materijala tople peći značajno skraćen pošto se temperatura topljenja povećava. Frekvencija promene vatrostalnih materijala se povećava a time se povećavaju i troškovi promene vatrostalnih materijala i smanjuju kapacitet proizvodnje zbog potrošnje vremena radi promene. Štaviše, kada je temperatura topljenja rastopljenog čelika preko 1700°C, vatrostalni materijali tople peći će se spojiti sa rastopljenim čelikom. Kao rezultat, količina nečistoća koje sadrže oksid u rastopljenom čeliku se povećava što će uticati na čistoću i mehaničku karakteristiku čeličnih odlivaka. 2. When the melting temperature reaches 1700°C or more, although the flow rate of molten steel can be increased to form thin castings, not only the power consumption is increased, but also the service life of the refractories of the hot furnace is significantly shortened as the melting temperature increases. The frequency of changing refractories increases, thus increasing the costs of changing refractories and reducing the production capacity due to the time spent for the change. Furthermore, when the melting temperature of the molten steel is over 1700°C, the refractories of the hot furnace will fuse with the molten steel. As a result, the amount of oxide-containing impurities in the molten steel increases, which will affect the purity and mechanical characteristics of steel castings.

Tokom postupka sipanja, rastopljeni čelik mora da napuni siteme putanje protoka, vertikalni kanal i žljeb za protok u šupljinu kalupa. Rastopljeni čelik unutar sitema putanje protoka i onaj unutar šupljine kalupa će biti ohlađen i učvršćen u isto vreme. Rastopljeni čelik koji ostaje unutar sistema putanje protoka će povećati potrošnju rastopljenog čelika. Kao rezultat, odnos (odnosno, prinos) količine odlivaka i ukupno sipanog rastopljenog čelika ne može biti efektivno uvećan. Neefektivnost povećanja prinosa znači da određena količina rastopljenog čelika ne može biti efektivno sačuvana, izvor energije ne može biti efektivno sačuvan i tako troškovi proizvodnje ne mogu efektivno biti sniženi. During the pouring process, the molten steel must fill the flow path systems, the vertical channel and the flow groove into the mold cavity. The molten steel inside the flow path system and that inside the mold cavity will be cooled and solidified at the same time. Molten steel remaining within the flow path system will increase the consumption of molten steel. As a result, the ratio (that is, the yield) of the amount of castings and the total poured molten steel cannot be effectively increased. The ineffectiveness of yield increase means that a certain amount of molten steel cannot be effectively saved, the energy source cannot be effectively saved and thus production costs cannot be effectively lowered.

DE 39 25 373 A1 otkriva postupak gde se rastopljeni čelik povlači naviše kroz jedan ili više ulaza u kalup. Primenjuje se vakuum tako da rastopljeni metal ispuni kalup i podiže se u bar jednu cev za podizanje. Metal u ulazima kalupa se time stvrdnjava čim se neophodan nivo podizanja dostigne, tako da je rastopljeni metal zatvoren u kalupu. Na kalup se onda vrši pritisak. Rastopljeni metal se zatvara u kalup pre nego što može da se učvrsti, tako da primena eksternog pritiska može biti korišćena da se obezbedi da ceo kalup bude u potpunosti napunjen. DE 39 25 373 A1 discloses a process where molten steel is drawn upwards through one or more mold inlets. A vacuum is applied so that the molten metal fills the mold and is lifted into at least one riser tube. The metal in the mold inlets is thereby solidified as soon as the necessary lift level is reached, so that the molten metal is enclosed in the mold. The mold is then pressed. The molten metal is sealed in the mold before it can solidify, so the application of external pressure can be used to ensure that the entire mold is completely filled.

Dokument EP 0 580 136 A1 se odnosi na aparat za livenje sukcijom (usisavanjem), koji sadrži ventilacioni kalup za livenje, kutiju komore i površinsku ploču kao potporu kalupu za livenje i kutiji komore. Površinska ploča ima prolazni otvor za prolaženje štapa kroz nju, i njena površina je formirana sa žljebovima koji se pružaju od prolaznog otvora do površine koja se nalazi van površine montiranja kalupa i unutar površine za montiranje kutije komore. Eksterni vazduh koji ulazi kroz zapečaćeni zazor između površinske ploče i štapa i sagoreli gas generisan sa kalupa za livenje se brzo sprovode kroz žljebove u unutrašnji prostor komore da bi potom brzo bili otpušteni ka spolja. Document EP 0 580 136 A1 relates to a suction casting apparatus comprising a vented casting mold, a chamber box and a surface plate to support the casting mold and chamber box. The surface plate has a through hole for passing the rod through, and its surface is formed with grooves extending from the through hole to a surface outside the mold mounting surface and inside the chamber box mounting surface. External air entering through the sealed gap between the surface plate and the rod and the burnt gas generated from the casting mold are quickly conducted through the grooves into the inner space of the chamber and then quickly released to the outside.

US 1,473,246 A1 otkriva aparat za punjenje kalupa pod redukovanim pritiskom uključujući radni sto na kome je kalup adaptiran da stoji, zvono koje ima svoju nižu ivicu koja stoji na navedenom stolu i adaptirano je da zatvori kalup. Dijafragma pokriva otvor zvona i adaptirana je da podupre kalup kako bi pritisnula kalup prema radnom stolu. Vazduh se može izvlačiti iz zvona kako bi se izazvalo da dijafragma podupire kalup. Dokument EP 0 967 035 A1 otkriva postupak livenja sukcijom radi sipanja rastopljenog metala iz kapije za sipanje kalupa u šupljinu korišćenjem negativnog pritiska, pri čemu se primenjuje viši negativni pritisak od negativnog pritiska unutrašnjosti šupljine kako bi se snizila temperatura površinskog dela kalupa. US 1,473,246 A1 discloses an apparatus for filling a mold under reduced pressure including a table on which the mold is adapted to stand, a bell having its lower edge standing on said table and adapted to close the mold. A diaphragm covers the opening of the bell and is adapted to support the mold to press the mold against the work table. Air can be drawn from the bell to cause the diaphragm to support the mold. Document EP 0 967 035 A1 discloses a suction casting process for pouring molten metal from a mold gate into a cavity using negative pressure, applying a higher negative pressure than the negative pressure inside the cavity to lower the temperature of the mold surface.

US 4,550,763 A otkriva postupak livenja u kalupu pod pritiskom i aparaturu gde cev za ispuruku iz rezervoara topljenja koja se nalazi u kućištu pod pritiskom može primiti otopinu u cev fiksiranu za kalup koji je takođe kućište pod pritiskom pa kada se potonja cev povuče od prve pomenute, klizni zatvarač zatvara vrh cevi rezervoara. Komunikacija gasa između gornjeg kraja cevi rezervoara i unutrašnjosti kućišta je dopuštena kako bi se obezbedilo da će sloj gasa koji korespondira sa onim u kućištu ići preko otopine u delu cevi koji čini rezervoar. FR 571370 A otkriva postupak i uređaj za livenje u kalupe primenjive za metale ili plastične materijale date u tečnom ili obliku paste, u kojima se punjenje kalupa obavlja pod dejstvom vakum kalupa kako bi se napunili i ne moraju biti zaptiveni od sebe samih već pod čvrstom komorom pri čemu se vakuum proizvodi u vreme livenja. US 4,550,763 A discloses a pressure die casting process and apparatus where a discharge tube from a melt tank located in a pressure housing can receive the melt into a tube fixed to the mold which is also a pressure housing so that when the latter tube is withdrawn from the first mentioned, a slide closure closes the top of the reservoir tube. Gas communication between the upper end of the reservoir tube and the inside of the housing is allowed to ensure that a layer of gas corresponding to that in the housing will pass over the solution in the portion of the tube forming the reservoir. FR 571370 A discloses a process and device for casting in molds applicable to metals or plastic materials given in liquid or paste form, in which the filling of the mold is carried out under the action of a vacuum mold so that they are filled and do not have to be sealed by themselves but under a solid chamber whereby a vacuum is produced at the time of casting.

SUŠTINA PRONALASKA THE ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

U svetlu gore navedenog, postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska sadašnjeg pronalaska je obezbeđen radi poboljšanja gore pomenutih nedostataka konvencionalnih struktura i ostvarenja sledećih ciljeva. In light of the above, the negative pressure pull-up pouring process of the present invention is provided to improve the above-mentioned disadvantages of conventional structures and achieve the following objectives.

Primarni cilj sadašnjeg pronalaska je da se obezbedi postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska radi rešavanja problema teškoće formiranja odlivaka sa tankom debljinom kada temperatura topljenja čelika nije visoka i ispunjenje zahteva u vezi sa odlivcima tanke debljine. The primary object of the present invention is to provide a negative pressure pull-up casting process to solve the problem of the difficulty of forming thin-thickness castings when the melting temperature of the steel is not high and to meet the requirements of thin-thickness castings.

Sledeći cilj sadašnjeg pronalaska je da se obezbedi postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska radi rešavanja nedostatka visoke temperature topljenja čelika kako bi se potrošnja struje mogla smanjiti, kako bi se gubitak i frekvencija promene vatrostalnih materijala mogli smanjiti, kako bi se čistoća i mehanička karakteristika odlivaka mogla pobiljšati i tako se smanjili troškovi proizvodnje. A further object of the present invention is to provide a negative pressure pull-up casting process to solve the drawback of high melting temperature of steel so that power consumption can be reduced, so that the loss and frequency of refractories change can be reduced, so that the purity and mechanical characteristics of the casting can be improved and thus the production cost can be reduced.

Sledeći cilj sadašnjeg pronalaska je da se obezbedi postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska radi rešavanja nedostatka suvišnog topljenog čelika koji ostaje unutar sistema putanje protoka što izaziva neefektivnost povećanja prinosa kako be se troškovi vraćanja topljenog čelika uštedeli a učinak efektivno povećao. A further object of the present invention is to provide a negative pressure pull-up pouring process to address the deficiency of excess molten steel remaining within the flow path system causing inefficiency in yield enhancement so that molten steel recovery costs are saved and output is effectively increased.

Sledeći cilj sadašnjeg pronalaska je da se obezbedi postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska radi rešavanja nedostatka kojim se zahteva korišćenje gvozdene kofe za sipanje. Gvozdena kofa i oprema koja ide uz nju više nisu potrebni i tako troškovi proizvodnje mogu biti smanjeni. A further object of the present invention is to provide a negative pressure pull-up pouring process to overcome the drawback of requiring the use of an iron pouring bucket. The iron bucket and the equipment that goes with it are no longer needed and thus production costs can be reduced.

Da bi se postigli gore pomenuti ciljevi, postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska sadašnjeg pronalaska je obezbeđen za formiranje bar jednog odlivka korišćenjem bar jednog kalupa. Šupljina kalupa i sistem putanje protoka spojeni jedan sa drugim su postavljeni unutar kalupa. Postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska se sastoji od sledećih koraka: a) ravna ploča sa usisnom cevi je pokrivena na gornjem kraju tople peći, topla peć je napunjena sa spojenim rastopljenim čelikom a donji kraj usisne cevi je potopljen u rastopljeni čelik; b) vazdušni prolaz spojen sa šupljinom kalupa je formiran na kalupu, i kalup je postavljen na ravnu ploču kako bi sistem putanje protoka kalupa bio spojen sa gornjim krajem usisne cevi; c) komora je pokrivena na kalupu i ravnoj ploči, a vazduh unutar komore se izvlači napolje kako bi se smanjio vazdušni pritisak unutar komore i šupljine kalupa, a rastopljeni čelik unutar tople peći se usisava naviše i teče u šupljinu kalupa kroz usisnu cev; i d) učvršćivanje rastopljenog čelika unutar kapije između sistema putanje protoka i šupljine kalupa a nakon toga se negativni vazdušni pritisak unutar komore oslobađa tako da rastopljeni čelik unutar sistema putanje protoka može da teče natrag unutar tople peći. In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the negative pressure pull-up casting process of the present invention is provided for forming at least one casting using at least one mold. The mold cavity and the flow path system connected to each other are placed inside the mold. The negative pressure pull-up pouring process consists of the following steps: a) a flat plate with a suction pipe is covered at the upper end of the hot furnace, the hot furnace is filled with the fused molten steel and the lower end of the suction pipe is immersed in the molten steel; b) an air passage connected to the mold cavity is formed on the mold, and the mold is placed on a flat plate so that the mold flow path system is connected to the upper end of the suction pipe; c) the chamber is covered on the mold and the flat plate, and the air inside the chamber is drawn out to reduce the air pressure inside the chamber and the mold cavity, and the molten steel inside the hot furnace is sucked up and flows into the mold cavity through the suction pipe; and d) solidifying the molten steel within the gate between the flow path system and the mold cavity and thereafter the negative air pressure within the chamber is released so that the molten steel within the flow path system can flow back into the hot furnace.

Kada se sadašnji pronalazak realizuje, postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska se dalje sastoji od koraka: nakon koraka d, komora se uklanja a kalup se odvaja od ravne ploče. When the present invention is implemented, the negative pressure pull-up casting process further consists of steps: after step d, the chamber is removed and the mold is separated from the flat plate.

Kada se postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska realizuje, kalup je peščani kalup, vazdušni prolaz na kalupu je razmak između svakog od peščanog zrna peščanog kalupa, a temperatura spojenog rastopljenog čelika unutar tople peći je između 1400 - 1550°C. When the negative pressure pull-up pouring process is realized, the mold is a sand mold, the air passage on the mold is the space between each of the sand grains of the sand mold, and the temperature of the fused molten steel inside the hot furnace is between 1400 - 1550°C.

Sadašnji pronalazak će postati u potpunosti jasan upućivanjem na njegov detaljan opis koji sledi kada se čita zajedno sa priloženim slikama. The present invention will become fully apparent upon reference to the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

KRATAK OPIS SLIKA BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PICTURES

Slika 1 je prikaz svakog posebnog elementa koji se koristi u poželjnoj realizaciji otkrića postupka sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska; Figure 1 is an illustration of each particular element used in a preferred embodiment of the invention of the negative pressure pull-up pouring process;

Slika 2 je prikaz preseka sklopa elemenata koji se koriste u poželjnoj realizaciji otkrića postupka sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an assembly of elements used in a preferred embodiment of the invention of the negative pressure pull-up pouring process;

Slika 3 je prikaz preseka poželjne realizacije otkrića postupka sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska kada je negativni pritisak formiran. Slika 4 je prikaz preseka kada se rastopljeni čelik poželjne realizacije otkrića postupka sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska povlači natrag u toplu peć; i Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention of the negative pressure pull-up pouring process when the negative pressure is formed. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view when molten steel of a preferred embodiment of the disclosure of the negative pressure pull-up pouring process is drawn back into the hot furnace; and

Slika 5 je prikaz preseka kada se rastopljeni čelik izliva u kalup korišćenjem konvencionalnog postupka sipanja u peščani kalup. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of molten steel being poured into a mold using a conventional sand casting process.

DETALJAN OPIS POŽELJNIH REALIZACIJA DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DESIRED REALIZATIONS

Upućujemo vas na Slike 1 do 4. Poželjna realizacija postupka sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska sadašnjeg pronalaska se sastoji od sledećih koraka: We refer you to Figures 1 through 4. A preferred embodiment of the negative pressure pull-up pouring process of the present invention comprises the following steps:

a) ravna ploča 3 sa usisnom cevi 4 je pokrivena na gornjem kraju tople peći 2, topla peć 2 je napunjena sa spojenim rastopljenim čelikom 9 a donji kraj usisne cevi 4 je potopljen u rastopljeni čelik 9; a) the flat plate 3 with the suction pipe 4 is covered at the upper end of the hot furnace 2, the hot furnace 2 is filled with the fused molten steel 9 and the lower end of the suction pipe 4 is immersed in the molten steel 9;

b) vazdušni prolaz 52 spojen sa šupljinom 51 kalupa je formiran na kalupu 5, i kalup 5 je postavljen na ravnu ploču 3 kako bi sistem 53 putanje protoka kalupa 5 bio spojen sa gornjim krajem usisne cevi 4; b) an air passage 52 connected to the mold cavity 51 is formed on the mold 5, and the mold 5 is placed on the flat plate 3 so that the flow path system 53 of the mold 5 is connected to the upper end of the suction pipe 4;

c) komora 6 je pokrivena na kulupu 5 i ravnoj ploči 3, a vazduh unutar komore 6 se izvlači napolje kako bi se smanjio vazdušni pritisak unutar komore 6 i šupljine 51 kalupa, i rastopljeni čelik 9 unutar tople peći 2 se usisava naviše i teče u šupljinu 51 kalupa kroz usisnu cev 4 radi formiranja odlivka; i c) the chamber 6 is covered on the mold 5 and the flat plate 3, and the air inside the chamber 6 is drawn out to reduce the air pressure inside the chamber 6 and the cavity 51 of the mold, and the molten steel 9 inside the hot furnace 2 is sucked up and flows into the cavity 51 of the mold through the suction pipe 4 to form a casting; and

d) učvršćivanje rastopljenog čelika unutar kapije 54 između sistema 53 putanje protoka i šupljine 51 kalupa a nakon toga se negativni vazdušni pritisak unutar komore 6 oslobađa tako da rastopljeni čelik 9 unutar sistema 53 putanje protoka može da teče natrag unutar tople peći 2. d) solidifying the molten steel inside the gate 54 between the flow path system 53 and the mold cavity 51 and then the negative air pressure inside the chamber 6 is released so that the molten steel 9 inside the flow path system 53 can flow back inside the hot furnace 2.

Topla peć 2 u koraku je tip tople peći sa kalemovima za zagrevanje. Temperatura topljenja rastopljenog čelika 9 se kontroliše da bude između 1400 -1550°C. Usisna cev 4 prodire kroz ravnu ploču 3 vertikalno a otvor donjeg kraja usisne cevi 4 je potopljen u rastopljeni čelik 9. Otvor na gornjem kraju usisne cevi 4 i gornja površina ravne ploče 3 su ugrubo rečeno u istoj ravni. The step 2 warm oven is a type of warm oven with heating coils. The melting temperature of the molten steel 9 is controlled to be between 1400 -1550°C. The suction pipe 4 penetrates through the flat plate 3 vertically and the opening of the lower end of the suction pipe 4 is immersed in the molten steel 9. The opening at the upper end of the suction pipe 4 and the upper surface of the flat plate 3 are roughly in the same plane.

Kalup 5 u koraku b je peščani kalup. Vazdušni prolaz 52 na kalupu 5 je razmak između svakog od peščanih zrna peščanog kalupa radi stvaranja efekta koji dopušta prolaz vazduha. Usisnik 531 sistema 53 putanje protoka kalupa 5 se formira na donjoj površini kalupa 5 kako bi usisnik 531 mogao da bude poravnat sa otvorom gornjeg kraja usisne cevi 4 kada se kalup 5 postavi na ravnu ploču 3, i tako sistem 53 putanje protoka kalupa 5 može da bude povezan sa gornjim krajem usisne cevi 4. Mold 5 in step b is a sand mold. The air passage 52 on the mold 5 is the space between each of the sand grains of the sand mold to create an effect that allows the passage of air. The intake 531 of the mold flow path system 53 is formed on the lower surface of the mold 5 so that the intake 531 can be aligned with the opening of the upper end of the suction pipe 4 when the mold 5 is placed on the flat plate 3, and thus the mold flow path system 53 can be connected to the upper end of the suction pipe 4.

U koraku c, komora 6 je šuplji kontejner sa otvorom na dnu. Gornji kraj komore 6 je povezan za cev 61 za ispuštanje vazduha kako bi se koristila vakuum pumpa radi ekstrahovanja vazduha koji se nalazi unutar komore 6 kada je komora 6 pokrivena na kalupu 5 i ravnoj ploči 3. Zbog propustljivosti vazduha kod kalupa 5, vazdušni pritisak unutar komore 6 je isti kao onaj u šupljini 51 kalupa, sistemu 53 putanje protoka i usisnoj cevi 4. Prema tome, negativni pritisak se može koristiti za usisavanje rastopljenog čelika 9 koji se nalazi unutar tople peći 2. Rastopljeni čelik 9 može da protiče nagore kroz usisnu cev 4 i onda u šupljinu 51 kalupa kroz sistem 53 putanje protoka. Kada se postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska sadašnjeg pronalaska realizuje, mnoštvo šupljina 51 kalupa može biti postavljeno radi formiranja mnoštva odlivaka u isto vreme. In step c, the chamber 6 is a hollow container with an opening at the bottom. The upper end of the chamber 6 is connected to the air discharge pipe 61 in order to use a vacuum pump to extract the air inside the chamber 6 when the chamber 6 is covered on the mold 5 and the flat plate 3. Due to the air permeability of the mold 5, the air pressure inside the chamber 6 is the same as that of the mold cavity 51, the flow path system 53, and the suction pipe 4. Therefore, the negative pressure can be used to suck the molten steel. 9 located inside the hot furnace 2. The molten steel 9 can flow upwards through the suction tube 4 and then into the mold cavity 51 through the flow path system 53. When the negative pressure pull-up pouring process of the present invention is realized, a plurality of mold cavities 51 can be positioned to form a plurality of castings at the same time.

U koraku d, nakon što je rastopljeni čelik 9 otekao u šupljinu 51 kalupa, rastopljenom čeliku 9 se dopušta da stoji određeni vremenski period. Onda se, pre nego što se rastopljeni čelik 9 unutar šupljine 51 kalupa u potpunosti učvrsti a rastopljeni čelik 9 unutar kapije 54 između sistema 53 putanje protoka i šupljine 51 kalupa se učvrsti, oslobađa negativni vazdušni pritisak unutar komore 6 tako da neučvršćeni rastopljeni čelik 9 unutar sistema 53 putanje protoka može da protiče natrag u toplu peć 2. In step d, after the molten steel 9 has flowed into the mold cavity 51, the molten steel 9 is allowed to stand for a certain period of time. Then, before the molten steel 9 inside the mold cavity 51 is completely solidified and the molten steel 9 inside the gate 54 between the flow path system 53 and the mold cavity 51 is solidified, the negative air pressure inside the chamber 6 is released so that the unsolidified molten steel 9 inside the flow path system 53 can flow back into the hot furnace 2.

Nakon što se je rastopljeni čelik 9 u potpunosti otekao natrag u toplu peć 2, uklanja se komora 6 i odvaja kalup 5 od ravne ploče 3 kako bi rastopljeni čelik 9 koji se nalazi unutar kalupa 5 nastavio da se hladi. Novi kalup 5 može biti postavljen na ravnu ploču 3 radi ponovnog obavljanja sipanja. After the molten steel 9 has completely flowed back into the hot furnace 2, the chamber 6 is removed and the mold 5 is separated from the flat plate 3 so that the molten steel 9 inside the mold 5 continues to cool. The new mold 5 can be placed on the flat plate 3 to perform the pouring again.

Kao zaključak, postupak sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska sadašnjeg pronalaska ima sledeće prednosti: In conclusion, the negative pressure pull-up pouring process of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. Sadašnji pronalazak upošljava postupak povlačenja naviše putem negativnog pritiska kako bi se usisao rastopljeni čelik u šupljinu kalupa. Debljina odlivka može biti smanjena do ispod 2,5 mm. Tako mogu biti napravljeni proizvodi koji zahtevaju specijalne zahteve za odlivke sa tankom debljinom. 1. The present invention employs a negative pressure upward pull process to suck molten steel into the mold cavity. The thickness of the casting can be reduced to below 2.5 mm. Thus, products that require special requirements for castings with thin thickness can be made.

2. Sadašnji pronalazak upošljava postupak povlačenja naviše putem negativnog pritiska kako bi usisao rastopljeni čelik u šupljinu kalupa. Iako je temperatura rastopljenog čelika između 1400 - 1550°C, rastopljeni čelik ipak može glatko da protiče unutar sistema putanje protoka. Prema tome, smanjenje temperature topljenja rastopljenog čelika ne samo da može da smanji potrošnju struje kako bi se sačuvao izvor energije već i gubitak vatrostalnih materijala spojenih u rastopljeni čelik može biti smanjen a kako bi se čistoća i mehanička karakteristika odlivka mogla poboljšati. Kao rezultat, frekvencija promene vatrostalnih materijala tople peći može biti smanjena kako bi se smanjili troškovi proizvodnje. 2. The present invention employs a negative pressure upward pull process to suck the molten steel into the mold cavity. Although the temperature of the molten steel is between 1400 - 1550°C, the molten steel can still flow smoothly within the flow path system. Therefore, reducing the melting temperature of the molten steel can not only reduce the power consumption to save the energy source, but also the loss of refractory materials joined in the molten steel can be reduced and the purity and mechanical characteristics of the casting can be improved. As a result, the frequency of changing hot furnace refractories can be reduced to reduce production costs.

3. Sadašnji pronalazak dopušta neučvršćenom rastopljenom čeliku da protiče natrag u toplu peć kako bi bio korišćen u sledećem sipanju nakon što se trenutno sipanje završi. Prema tome, odnos prinosa može biti efektivno poboljšan, a troškovi povrata mogu biti ušteđeni i učinak može biti povećan. 3. The present invention allows the unsolidified molten steel to flow back into the hot furnace to be used in the next pour after the current pour is completed. Therefore, the yield ratio can be effectively improved, the return cost can be saved and the output can be increased.

4. Sadašnji pronalazak upošljava postupak povlačenja naviše putem negativnog pritiska da se usisa rastopljeni čelik u šupljinu kalupa. Prema tome, temperatura topljenja rastopljenog čelika može biti smanjena. Štaviše, kraće vreme može biti korišćen sistem putanje protoka. Nikakve nečistoće se neće pomešati sa rastopljenim čelikom dok neučvršćeni rastopljeni čelik protiče natrag u toplu peć. Shodno tome, negativni efekti na mehaničku karakteristiku čeličnih odlivaka izazvanih nečistoćama mogu biti sprečeni. 4. The present invention employs a negative pressure pull-up process to suck molten steel into the mold cavity. Therefore, the melting temperature of the molten steel can be reduced. Furthermore, a flow path system can be used for a shorter time. No impurities will mix with the molten steel as the unsolidified molten steel flows back into the hot furnace. Consequently, negative effects on the mechanical characteristics of steel castings caused by impurities can be prevented.

5. Topla peć sadašnjeg pronalaska je tipa topla peć sa kalemima za zagrevanje. Spojeni rastopljeni čelik može biti obezbeđen direktno za usisavanje koje vrši usisna cev kako bi se formirali odlivci. Prema tome, ne samo da je postupak sipanja učinjen jednostavnijim i efektivnijim, već ne postoji potreba za gvozdenom kofom i povezanom opremom a sve radi smanjenja troškova proizvodnje. 5. The hot furnace of the present invention is a type of hot furnace with heating coils. The fused molten steel can be provided directly for suction by a suction tube to form castings. Therefore, not only is the pouring procedure made simpler and more effective, but there is no need for an iron bucket and related equipment, all for the sake of reducing production costs.

Kao zaključak iz gore otkrivenog opisa, očekivani ciljevi mogu biti postignuti postupkom sipanja povlačenjem naviše putem negativnog pritiska sadašnjeg pronalaska koji ne samo da dopušta odlivcima da budu tanke debljine, već i da troškovi proizvodnje budu sniženi, da učinak može biti povećan, da proces proizvodnje može biti pojednostavljen i da kvalitet odlivaka može biti obezbeđen. As a conclusion from the above-disclosed description, the expected objects can be achieved by the negative pressure pull-up casting process of the present invention which not only allows the castings to be thin in thickness, but also that the production cost can be lowered, that the output can be increased, that the production process can be simplified and that the quality of the casting can be ensured.

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Claims

PATENT REQUESTS

1. A negative pressure pull-up casting method, characterized in that it is provided for at least one mold (5) to form at least one casting, wherein the at least one mold (5) has a mold cavity (51), a flow path system (53) and an air passage (52), wherein the mold cavity (51) and the flow path system (53) are connected to each other within the mold (5), while the air passage (52) is connected to the cavity (51) the mold and the mold (5) is a sand mold and its air passage (52) on the mold is the space between the sand grains of the sand mold; a procedure consisting of the following steps:

a. Covering the flat plate (3) with the suction pipe (4) at the upper end of the hot furnace (2), filling the hot furnace (2) with molten steel (9), and immersing the lower end of the suction pipe (4) in the molten steel (9);

b. Placing the mold (5) on the flat plate (3) to connect the system (53) of the flow path of the mold (5) to the upper end of the suction pipe (4);

c. Placing the chamber (6) over the mold (5) and the flat plate (3), extracting the air inside the chamber (6) to reduce the air pressure inside the chamber (6) and cavity (51) of the mold, in order to suck up the molten steel (9) inside the hot furnace (2) through the suction pipe (4) and to obtain the flow of molten steel (9) into the cavity (51) of the mold;

d. Releases the negative air pressure inside the chamber (6) when the molten steel (9) inside the gate (54) between the flow path system (53) and the mold cavity (51) is solidified and before the molten steel (9) inside the cavity (51) is completely solidified, so that the molten steel (9) flows inside the flow path system (53) back to the hot furnace (2) and after the molten steel (9) is within the flow path system (53) completely flow back into the hot furnace (2), removing the chamber (6) and separating the mold (5) from the flat plate (3) so that the molten steel (9) inside the mold (5) continues to cool.

2. The negative pressure pull-up pouring process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the molten steel (9) inside the hot furnace (2) is between 1400°C and 1550°C.