RS54471B1

RS54471B1 - PROCEDURE FOR CONDITIONING A HEATING METAL IN A METALLURGICAL COURT IN IRON AND STEEL METALLURGY

Info

Publication number: RS54471B1
Application number: RS20150849A
Authority: RS
Inventors: Alexander Cepak; Thomas Kollmann; Oliver Zach; Marcus Kirschen
Original assignee: Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 2013-12-02
Filing date: 2013-12-02
Publication date: 2016-06-30
Also published as: MX2016005055A; HRP20151446T1; SI2878685T1; EP2878685A1; HUE026614T2; EP2878685B1; US20160376672A1; PT2878685E; ES2559024T3; EP2878685B9; CN105705662A; WO2015082093A1; PL2878685T3

Abstract

Postupak za kondicioniranje zgure koja se nalazi na rastopljenom metalu u metalurškom sudu u metalurgiji preradi gvožđa i čelika sa sledećim koracima:1.1. Pribavljanje smeše koja sadrži magnezijum, ugljenik i aluminijum u sledećim masenim udelima:MgO: 45 do 90 mas. %;C: 12 do 40 mas. %;Al2O3: 1 do 20 mas. %;1.2. Uvođenje smeše na zguru koja se nalazi na rastopljenom metalu u metalurškom sudu.Prijava sadrži još 5 patentnih zahteva.Method for conditioning the slurry contained on molten metal in a metallurgical vessel in the metallurgy of iron and steel processing with the following steps: 1.1. Obtaining a mixture containing magnesium, carbon and aluminum in the following proportions: MgO: 45 to 90 wt. %; C: 12 to 40 wt. %; Al2O3: 1 to 20 wt. 1.2; The introduction of a mixture on the molten metal found in a metallurgical vessel. The application contains 5 more patent claims.

Description

Opis pronalaskaDescription of the invention

[0001]Pronalazak se odnosi na smešu koja sadrži magnezijum, ugljenik, i aluminijum namenjenu za uvođenje na zguru, odn. trosku koja se nalazi na rastopljenom metalu u metalurškom sudu u metalurgiji gvožđa i čelika, primenu te smeše, kao i na postupak za kondicioniranje zgure koja se nalazi na rastopljenom metalu u metalurškom sudu, na primer u konvertoru, elektrolučnoj peći ili livačkom loncu u metalurgiji gvožđa i čelika. [0001] The invention relates to a mixture containing magnesium, carbon, and aluminum intended for introduction on slag, or slag that is on the molten metal in the metallurgical vessel in iron and steel metallurgy, the application of that mixture, as well as the process for conditioning the slag that is on the molten metal in the metallurgical vessel, for example in a converter, electric arc furnace or crucible in iron and steel metallurgy.

[0002]U metalurgiji čelika i gvožđa rastopljeno sirovo gvožđe se razdvaja od nepoželjnih sastojaka pre izlivanja. [0002] In steel and iron metallurgy, molten pig iron is separated from undesirable constituents before pouring.

[0003]Ukoliko se upotrebljava konvertor, onda se kod danas najšire rasprostranjenog LD-postupka u rastopljeno sirovo gvožđe, koje se nalazi u konvertoru koji je obložen sa baznim vatrostalnim materijalom, uduvava kiseonik pomoću koplja. Ovaj proces uduvavanja kiseonika u rastopljeno sirovo gvožđe takođe je poznat kao rafinacija. Pri rafinaciji primese gvožđa, a naročito primese gvožđa u obliku ugljenika, mangana, silicijuma i fosfora oksidišu sa uduvanim kiseonikom i zajedno sa dodatim negašenim krečom obrazuju sloj zgure koji pluta na rastopljenom metalu. [0003] If a converter is used, then in today's most widespread LD-procedure, oxygen is blown into the molten pig iron, which is in the converter which is coated with a base refractory material, by means of a spear. This process of blowing oxygen into molten pig iron is also known as refining. During refining, iron admixtures, especially iron admixtures in the form of carbon, manganese, silicon and phosphorus, are oxidized with blown oxygen and, together with added quicklime, form a layer of slag that floats on the molten metal.

[0004]U elektrolučnoj peći se rastopljeni sirovi čelik proizvodi topljenjem starog gvožđa, sirovog gvožđa, rastopljenog gvožđa i/ili sunđerastog gvožđa i drugih sirovina. [0004] In an electric arc furnace, molten crude steel is produced by melting scrap iron, pig iron, molten iron and/or sponge iron and other raw materials.

[0005]Pošto rastopljeni metal koji se rafiniše u primarnom metalurškom agregatu dobije željena svojstva, onda se on izliva kroz izlivni kanal na livačkom loncu radi sekundarne metalurške prerade. [0005] Since the molten metal that is refined in the primary metallurgical aggregate acquires the desired properties, then it is poured out through the discharge channel on the crucible for secondary metallurgical processing.

[0006]Na zguru se mora ciljano uticati, odnosno ona se mora kondicionirati da bi se ostvarila željena hemijska i fizička svojstva. [0006] The slag must be influenced in a targeted manner, that is, it must be conditioned in order to achieve the desired chemical and physical properties.

[0007]Radi kondicioniranja zgure je poznato da se zguri dodaju kondicioneri za zguru da bi se mogla promeniti svojstva zgure. [0007] In order to condition the slag, it is known that slag conditioners are added to the slag in order to change the properties of the slag.

[0008]Tako se mora povećati alkalnost, odnosno maseni ili molski odnos baznih komponenata u odnosu na druge komponente zgure (koji se, na primer može izračunati prema sledećoj formuli: [xCaO+MgO] / [xSi02+AI203+ druge komponente]), koje su primarno kisele, odnosno nebazne zgure, da bi se smanjilo korozivno dejstvo zgure na baznu oblogu metalurškog suda u kome se nalazi rastopljeni metal i da bi se time smanjilo habanje obloge i produžio njen radni vek. Za ove svrhe kondicioneri za zguru imaju jednu komponentu koja povećava alkalnost, a naročito kreč, dolomitski kreč ili dolomit. Pored toga je korisno da se podesi sadržaj MgO u zguri dodavanjem kondicionera za zguru, tako da on bude u području zasićenja MgO u zguri, da bi se time smanjilo korozivno dejstvo zgure na oblogu. [0008] Thus, the alkalinity, i.e. the mass or molar ratio of the base components in relation to the other components of the slag (which, for example, can be calculated according to the following formula: [xCaO+MgO] / [xSi02+Al203+ other components]), which are primarily acidic, i.e. non-basic slags, must be increased in order to reduce the corrosive effect of the slag on the base coating of the metallurgical vessel in which the molten metal is located and to thereby reduce lining wear and extended its working life. For these purposes, slag conditioners have an alkalinity-increasing component, particularly lime, dolomite lime or dolomite. In addition, it is useful to adjust the MgO content of the slag by adding a slag conditioner, so that it is in the MgO saturation region of the slag, in order to reduce the corrosive effect of the slag on the coating.

[0009]U WO 99/05466 se, na primer, kontrolišu alkalnost i viskoznost zgure u vezi sa vatrostalnom oblogom. [0009] In WO 99/05466, for example, slag alkalinity and viscosity are controlled in connection with a refractory lining.

[0010]Dalje može biti poželjno da se viskoznost zgure podesi pomoću kondicionera za zguru. Tako je često poželjno da se viskoznost zgure tokom rafinacije smanji što je više moguće, da bi se primese gvožđa koje se oksidišu sa dovedenim kiseonikom mogle dobro vezati u zguri. Dalje tokom izlivanja ili posle izlivanja može biti poželjno da zgura ima visoku viskoznost da bi zgura koja ostane u konvertoru posle izlivanja mogla bolje da se nanese na vatrostalnu oblogu konvertora. Pomoću ovog nanetog sloja zgure se može smanjiti korozivno dejstvo rastopljenog metala na oblogu konvertora. Proces nanošenja zgure na konvertor je takođe poznat kao „održavanje" konvertora. Kod poznatih metoda održavanja konvertora se sa jedne strane radi o takozvanom „ispiranju zgurom", kod koga se zgura zakretanjem konvertora raspoređuje na izlivnoj i ulivnoj strani. Drugi metod takozvanog održavanja je „prskanje zgurom", kod koga se zgura raspršuje mehanički pomoću struje gasovitog azota iz koplja. Konačno, kod takozvanog „penjenja zgure" se zgura hemijski peni dodavanjem ugljeničnog nosača. Kod penjenja zgure se ovako penjena zgura naziva „penasta zgura". [0010] Furthermore, it may be desirable to adjust the viscosity of the slag using a slag conditioner. Thus, it is often desirable to reduce the viscosity of the slag during refining as much as possible, so that the iron impurities that are oxidized with the supplied oxygen can bind well in the slag. Furthermore, during or after pouring, it may be desirable for the slag to have a high viscosity so that the slag remaining in the converter after pouring can be better applied to the refractory lining of the converter. With this applied slag layer, the corrosive effect of the molten metal on the converter lining can be reduced. The process of applying slag to the converter is also known as "maintenance" of the converter. In the case of known methods of maintaining the converter, on the one hand, it is a matter of the so-called "slag flushing", where the slag is distributed on the outlet and inlet sides by rotating the converter. Another method of so-called maintenance is "slag spraying", where the slag is dispersed mechanically using a stream of nitrogen gas from a lance. Finally, in so-called "slag foaming" a chemical foam is slag by adding a carbon carrier. When foaming slag, the slag foamed in this way is called "foam slag".

[0011]Pored održavanja konvertora pomoću penaste zgure, ona ima i druga poželjna dejstva. Tako penasta zgura ima izolaciona svojstva, čime se sprečavaju toplotni gubici i može se uštedeti energija. Dalje, komponente metalurškog suda, u kome se nalazi rastopljeno gvožđe, mogu biti zaštićene od toplotnog zračenja pomoću penaste zgure. [0011] In addition to maintaining the converter with foam slag, it has other desirable effects. Thus, the foam slag has insulating properties, which prevents heat losses and can save energy. Furthermore, the components of the metallurgical vessel, in which the molten iron is located, can be protected from thermal radiation by means of foamed slag.

[0012]Da bi u elektrolučnoj peći došlo do penjenja zgure, ugljenik koji se dodatno uduvava u zguru sagoreva pod dejstvom kiseonika u ugljenmonoksid i tome se dobija gasoviti ugljenmonoksid koji je neophodan za penjenje. U slučaju procesa topljenja u elektrolučnoj peći penjenje sloja zgure je značajno, pošto ona povećanjem zapremine vrši zaslanjanje električnog luka, smanjuje gubitke zračenjem na zidu peći, poboljšava prenos energije na rastopljeni metal i time takođe štedi energiju. [0012] In order for the slag to foam in the electric arc furnace, the carbon that is additionally blown into the slag burns under the action of oxygen into carbon monoxide, which results in gaseous carbon monoxide, which is necessary for foaming. In the case of the melting process in an electric arc furnace, the foaming of the slag layer is significant, since by increasing its volume, it covers the electric arc, reduces radiation losses on the furnace wall, improves the transfer of energy to the molten metal, and thus also saves energy.

[0013]Polazeći od ovog stanja tehnike, pronalazak ima za cilj realizaciju kondicionera za zguru, pomoću koga se može brzo povećati alkalnost i sadržaj MgO u zguri, da bi se moglo smanjiti korozivno dejstvo zgure na vatrostalnu oblogu metalurškog suda, u kome se nalazi rastopljeni metal sa zgurom na njemu. [0013] Starting from this state of the art, the invention aims to realize a conditioner for slag, with which the alkalinity and MgO content in the slag can be rapidly increased, in order to reduce the corrosive effect of the slag on the refractory lining of the metallurgical vessel, in which there is molten metal with slag on it.

[0014]Sledeći cilj pronalaska je da se realizuje kondicioner za zguru zahvaljući kome bi se mogla ciljano podešavati viskoznost zgure. [0014] The next goal of the invention is to realize a conditioner for slag thanks to which the viscosity of the slag could be adjusted in a targeted manner.

[0015]Sledeći cilj pronalaska se sastoji u tome da se realizuje kondicioner za zguru zahvaljujući kome bi se moglo ostvariti penjenje zgure. [0015] The next objective of the invention is to realize a slag conditioner thanks to which slag foaming could be achieved.

[0016]Konačno, sledeći cilj pronalaska je da se realizuje kondicioner za zguru zahvaljujući kome bi se moglo ostvariti povećanje prinosa gvožđa u primarnom metalurškom procesu. [0016] Finally, the next objective of the invention is to realize a slag conditioner thanks to which an increase in the yield of iron in the primary metallurgical process could be realized.

[0017]Da bi se ostvario ovaj cilj, prema pronalasku je realizovana smeša, odnosno kondicioner za zguru namenjen za uvođenje na zguru koja se nalazi na rastopljenom metalu u metalurgiji gvožđa i čelika, pri čemu ta smeša sadrži magnezijum, ugljenik i aluminijum u sledećim masenim udelima: [0017] In order to achieve this goal, according to the invention, a mixture, i.e. a slag conditioner intended for introduction to the slag found on the molten metal in iron and steel metallurgy, was realized, whereby this mixture contains magnesium, carbon and aluminum in the following mass proportions:

[0018]Smeša prema pronalasku, odnosno kondicioneri za zguru prema pronalasku su podesni za uvođenje na zgure na rastopljenom metalu u nekom proizvoljnom metalurškom sudu, ali naročito za zgure u konvertorima, elektrolučnim pećima i livačkim loncima. [0018] The mixture according to the invention, that is, the conditioners for slag according to the invention are suitable for introduction to slag on molten metal in any arbitrary metallurgical vessel, but especially for slag in converters, electric arc furnaces and casting pots.

[0019]Svi ovde navedeni podaci koji su podaci u % predstavljaju podatke u mas. %, i to od ukupne mase smeše prema pronalasku. [0019] All data listed here, which are data in %, represent data in mass. %, from the total mass of the mixture according to the invention.

[0020]Udeli magnezijuma i aluminijuma u smeši prema pronalasku su izraženi kao udeli njihovih oksida MgO i Al203u smeši, kao što je uobičajeno u vatrostalnoj tehnologiji. Međutim, magnezijum, a naročito aluminijum takođe mogu, kao što je ovde navedeno, da budu prisutni u smeši prema pronalasku u drugačijem obliku od oksida, na primer, u metalnom obliku ili, što se tiče aluminijuma, u obliku karbida. [0020] The proportions of magnesium and aluminum in the mixture according to the invention are expressed as the proportions of their oxides MgO and Al 2 O 3 in the mixture, as is customary in refractory technology. However, magnesium, and especially aluminum, may also, as stated herein, be present in the composition of the invention in a form other than oxide, for example, in metallic form or, as far as aluminum is concerned, in carbide form.

[0021]Zahvaljujući udelu MgO u smeši prema pronalasku brže se ostvaruje zasićenje zgure sa MgO, tako da je smanjeno korozivno dejstvo zgure na vatrostalnu oblogu metalurškog suda u kome se nalazi rastopljeni metal. Dalje, viskoznost zgure se povećava sa povećanjem sadržaja MgO. [0021] Thanks to the proportion of MgO in the mixture according to the invention, the saturation of the slag with MgO is achieved faster, so that the corrosive effect of the slag on the refractory coating of the metallurgical vessel containing the molten metal is reduced. Furthermore, slag viscosity increases with increasing MgO content.

[0022]Magnezijum je u smeši prema pronalasku prvenstveno prisutan kao oksid, dakle u obliku MgO. Prvenstveno su udeli magnezijuma u smeši prema pronalasku prisutni isključivo u obliku MgO, a posebno poželjno u obliku sinterovanog ili rastopljenog magnezijuma. [0022] In the mixture according to the invention, magnesium is primarily present as an oxide, thus in the form of MgO. Primarily, the proportions of magnesium in the mixture according to the invention are present exclusively in the form of MgO, and especially preferably in the form of sintered or molten magnesium.

[0023]U smeši prema pronalasku MgO može biti prisutan u udelima od najmanje 45 mas. [0023] In the mixture according to the invention, MgO can be present in proportions of at least 45 wt.

%, na primer, u udelima od najmanje 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 ili 61 mas. %. Dalje, u smeši prema pronalasku MgO može biti prisutan u udelima od najviše 90 mas. %, na primer, u udelima od najviše 88, 86, 84, 82, 80, 78, 76, 74, 72, 70, 69, 68, 67, 66 , 65, 64, ili 63 mas. %. %, for example, in proportions of at least 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 or 61 wt. %. Furthermore, in the mixture according to the invention, MgO can be present in proportions of up to 90 wt. %, for example, in proportions of up to 88, 86, 84, 82, 80, 78, 76, 74, 72, 70, 69, 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, or 63 wt. %.

[0024]Pri uvođenju smeše na zguru udeo ugljenika u smeši prema pronalasku reaguje sa kiseonikom koji se nalazi u zguri dajući ugljene okside, a naročito ugljenmonoksid CO i ugljendioksid C02. Kada se smeša uvede na zguru onda se ugljenik iz smeše brzo i burno oksidiše sa udelima kiseonika u zguri, tako da se ona pri uvođenju smeše spontano zapeni. Zato dolazi do dizanja zgure, kao pri penjenju zgure, u visinu i ona pokriva vatrostalnu oblogu metalurškog suda. U elektrolučnoj peći se zahvaljujući povećanoj zapremini penaste zgure vrši delimično ili potpuno zaslanjanje zida peći od zračenja luka. Zbog povećanog sadržaja MgO, zgura istovremeno zadržava potrebnu viskoznost kako tokom, tako i posle penjenja zbog čega ostaje čvrsto zalepljena za zid. [0024] When introducing the mixture to the slag, the proportion of carbon in the mixture according to the invention reacts with the oxygen found in the slag, giving carbon oxides, especially carbon monoxide CO and carbon dioxide CO2. When the mixture is introduced to the slag, then the carbon from the mixture oxidizes quickly and violently with the oxygen content in the slag, so that it foams spontaneously when the mixture is introduced. That's why the slag rises, as during the foaming of slag, and it covers the refractory lining of the metallurgical vessel. In the electric arc furnace, due to the increased volume of foam slag, the wall of the furnace is partially or completely covered by arc radiation. Due to the increased content of MgO, the slag simultaneously retains the necessary viscosity both during and after foaming, which is why it remains firmly stuck to the wall.

[0025]Kada smeša dođe u neposredni kontakt sa rastopljenim metalom, na primer, kroz ispirač u otvoru sloja zgure, onda ugljenik iz smeše može reagovati direktno sa kiseonikom iz rastopljenog metala i izvlačiti kiseonik iz rastopljenog metala. Ovaj kiseonik koji se izvuče iz rastopljenog metala više ne mora da se odstranjuje iz rastopljenog metala pomoću sredstva za dezoksidaciju, na primer aluminijuma, u narednim koracima. [0025] When the mixture comes into direct contact with the molten metal, for example, through a scrubber in the opening of the slag bed, then the carbon in the mixture can react directly with the oxygen from the molten metal and extract oxygen from the molten metal. This oxygen extracted from the molten metal no longer needs to be removed from the molten metal by means of a deoxidizing agent, for example aluminum, in subsequent steps.

[0026]Bar deo kiseonika, sa kojim reaguje ugljenik koji potiče iz smeše prema pronalasku koja je uvedena na zguru, potiče od oksida gvožđa u zguri koji se redukuju u metalno gvožđe. Za razliku od metalnog gvožđa, oksidi gvožđa smanjuju viskoznost zgure. Pošto se dodavanjem smeše redukuje udeo oksida gvožđa u zguri, zbog toga se može povećati viskoznost zgure. Dalje, povećava se prinos gvožđa dobijenog u celokupnom procesu. [0026] At least part of the oxygen, with which the carbon originating from the mixture according to the invention that is introduced to the slag reacts, originates from the iron oxides in the slag that are reduced to metallic iron. Unlike metallic iron, iron oxides reduce slag viscosity. Since the amount of iron oxide in the slag is reduced by adding the mixture, the viscosity of the slag can therefore increase. Furthermore, the yield of iron obtained in the entire process increases.

[0027]Zahvaljujući udelu ugljenika u smeši može se ostvariti penjenje zgure. Dalje, može se povećati viskoznost zgure. Pomoću udela ugljenika u smeši se može ciljano podesiti obim penjenja zgure, kao i njena viskoznost. [0027] Thanks to the proportion of carbon in the mixture, foaming of the slag can be achieved. Furthermore, the viscosity of the slag can be increased. By means of the proportion of carbon in the mixture, the extent of foaming of the slag, as well as its viscosity, can be adjusted in a targeted manner.

[0028]Ugljenik može biti prisutan u smeši u suštini u čistom obliku, na primer, u obliku grafita ili koksa, ali takođe, na primer, kao i sjedinjen sa drugim sastojcima, na primer, udelima aluminijuma ili udelima magnezijuma u smeši. Naročito može biti predviđeno da udeli ugljenika u smeši prema pronalasku budu u delimično, uglavnom ili potpuno u obliku aluminijum karbida (AI4C3). [0028] Carbon may be present in the mixture essentially in pure form, for example, in the form of graphite or coke, but also, for example, as well as combined with other ingredients, for example, aluminum fractions or magnesium fractions in the mixture. In particular, it can be provided that the carbon content in the mixture according to the invention is partially, mainly or completely in the form of aluminum carbide (AI4C3).

[0029]U smeši prema pronalasku ugljenik je prisutan u udelima od najmanje 5 mas. %, na primer u udelima od najmanje 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 , 20, 21, 22 ili 23 mas. %. Dalje, u smeši prema pronalasku ugljenik je prisutan u udelima od najviše 40 mas. %, na primer, od najviše 38, 36, 34, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26 ili 25 mas. %. [0029] In the mixture according to the invention, carbon is present in proportions of at least 5 wt. %, for example in proportions of at least 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 or 23 wt. %. Furthermore, in the mixture according to the invention, carbon is present in proportions of up to 40 wt. %, for example, of at most 38, 36, 34, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26 or 25 wt. %.

[0030]Aluminijum može biti prisutan u smeši, obračunat kao Al203, u udelu od najmanje 1 mas. %, na primer, u udelu od najmanje 2, 3, 4 ili 5 mas. %. Dalje, aluminijum može biti prisutan u smeši, obračunat kao Al203, u udelima od najviše 20 mas. %, na primer, u udelima od najviše 18, 16, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8 ili 7 tež. %. [0030] Aluminum may be present in the mixture, calculated as Al 2 O 3 , in a proportion of at least 1 mass. %, for example, in a proportion of at least 2, 3, 4 or 5 wt. %. Furthermore, aluminum can be present in the mixture, calculated as Al203, in proportions of up to 20 wt. %, for example, in portions of up to 18, 16, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8 or 7 wt. %.

[0031]Udeo aluminijuma u smeši prema pronalasku je ovde, kao što je napred navedeno, obračunat kao Al203, pri čemu udeli aluminijuma prema pronalasku u smeši prvenstveno nisu u obliku oksida kao što je Al203, nego su prvenstveno delimično, uglavnom ili potpuno u metalnom obliku i/ili u obliku karbida, dakle kao AI4C3. [0031] The share of aluminum in the mixture according to the invention is here, as stated above, calculated as Al203, whereby the shares of aluminum according to the invention in the mixture are primarily not in the form of oxides such as Al203, but are primarily partially, mainly or completely in the form of metal and/or in the form of carbides, therefore as Al4C3.

[0032]Sve dok je u smeši prisutan aluminijum u obliku karbida, ovaj aluminijum karbid će istovremeno predstavljati nosač kako za udeo aluminijuma, tako i za udeo ugljenika u smeši. [0032] As long as aluminum in the form of carbide is present in the mixture, this aluminum carbide will simultaneously represent a carrier for both the aluminum content and the carbon content in the mixture.

[0033]Kada su ugljenik i aluminijum u smeši prisutni u obliku aluminijum karbida, onda je ova komponenta - aluminijum karbid posebno poželjna zato što i aluminijum, i ugljenik iz aluminijum karbida mogu reagovati sa udelima kiseonika iz zgure, čime se mogu redukovati oksidni sastojci zgure, a naročito oksidi gvožđa. U odgovarajućim reakcijama oksidišu udeo aluminijuma iz aluminijum karbida u Al203i udeo ugljenika iz aluminijum karbida u C02. [0033] When carbon and aluminum are present in the mixture in the form of aluminum carbide, then this component - aluminum carbide is particularly desirable because both aluminum and carbon from aluminum carbide can react with the oxygen content of the slag, which can reduce the oxide components of the slag, especially iron oxides. In the corresponding reactions, they oxidize the part of aluminum from aluminum carbide to Al203 and the part of carbon from aluminum carbide to C02.

[0034]Pošto kondicioneri za zguru iz stanja tehnike sadrže udele magnezijuma, oni ga po pravilu sadrže u obliku magnezijum karbida (MgC03), dolomita ili takođe delimično u obliku magnezijum hidroksida (Mg(OH)2). U tom pogledu je u stanju tehnike kao poželjno smatrano da se pri dolasku u kontakt ovih komponenti kondicionera za zguru sa zgurom, magnezijum karbonat razloži na magnezijum oksid i ugljendioksid, dolomit na magnezijum- i kalcijum oksid i ugljendioksid, te magnezijum hidroksid na magnezijum oksid i vodenu paru. Pri tome penjenje zgure izazivaju ugljendioksid i vodena para. [0034] Since the prior art slag conditioners contain portions of magnesium, they usually contain it in the form of magnesium carbide (MgCO 3 ), dolomite or also partly in the form of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ). In this regard, in the state of the art, it is considered desirable that upon contact of these slag conditioner components with slag, magnesium carbonate decomposes into magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide, dolomite into magnesium and calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, and magnesium hydroxide into magnesium oxide and water vapor. Carbon dioxide and water vapor cause slag foaming.

[0035]Međutim, prema pronalasku je utvrđeno da magnezijum u obliku magnezijum karbonata, dolomita ili magnezijum hidroksida dovodi do odloženog povećanja alkalnosti i sadržaja MgO u zguri. Dalje je prema pronalasku utvrđeno da se alkalnost i sadržaj MgO u zguri u suštini mogu brže i efikasnije povećati, kada se u zguru stavi magnezijum u obliku magnezijum oksida. Ukoliko se smeša prema pronalasku, za razliku od stanja tehnike, konfekcionira tako da su za povećanje alkalnosti ili sadržaja MgO u smeši predviđene samo komponente koje sadrže magnezijum, a naročito u obliku MgO, tada se penjenje zgure vrši pomoću drugih komponenata, a naročito pomoću komponenata koje sadrže ugljenik i aluminijum. Dalje, pošto se zahvaljujući kondicioneru za zguru prema pronalasku u primarni metalurški proces više ne mora dovoditi dodatni karbonat, efikasnost resursa će biti veća, što znači da su specifična potrošnja i ukupna težina kondicionera za zguru koja treba da se transportuje i uvede u zguru manje nego u stanju tehnike. Pored toga, pomoću kondicionera za zguru se mogu redukovati emisije ugljendioksida, pošto se sredstvo za formiranje zgure koje sadrži ugljenik zamenjuje sa sredstvom za formiranje zgure prema pronalasku. [0035] However, according to the invention, it was determined that magnesium in the form of magnesium carbonate, dolomite or magnesium hydroxide leads to a delayed increase in alkalinity and MgO content in the slag. Further, according to the invention, it has been found that the alkalinity and MgO content in the slag can essentially be increased more quickly and efficiently, when magnesium in the form of magnesium oxide is placed in the slag. If the mixture according to the invention, in contrast to the state of the art, is prepared so that to increase the alkalinity or the MgO content in the mixture only components containing magnesium are provided, especially in the form of MgO, then the slag foaming is done using other components, especially using components containing carbon and aluminum. Furthermore, since, thanks to the slag conditioner according to the invention, additional carbonate no longer has to be fed into the primary metallurgical process, resource efficiency will be higher, which means that the specific consumption and total weight of the slag conditioner to be transported and introduced into the slag is less than in the prior art. In addition, with the slag conditioner, carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced, since the carbon-containing slag-forming agent is replaced with the slag-forming agent according to the invention.

[0036]Prema pronalasku može biti dalje predviđeno da smeša sadrži udeo magnezijum karbonata manji od 10 mas. %, dakle, na primer, udeo manji od 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ili 0,5 mas. %. [0036] According to the invention, it can be further provided that the mixture contains a proportion of magnesium carbonate of less than 10 wt. %, so, for example, a proportion less than 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 or 0.5 wt. %.

[0037]Dalje može biti predviđeno da smeša ima udeo Mg(OH)2manji od 10 mas. %, dakle, na primer, udeo manji od 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ili 0,5 mas. %. [0037] Furthermore, it can be provided that the mixture has a proportion of Mg(OH)2 less than 10 wt. %, so, for example, a proportion less than 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 or 0.5 wt. %.

[0038]Dalje može biti predviđeno da smeša ima udeo dolomita, a naročito sirovog dolomita manji od 10 mas. %, dakle, na primer, udeo manji od 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ili 0,5 mas. %. [0038] Furthermore, it can be provided that the mixture has a share of dolomite, and in particular raw dolomite less than 10 wt. %, so, for example, a proportion less than 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 or 0.5 wt. %.

[0039]Dalje može biti predviđeno da smeša ima udeo kalcijum karbonata, odnosno krečnjaka ispod 10 mas. %, dakle, na primer, udeo manji od 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ili 0,5 mas. %. [0039] Furthermore, it can be provided that the mixture has a proportion of calcium carbonate, i.e. limestone below 10 wt. %, so, for example, a proportion less than 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 or 0.5 wt. %.

[0040]Prvenstveno je predviđeno da smeša ima relativno malu granulaciju, na primer, najmanje 70 mas. %, 80 mas. % ili najmanje 90 mas. % ili takođe 100 mas. % granulacije manje od 0,5 mm. [0040] It is primarily intended that the mixture has a relatively small granulation, for example, at least 70 wt. %, 80 wt. % or at least 90 wt. % or also 100 wt. % granulation less than 0.5 mm.

[0041]Na primer, može biti predviđeno da granulacija komponenata smeše prema pronalasku bude manja od dole navedene granulacije u navedenim masenim udelima, pri čemu smeša prema pronalasku takođe može, na primer, ispunjavati samo jedan od sledećih uslova u pogledu svoje granulacije: [0041] For example, it can be provided that the granulation of the components of the mixture according to the invention is smaller than the below-mentioned granulation in the specified mass fractions, whereby the mixture according to the invention can also, for example, fulfill only one of the following conditions regarding its granulation:

[0042]Zahvaljujući tome što smeša prema pronalasku ima jako malu prosečnu granulaciju, može se ostvariti veoma dobra i ravnomerna raspodela, a naročito brzo rastvaranje smeše u zguri. [0042] Thanks to the fact that the mixture according to the invention has a very small average granulation, a very good and even distribution can be achieved, and in particular, a quick dissolution of the mixture in the slag.

[0043]Da bi se moglo ostvariti dobro rukovanje smešom prema pronalasku uprkos ovako maloj granulaciji smeše, može biti predviđeno da smeša bude u kompaktiranom ili komprimovanom obliku, na primer, u obliku peleta. Da bi se pripremila smeša u obliku peleta, može biti predviđeno da smeša prema pronalasku, koja naročito može imati gore opisanu raspodelu granulacije, bude komprimovana u pelete bez dodavanja aditiva. Na primer, ove pelete mogu imati bademast oblik, štapićast oblik ili sferni oblik, na primer, sa maksimalnom dužinom, na primer, od 50 mm, 40 mm ili 30 mm. Pelete mogu dalje, na primer, imati minimalni prečnik od 5, 10, 15, 20 ili 25 mm. Pelete sa odgovarajućom veličinom su lake za rukovanje, mada istovremeno nisu tako male, da se posle uvođenja na zguru tamo brzo raspadnu i onda brzo može doći do izražaja prednost raspodele male granulacije prema pronalasku. [0043] In order to be able to achieve a good handling of the mixture according to the invention despite such small granulation of the mixture, it can be provided that the mixture is in a compacted or compressed form, for example, in the form of pellets. In order to prepare the mixture in the form of pellets, it can be provided that the mixture according to the invention, which in particular can have the granulation distribution described above, is compressed into pellets without the addition of additives. For example, these pellets may have an almond shape, a rod shape or a spherical shape, for example, with a maximum length of, for example, 50 mm, 40 mm or 30 mm. The pellets may further, for example, have a minimum diameter of 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 mm. Pellets with the appropriate size are easy to handle, although at the same time they are not so small that, after being introduced to the slag, they quickly disintegrate there and then the advantage of the small granulation distribution according to the invention can quickly come to the fore.

[0044]Može biti predviđeno da smeša prema pronalasku sadrži udeo kalcijum oksida (CaO), pošto se njime može dalje povećati alkalnost zgure i može se smanjiti oštećenje vatrostalne obloge metalurškog suda usled dejstva zgure. CaO u smeši ima posebno podesno dejstvo smanjivanja alkalnosti, kada odnos između CaO i Si02u smeši ne prelazi određeni nivo. [0044] It can be foreseen that the mixture according to the invention contains a proportion of calcium oxide (CaO), since it can further increase the alkalinity of the slag and can reduce the damage to the refractory coating of the metallurgical vessel due to the action of the slag. CaO in the mixture has a particularly suitable effect of reducing alkalinity, when the ratio between CaO and SiO2 in the mixture does not exceed a certain level.

[0045]Prema pronalasku je otkriveno da se alkalnost zgure može povećati pomoću CaO naročito onda kada odnos masenih udela CaO prema Si02nije manji od 0,7. Zato može biti predviđeno da odnos masenih udela CaO prema Si02u smeši prema pronalasku ne bude manji od 0,7. [0045] According to the invention, it was discovered that the alkalinity of the slag can be increased by means of CaO, especially when the ratio of mass fractions of CaO to SiO2 is not less than 0.7. Therefore, it can be predicted that the ratio of mass fractions of CaO to SiO2 in the mixture according to the invention will not be less than 0.7.

[0046]U suštini se Si02može naći u smeši prema pronalasku usled kontaminacije njenih sirovina. [0046] Basically, SiO 2 can be found in the mixture according to the invention due to contamination of its raw materials.

[0047]Može biti predviđeno da smeša kalcijum dioksida i silicijum dioksida sadrži sledeće masene udele: [0047] It can be predicted that the mixture of calcium dioxide and silicon dioxide contains the following mass fractions:

CaO: 0 do 10 mas. %, CaO: 0 to 10 wt. %,

Si02: 0 do 7 mas. %. SiO2: 0 to 7 wt.%.

[0048]CaO se može dalje nalaziti, na primer, u udelima od najmanje 0,1 ili 0,2 ili 0,5 ili 1 ili 1,5 ili 2 mas. % u smeši i, na primer, u udelima većim od 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 ili 2,5 mas. %. [0048] CaO can further be present, for example, in proportions of at least 0.1 or 0.2 or 0.5 or 1 or 1.5 or 2 wt. % in the mixture and, for example, in proportions greater than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 or 2.5 wt. %.

[0049]Si02može biti, na primer, prisutan u udelima od najmanje 0,1 ili 0,2 ili 0,5 ili 1 ili 1,5 ili 2 mas. % u smeši i, na primer, u udelima ne većim od 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 ili 2,5 mas. %. [0049] SiO 2 can be, for example, present in proportions of at least 0.1 or 0.2 or 0.5 or 1 or 1.5 or 2 wt. % in the mixture and, for example, in proportions not greater than 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 or 2.5 wt. %.

[0050]Kao što je gore navedeno, može biti predviđeno da smeša bude u obliku peleta, pri [0050] As stated above, it can be provided that the mixture is in the form of pellets, approx

čemu se smeša komprimuje bez dodavanja aditiva. Međutim, ukoliko se upotrebljavaju aditivi za komprimovanje smeše u pelete, onda može biti predviđeno da se CaO upotrebi kao takav aditiv za komprimovanje. U ovom slučaju smeša može, za razliku od gore opisanog koncepta pronalaska, kada sadrži udele CaO od najviše 10 mas. % CaO, sadržati udele do 40 mas. %. Međutim, smeša prvenstveno ne sadrži aditive za komprimovanje, tako da udeo CaO u whereupon the mixture is compressed without the addition of additives. However, if additives are used to compress the mixture into pellets, then it can be provided that CaO is used as such a compressing additive. In this case, the mixture can, in contrast to the concept of the invention described above, when it contains portions of CaO of up to 10 wt. % CaO, contain up to 40 wt. %. However, the mixture primarily does not contain additives for compaction, so the proportion of CaO in

smeši, kao što je gore navedeno, onda nije veći od 10 mas. %. mixture, as stated above, is then not greater than 10 wt. %.

[0051]Može biti predviđeno da smeša sadrži gvožđe oksid u sledećim masenim udelima: [0051] It can be foreseen that the mixture contains iron oxide in the following mass fractions:

Gvožđe oksid: 0 do 7 mas. %. Iron oxide: 0 to 7 wt. %.

[0052]Pri tome gvožđe oksid označava sumu svih oksida gvožđa u smeši, dakle naročito FeO i Fe203, ali, na primer, i Fe304 i Fe20. [0052] Iron oxide means the sum of all iron oxides in the mixture, so especially FeO and Fe2O3, but, for example, Fe3O4 and Fe2O.

[0053]Oksidi gvožđa u smeši mogu biti prisutni, na primer, u udelima od najmanje 0,1 mas. %, 0,2 mas. %, 0,4 mas. %, 0,6 mas. % ili 0,8 mas. % i, na primer, u udelima od najviše 7 mas. %, 6 mas. %, 5 mas. %, 4 mas. %, 3 mas. % 2,8 mas. % 2,6 mas. % 2,4 mas. %, 2,2 mas. % ili 2 mas. %. [0053] Iron oxides in the mixture may be present, for example, in proportions of at least 0.1 wt. %, 0.2 wt. %, 0.4 wt. %, 0.6 wt. % or 0.8 wt. % and, for example, in portions of up to 7 wt. %, 6 wt. %, 5 wt. %, 4 wt. %, 3 wt. % 2.8 wt. % 2.6 wt. % 2.4 wt. %, 2.2 wt. % or 2 wt. %.

[0054]Prema pronalasku je otkriveno da na ovde opisane poželjne efekte smeše prema pronalasku kao kondicionera za zguru može nepovoljno uticati prisustvo drugih komponenata u smeši. [0054] According to the invention it has been discovered that the desirable effects of the composition according to the invention as a slag conditioner described herein can be adversely affected by the presence of other components in the composition.

[0055]Zbog toga može biti predviđeno da smeša pored napred navedenih komponenata, dakle MgO, C, Al, AI4C3, CaO, Si02, oksida gvožđa i opciono Al203sadrži male udele drugih komponenata, na primer, udele manje od 5 mas. %, 4 mas. %, 3 mas. %, 2,5 mas. %, 2 mas. %, 1,5 mas. % ili manje od 1 mas. %. [0055] Therefore, it can be foreseen that the mixture, in addition to the aforementioned components, that is, MgO, C, Al, Al4C3, CaO, SiO2, iron oxide and optionally Al2O3, contains small proportions of other components, for example, proportions of less than 5 wt. %, 4 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 2.5 wt. %, 2 wt. %, 1.5 wt. % or less than 1 wt. %.

[0056]Na primer, može biti predviđeno da smeša sadrži udele sledećih komponenata koji su manji od dole navedenih masenih udela: [0056] For example, it can be provided that the mixture contains proportions of the following components that are smaller than the mass proportions indicated below:

[0057]Kao iznenađujuće je otkriveno da proizvodi magnezijuma-ugljenika, koji se upotrebljavaju u industriji čelika, a naročito kao habajuća obloga konvertora sa uduvavanjem kiseonika, u elektrolučnim pećima ili livačkim loncima, mogu delimično biti podesni kao sirovina za smešu prema pronalasku. U tom pogledu se kao sirovina za smešu prema pronalasku mogu upotrebiti delimično, uglavnom ili isključivo odgovarajući reciklirani proizvodi magnezijuma-ugljenika. Predmet pronalaska je dalje takođe primena recikliranih proizvoda magnezijuma-ugljenika kao sirovine za smešu prema pronalasku, odnosno primena takvih recikliranih proizvoda magnezijuma-ugljenika kao kondicionera za zguru prema pronalasku. [0057] It has surprisingly been discovered that magnesium-carbon products, which are used in the steel industry, and in particular as a wear lining of oxygen blown converters, in electric arc furnaces or casting pots, may be partially suitable as raw material for the mixture according to the invention. In this respect, suitable recycled magnesium-carbon products can be used partially, mainly or exclusively as raw material for the mixture according to the invention. The subject of the invention is further also the use of recycled magnesium-carbon products as a raw material for the mixture according to the invention, i.e. the use of such recycled magnesium-carbon products as a slag conditioner according to the invention.

[0058]Na primer, može biti predviđeno da kao sirovine za smešu prema pronalasku, pored recikliranih proizvoda magnezijuma ugljenika, budu izabrane sledeće sirovine: magnezijum (naročito sinterovani magnezijum), ugljenik (naročito grafit), korund ili aluminijum karbid. [0058] For example, it can be provided that as raw materials for the mixture according to the invention, in addition to recycled magnesium carbon products, the following raw materials are selected: magnesium (especially sintered magnesium), carbon (especially graphite), corundum or aluminum carbide.

[0059]Predmet pronalaska je dalje postupak za kondicioniranje zgure koja se nalazi na rastopljenom metalu u metalurškom sudu u metalurgiji gvožđa i čelika sa sledećim koracima: - pribavljanje ovde opisane smeše prema pronalasku; - uvođenje smeše na zguru koja se nalazi na rastopljenom metalu u metalurškom sudu. [0059] The subject of the invention is further a process for conditioning the slag that is on the molten metal in a metallurgical vessel in iron and steel metallurgy with the following steps: - obtaining the mixture described here according to the invention; - introducing the mixture to the slag that is on the molten metal in the metallurgical vessel.

[0060]Smeša može, kao što je ovde opisano, biti pribavljena, na primer, u kompaktiranom ili komprimovanom obliku, na primer, u obliku peleta. [0060] The mixture may, as described herein, be provided, for example, in a compacted or compressed form, for example, in the form of pellets.

[0061]Pribavljena smeša se uvodi na zguru i tone u nju, tako da ona tamo može da izvrši svoje dejstvo prema pronalasku. [0061] The obtained mixture is introduced onto the slag and sinks into it, so that it can perform its effect there according to the invention.

[0062]Smeša prema pronalasku je u suštini podesna kao kondicioner za zguru koji je namenjen za zgure na rastopljenom metalu u proizvoljnom metalurškom sudu, na primer, za rastopljene metale u konvertorima, elektrolučnim pećima ili livačkim loncima. Posebno je poželjno da se smeša prema pronalasku primeni kao kondicioner za zguru koji je namenjen za zgure na takvim rastopljenim metalima, koji se nalaze u metalurškom sudu sa baznom oblogom, dakle naročito sa oblogom na bazi najmanje jedne od sledećih aktivnih materija: magnezijum, magnezijum-ugljenik, dolomit ili dolomit-ugljenik. [0062] The composition according to the invention is essentially suitable as a slag conditioner intended for slags on molten metal in any metallurgical vessel, for example, for molten metals in converters, electric arc furnaces or crucibles. It is especially desirable that the mixture according to the invention is applied as a slag conditioner intended for slags on such molten metals, which are in a metallurgical vessel with a base coating, so especially with a coating based on at least one of the following active substances: magnesium, magnesium-carbon, dolomite or dolomite-carbon.

[0063]Predmet pronalaska je dalje primena ovde opisane smeše prema pronalasku za kondicioniranje zgure na rastopljenom metalu u metalurškom sudu u metalurgiji gvožđa i čelika. [0063] The subject of the invention is further the use of the mixture described here according to the invention for conditioning slag on molten metal in a metallurgical vessel in iron and steel metallurgy.

[0064]Pri tome se može vršiti primena kao što je ovde opisano. [0064] It can be applied as described here.

[0065]Sve ovde opisane karakteristike pronalaska, pojedinačno ili u kombinaciji, se mogu međusobno proizvoljno kombinovati. [0065] All the features of the invention described here, individually or in combination, can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0066]Pronalazak je dalje ilustrovan sledećim primerom izvođenja. [0066] The invention is further illustrated by the following exemplary embodiment.

[0067]U primeru izvođenja je prvo pripremljena smeša, koja je sadržala magnezijum, ugljenik i aluminijum i druge komponente u masenim udelima koji su navedeni dole u Tabeli 1. [0067] In an exemplary embodiment, a mixture was first prepared, which contained magnesium, carbon and aluminum and other components in the mass fractions listed below in Table 1.

[0068]Ugljenik je bio prisutan u smeši u obliku grafita i aluminijum karbida. [0068] Carbon was present in the mixture in the form of graphite and aluminum carbide.

[0069]Aluminijum je bio prisutan u smeši u obliku metalnog aluminijuma, kao i u obliku aluminijum karbida. [0069] Aluminum was present in the mixture in the form of metallic aluminum as well as in the form of aluminum carbide.

[0070]Kao sirovine su bili upotrebljeni isključivo reciklirani magnezijumsko-ugljenični proizvodi. [0070] Only recycled magnesium-carbon products were used as raw materials.

[0071]Smeša je bila pribavljena u obliku peleta bademastog oblika, komprimovanih bez dodatnih aditiva, sa debljinom od oko 15 mm i dužinom od oko 30 mm. [0071] The mixture was obtained in the form of almond-shaped pellets, compressed without additional additives, with a thickness of about 15 mm and a length of about 30 mm.

[0072]Raspodela granulacije smeše u peletama je data u Tabeli 2. [0072] The granulation distribution of the pellet mixture is given in Table 2.

[0073]Smeša je bila upotrebljena kao sredstvo za kondicioniranje zgure koje je namenjeno za zguru koja se nalazi na rastopljenom metalu u metalurškom sudu. Pri tome je smeša bila uvedena na zguru koja se nalazila na rastopljenom metalu. Uvođenjem smeše na zguru se može povećati njena alkalnost. Dalje, zahvaljujući udelima ugljenika, aluminijuma i aluminijum karbida u smeši se može ostvariti penjenje zgure. Na kraju se može podesiti viskozitet zgure do željenog nivoa. [0073] The mixture was used as a slag conditioner intended for slag that is on molten metal in a metallurgical vessel. In doing so, the mixture was introduced onto the slag that was on top of the molten metal. By introducing the mixture to the slag, its alkalinity can be increased. Furthermore, thanks to the proportions of carbon, aluminum and aluminum carbide in the mixture, foaming of the slag can be achieved. Finally, the viscosity of the slag can be adjusted to the desired level.

Claims

1. Procedure for conditioning the slag located on the molten metal in a metallurgical vessel in the metallurgy of iron and steel processing with the following steps: 1.1 Obtaining a mixture containing magnesium, carbon and aluminum in the following mass fractions: MgO: 45 to 90 wt. %; C: 12 to 40 wt. %; Al203: 1 to 20 wt. %; 1.2 Introducing the mixture to the slag that is on the molten metal in the metallurgical vessel.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixture contains a proportion of MgCO3 that is less than 10 wt. %.

3. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the mixture has the form of pellets.

4. The procedure according to at least one of the previous requirements, with a mixture whose granulation is at least 70 wt. % is less than 0.5 mm.

5. The method according to at least one of the previous requirements, with a mixture containing calcium dioxide and silicon dioxide in the following mass fractions: CaO: From 10 wt. %; SiO2: 0 to 7 wt. %.

6. Process according to at least one of the previous claims, with a mixture containing iron oxide in the following mass fractions: iron oxide: 0 to 7 wt. %. Published and printed by: Institute for Intellectual Property, Belgrade, Kneginje Ljubice 5