RS53561B1 - HEAT-ABSORPTION ELECTRICITY GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

Thermal absorption generator of electricity, indicated by the fact that inside the housing on extensions (19) is supported a heat collector (4) in the peripheral layer of which lines with cooled fluid (6) are arranged, while in the center there is a thermoaccumulation core (1) in which a temperature sensor (7) is placed in the central cavity surrounded by lines with heated fluid (2) of the internal cooling device (8), and where a thermoelectric coupling (3) is arranged between the inner circumference of the heat collector (4) and the outer circumference of the thermoaccumulation core (1) consists of individual thermoelements (5) that are insulated with electrically insulating, thermally non-conductive material (15), and where the electrical coupling (3) is a generator based on the Seebeck effect and which is connected to the programmable switching assembly (11) by insulated electrical lines (12) , to which the internal cooling device (8) connected via the power supply adapter (9) and the battery (10) are connected, while the output connection is of the programmer-switch assembly (11) connected connector (13) for connecting the consumer (14) of electricity. The application contains 1 independent and 8 dependent patent claims.

Description

The technical field to which it relates

The invention belongs to the field of power engineering in general, that is to generators of electricity, and it refers to a thermal energy converter that converts the thermal energy of the external environment in which it is physically located into electrical energy under the conditions of a wide temperature range of the external environment.

According to the International Classification of Patents (IPC), the designation is: H 01 L.

Technical problem

How to transform the existing thermal energy of the external environment into electrical energy without unnecessary heating of matter applied in the technical solution in thermal power plants, if we know that every matter possesses thermal energy at temperatures higher than 0 degrees Kelvin.

State of the art

The state of the art on which this invention is based is: air conditioner, refrigerator, heat pump, thermoelectric coupling, Sibeck effect, cooling elements based on the Peltie effect, thermoaccumulation furnace, power supply inverter, DC power supply voltage converter, thermal switch, temperature sensor, battery, electric switch, relay, white goods machine programmers, power supply voltage stabilizer, power supply connector, battery charger. With the technical solution applied in thermal power plants and in nuclear power plants, matter is heated in the process of obtaining electricity, which has the unfavorable consequence of pollution of the human environment, consumption of coal or nuclear fuel, and a share in global warming.

Presentation of the essence of the invention

The thermal absorption generator of electricity works on the principle of converting the thermal energy of the external environment in which it is physically located into electrical energy. The principle of operation of this type of electrical power source is in the realization of a positive feedback loop between different physical quantities, i.e. the direct electric voltage (at the output of the thermoelectric coupling obtained by the Sibeck effect) as one physical quantity and the difference in temperature (between the thermoaccumulation core and the cooled thermal collector stationed in the external environment) as another thermal quantity.

The initial start-up is performed with the electric energy of the storage battery that starts the internal cooling device, which transfers the thermal energy of the external environment from the heat collector to the thermoaccumulation core, creating an initial temperature difference between the collector and the core.

The temperature difference leads to the transformation of thermal energy into electricity in the thermoelectric coupling (by the Sibeck effect), which results in the appearance of a direct electric voltage. After the completion of the initial start-up of the thermal absorption generator, the electrical energy of the thermoelectric coupling is sufficient to take over the power supply of the internal cooling device. The electrical energy that is used from the thermoelectric coupling for the operation of the internal cooling device leads to the absorption of thermal energy from the external environment in three times the amount consumed and transfers the absorbed thermal energy to the thermoaccumulation core, increasing the temperature of the core and the temperature difference between the collector and the core. The positive energy feedback achieved in this way in the system results in an increasing amount of thermal energy in the thermoaccumulation core and an increasing temperature difference between the core and the collector. When the accumulated energy of the heat absorption generator of electricity becomes greater than the energy required for the stable operation of the internal cooling system, it is possible to take the surplus in the form of electricity to power consumers and recharge the battery. Consumers of electricity take over excess energy (the difference between the energy absorbed from the external environment and the energy required for the operation of the system) from the thermal absorption generator of electricity. If the consumers of electricity are not connected, the temperature sensor provides information about the temperature of the thermoaccumulation core to the programmable switch assembly, which, during further operation, interrupts the power supply of the internal cooling device to prevent overheating of the core. The thermal absorption generator remains in self-sustaining mode, charging the battery for initialization as needed.

Brief description of the draft images

The invention is described in detail on the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing in which:

Figure 1 - represents a cross-section of a thermal absorption generator of electricity using a variant solution of an electric generator with an internal cooling device of fluid type.

Figure 2 - represents the cross-section of the thermal absorption generator of electricity using a variant solution of the electric generator with an internal cooling device based on the principle of Pelti elements.

Figure 3 - represents the extension of the housing with the electric motor turbine of the heat absorption generator of electricity, view from the front.

Detailed description of the invention

You are welcome. 1 shows a cross-section of a heat absorption generator of electric energy of an electric generator with an internal cooling device 8 of the fluid type, which is initially driven by the electricity of the battery 10, so that with the help of the heat collector 4, the thermal energy of the external environment is conducted to the cooled fluid 6, the internal cooling device 8. The heated fluid 2, of the internal cooling device 8, transfers the thermal energy that was previously absorbed from the external environment to thermoaccumulation core 1. The energy required for the operation of the internal cooling device 8 is approximately three times less than the energy that will be transferred from the external environment to the thermoaccumulation core 1 in the same time interval. to the programming switch circuit I I code in which the switching circuit is set in such a way that the electrical voltage from the thermoelectric coupling 3 is connected to the electrical power adapter 9 which converts and stabilizes the electrical voltage according to the specifications of the power supply for the internal cooling device 8 prescribed by the manufacturer of the internal cooling device 8. The adapted electrical voltage from the power adapter 9 drives the internal cooling of the office 8. The internal cooling device 8 drives the fluid 6 and 2 by means of which the absorbed thermal energy from the external environment further increases the thermal energy of the thermoaccumulation core I. It is necessary that all parts of the internal cooling device 8 that are heated in the process of operation be thermally coupled with a thermally conductive (preferably electroconductive) material with the thermoaccumulation core 1 in order to increase the energy efficiency of the system.

The modes of operation of the thermal absorption generator of electricity are determined in the programmable switching assembly I 1 based on the DC voltage from the output of the thermoelectric coupling 3, as well as the data on the temperature of the thermoaccumulation core I that the programmable switching assembly I I receives from the temperature sensor 7.

The initial mode of operation of the thermal absorption generator of electricity is determined by the insufficient temperature difference between the thermoaccumulation core 1 and the heat collector 4, which results in insufficient electrical voltage of the thermoelectric coupling 3. In this mode of operation, the energy for starting the system comes from the accumulator battery 10, which, through the switch circuit in the programming switch assembly 11, transmits electricity to the power adapter 9, which further supplies the internal cooling device 8. By operating the internal cooling device 8, there is an increase in the difference in temperature between the thermoaccumulation core I and the heat collector 4. When this difference becomes large enough that the electrical voltage from the output of the thermoelectric coupling 3 via the programmable switching circuit 1 1 and the electrical power adapter 9 can stably supply the internal cooling device 8, the operating mode changes. In the initial mode of operation, the electrical energy consumer 14 is not connected to the system because the programmable switching circuit II did not connect it to the system.

In the autonomous mode of operation, the electrical voltage at the output of the thermoelectric coupling 3 is sufficient for the stable operation of the thermal absorption generator of electricity, but insufficient for the simultaneous supply of the consumer of electricity 14 and the charging of the accumulator battery 10. In order not to jeopardize the operation of the system in this mode, the programmable switching circuit 1 1 did not connect the consumer of electricity 14 to the system. The charging of the accumulator battery 10 was not realized in this mode either. As the electrical voltage at the output of thermoelectric coupling 3 increases, the system switches to operating mode.

In the operating mode, the electrical energy of the system enables the power supply of the electrical energy consumer 14, which is connected to the system by means of the programmable switching circuit 11. Replenishment of the storage battery 10 is also regulated by means of the programmable switch circuit II. In this mode of operation, a balanced absorption of thermal energy from the external environment with energy dissipation of the consumer 14 and the internal cooling device 8 is desirable (if there is energy dissipation of the internal cooling device 8 outside the system due to thermal coupling imperfections). In this mode of operation, the perfect energy balance is achieved in the case of equating the thermal energy absorbed from the external environment with the thermal energy dissipated by the consumer of electricity 14 as the final energy product.

The switching mode of operation occurs in the case of an energy imbalance due to greater absorption of heat energy from the external environment and less electricity that the system delivers to the consumer of electricity 14. In order not to overheat the thermoaccumulation core 1, the temperature sensor 7 gives the information about the temperature of the thermoaccumulation core 1 to the programming switch assembly 11, so the system switches to the switching mode. In this mode, there is a controlled interruption of the power supply to the internal cooling device 8. Interruption is performed by the programmable switching circuit 1 I. During the interruption, the electricity is handed over to the electricity consumer 14. This is how the thermoaccumulation core 1 cools down. Overheating of the thermoaccumulation core I could damage the internal cooling device 8. In the switching mode of operation in time intervals when the internal cooling device 8 does not receive electricity, the system behaves like a charged (thermoaccumulation) electric battery energy. Then the thermoaccumulation core 1 is filled with thermal energy to the maximum value that the system supports and at the same time the heat collector 4 is cooled. it is easy for the thermoelectric coupling 3 to have the necessary temperature difference on its physical edges to provide the necessary DC voltage on the insulated electric lines 12.

The thermoelectric coupling 3 consists of individual lermoelements 5 that are insulated with an electrically insulating and practically non-thermally conductive material 15 (including vacuum as an option). The programmable switching circuit I 1 is internally supplied with electricity from the storage battery 10. The external environment of the heat collector 4 can be air, water or. if the heat absorption electricity generator is placed under the earth's surface, earthy, rocky or sandy. In the air and water external environment, the turbo boost of the power of the heat absorption generator of electricity is provided in such a way that the water or air mass flows between the heat collector 4 and the housing extension 19 driven by the electric motor turbine 20, as illustrated in figure 3 of the drawing. It is powered by the electric motor turbine 20 and is performed within the power supply of the internal cooling device 8.

You're on. 2 shows a cross-section of a heat absorption generator of electricity using a variant solution of an electric generator with an internal cooling device 8 based on the principle of the Peltie effect, which. with the help of the heat collector 4, the heat energy of the external environment is conducted to the cooled ends of the thermoelements 17 (the cooled ends of the thermoelements 17 are those ends that are physically attached to the heat collector 4). Thermocouples 17 make up the thermoelectric coupling 18, which is an integral part of the internal cooling device 8. Thermal energy is further transferred through the thermoelectric coupling 18 to the thermoaccumulation core 1 by the Peltie effect, while the thermoelectric coupling 18 is supplied with electricity. Thermoelectric coupling 18 is made of a different combination of (two) metals (or semiconductors) compared to thermoelectric coupling 3. So that in the range of operating temperatures around the perimeters of thermoelectric couplings 3 and 18, they have different dependences of voltage changes in relation to temperature. Therefore, in order for the system to function well, thermocouples 5 need to be different (in terms of composition) from thermocouples 17 in such a way that thermoelectric coupling 3 has a more pronounced Sibeck effect and thermoelectric coupling 18 a more pronounced Pelti effect in the operating temperature range of the thermoaccumulation core 1 and heat collector 4.

The initial mode of operation is determined by the programmable switching circuit I I based on the measurement of the voltage from the output of the thermoelectric coupling 3, when that voltage is in the range from zero volts to the voltage which, with DC/DC conversion, will be sufficient to provide a stable direct current through the thermoelectric coupling 18 (that is, the power supply of the internal cooling device 8). In the initial operating mode, the storage battery 10 via the programmable switching circuit 11 feeds the power supply adapter 9, which further provides the necessary direct current through the thermoelectric coupling 18. The thermoelectric coupling 18 passes thermal energy from the thermal collector 4 to the thermoaccumulation core 1 through the Pelti effect. The thermoelectric coupling 18 now accumulates the heat energy received from the outside in the thermoaccumulation core 1. The temperature of the thermoaccumulation core 1 begins to rise due to the accumulation of thermal energy, thus creating a temperature difference between the thermoaccumulation core 1 and the heat collector 4, which further results in an electric voltage on the insulated electrical lines 12 of the thermoelectric coupling 3. When the voltage on the insulated electrical lines 12 reaches the required intensity, the system switches from of the initial in the autonomous mode of operation.

In the autonomous mode of operation, the programmable switching circuit 11, based on the magnitude of the voltage from the output 12 of the thermoelectric coupling 3, switches the adapted power supply of the thermoelectric coupling 18 from the accumulator barrier 10, as the initial source of electricity, to the isolated electric lines 12 of the thermoelectric coupling 3.

The thermoelectric coupling 3 consumes the heat energy of the thermoaccumulation core I to power the thermoelectric coupling 18, which, further, by positive energy feedback increases the thermal energy of the thermoaccumulation core I even more, adding to it thermal energy from the external environment to a greater extent than it is spent on the operation of the thermoelectric coupling 18. In order to ensure this effect, a careful selection of the combination of pairs of metals or semiconductors is necessary to make the thermoelectric coupling 3 with one and thermoelectric coupling 18 on the other hand. Therefore, the thermoelectric coupling 3 must have the most pronounced Seebeck effect and the least Peltie effect, and the thermoelectric coupling 18 the most pronounced Peltie effect and the least Sibeck effect in the operating temperature ranges of the thermoaccumulation core 1 and the heat collector 4. When the temperature of the thermoaccumulation core I and the temperature difference between the thermoaccumulation core I and the heat collector 4 increase further, the magnitude of the electric voltage at the output of the thermoelectric coupling 3 increases. absorbing thermal energy from the outside space increases the energy of the generator, so the generator can export the difference between the energy it will absorb in the following period of time and the energy required for the operation of the system (including the energy to recharge the accumulator battery 10) in that same period of time (operating mode period) to the electricity consumer 14.

The operating mode follows the autonomous mode of operation based on the magnitude of the electrical voltage of the thermoelectric coupling 3, so that the programmable switching circuit I I from the insulated electric lines 12 of the thermoelectric coupling 3 forwards the electrical voltage to the connector 13 for powering the consumer of electrical energy 14. Replenishment of the storage battery is also regulated by the programmable switching circuit 1 1. In this operating mode, a balanced absorption of thermal energy from the external environment with dissipation is desirable energy of the consumer 14 and the possible consumption of energy for charging the battery 10. Perfect energy balance would be achieved in the case of equating the heat energy absorbed from the external environment by the heat collector 4 with the heat energy dissipated by the consumer of electricity 14 as the final energy product (when the battery 10 has already been charged). In order to prevent overheating of the thermoaccumulation core I, the temperature sensor 7 gives the information about the maximum permissible temperature of the thermoaccumulation core I to the programming switch assembly 11, so the system switches to the switching mode of operation.

In the switching mode of operation in time intervals when the thermoelectric coupling 18 does not receive electricity, the system behaves as a charged (thermoaccumulation) accumulator of electricity. Then the thermoaccumulation core 1 is filled with heat energy up to the maximum value that the system supports and at the same time the heat collector 4 is cooled, so that the thermoelectric coupling 3 has the necessary temperature difference according to its physical perimeters to provide the necessary DC voltage on the insulated electrical lines 12 for powering the electricity consumer 14 and (if necessary) charging the storage battery 10. The external environment of the heat collector 4 can be air, water or, if the heat absorption electricity generator is placed under the earth's surface, earthy, rocky or sandy. In the air and water external environment, the turbo boost of the power of the heat absorption generator of electricity is provided in such a way that the water or air mass flows between the heat collector 4 and the housing extension 19 driven by the electric turbine 20, as illustrated in figure 3 of the drawing.

The power supply of the electric motor turbine 20 is carried out within the internal cooling device 8. The thermal absorption generator of electricity in the variant solution of the electric generator with an internal cooling device (8) of the Pelti type has a significantly larger operating temperature range compared to the temperature range of the operation of the thermal absorption generator of electricity in the variant solution of the electric generator with an internal fluid type cooling device.

Claims (10)

1. Thermal absorption generator of electricity, indicated by the fact that inside the housing on the extensions (19) rests a heat collector (4) in the peripheral layer of which lines with cooled fluid (6) are arranged, while in the center is located a thermoaccumulation core (1) in the central cavity of which a temperature sensor (7) is placed, surrounded by lines with heated fluid (2) of the internal cooling device (8), and where between the inner circumference of the heat collector (4) and the outer circumference of the thermoaccumulation core (1) a thermoelectric coupling (3) is arranged, which consists of individual thermoelements (5) that are insulated with an electrically insulating, thermally non-conductive material (15), and where the electrical coupling (3) is a generator based on the Seebeck effect and which is connected by insulated electrical lines (12) to the programmable switching circuit (11), to which the internal cooling device (8) connected via adapter (9) of the electric power supply and the accumulator battery (10), while the connector (13) for connecting the consumer (14) of electricity is connected to the output connections of the programmer-switch assembly (11). 2. Heat absorption generator of electricity, according to claim 1, in the variant of the heat absorption generator of electricity with an internal cooling device (8) of fluid type, with the indication that the cooled fluid (6) of the internal cooling device (8) transfers the thermal energy of the external environment taken over the heat collector (4) as a heated fluid (2) to the thermoaccumulation core (1) so that the required temperature difference between the thermoaccumulation core (1) is obtained and the heat collector (4) via the thermoelectric coupling (3), by the Seebeck effect, generates an electric voltage on the insulated electric lines (12) which is fed to the programmer-switch assembly (11) which supplies the internal cooling device (8) via the adapter (9) of the electric power supply. 3. Heat absorption generator of electricity according to patent claim 1 in the variant of the heat absorption generator of electricity with an internal cooling device (8) of the Peltier type, characterized by the fact that a heat collector (4) is supported inside the housing on extensions (19) in the center of which is located a thermal storage core (1) in the central cavity of which a temperature sensor (7) is placed and where between the inner circumference of the thermal of the collector (4) and the outer circumference of the thermoaccumulation core (1), a thermoelectric coupling (3) is arranged, which consists of individual thermoelements (5) that are insulated with electrically insulating, thermally non-conductive material (15), and where the electrical coupling (3) is a generator based on the Seebeck effect and which thermoelectric coupling (3) is connected to the programmable switching circuit (11) by insulated electrical lines (12); and where between the inner circumference of the heat collector (4) and the outer circumference of the thermoaccumulation core (1) a thermoelectric coupling (18) is arranged, which consists of individual thermoelements (17) that are insulated with electrically insulating, thermally non-conductive material (16), and where the electrical coupling (18) is a generator based on the Peltier effect, wherein the thermocouple (18) is an integral part for powering the internal cooling device (8) which is connected through the power adapter (9) to the programmer switch assembly (11), to which the accumulator battery (10) is connected and where the connector (13) for connecting the consumer (14) of electricity is connected to the output connections of the programmer switch assembly (11). 4. Heat absorption generator of electricity in the variant of the heat absorption generator of electricity with an internal cooling device (8) of the Peltier type, according to claim 3, characterized in that the thermoelectric coupling (18) as a circuit within the internal cooling device (8) is initially supplied with electricity from the battery (10), whereby the temperature difference created by the Peltier effect between the thermoaccumulation core (1) and the heat collector (4) is supplied to the thermoelectric coupling (3), which supplies the electric voltage generated by the Seebeck effect via insulated electrical lines (12) to the programmer-switch assembly (11), from where, via the adapter (9), the internal cooling device (8) is supplied with electricity, whereby the internal cooling device (8) increases the heat energy of the thermoaccumulation core (1), which further increases the electrical energy of the thermoelectric coupling (3), which is transmitted to the programmer-switch assembly (11) which supplies and consumer (14) of electricity and recharges the battery (10). 5. Thermal absorption generator of electricity according to the previous claims, characterized in that the thermoaccumulation core (1) is made with longitudinal lines for the flow of heated fluid (2). 6. Thermal absorption generator of electricity according to the previous requirements, indicated by the fact that the hot side of the internal cooling device (8) through which the heated fluid (2) passes is thermally coupled to the thermoaccumulation core (1), while the cold side of the internal cooling device (8) through which the cooled fluid (6) passes is thermally coupled to the heat collector (4). 7. Thermal absorption generator of electricity according to the previous requirements, indicated by the fact that the protection against overheating of the thermoaccumulation core (1) is performed by the temperature sensor (7) sending data about the temperature of the thermoaccumulation core (1) to the programmer-switch assembly (11), so when the temperature of the thermoaccumulation core (1) reaches the upper limit of the working temperature range, the programmer-switch assembly (11) temporarily stops the power supply to the internal cooling device (8) while do not reduce the temperature of the thermoaccumulation core (1). 8. Thermal absorption generator of electricity according to the previous requirements, indicating that the programmer-switch assembly (11) in the first, initial mode, realizes a continuous electrical connection between the accumulator battery (10) and the adapter (9) of the electrical supply; then in the second, autonomous mode, it creates a continuous electrical connection between the insulated electrical lines (12) and the adapter (9) of the electrical supply; and in the third, working mode, it simultaneously achieves continuous electrical connections between the insulated electrical lines (12) and the adapter (9) of the electrical supply, the connection between the insulated electrical lines (12) and the connector (13) for supplying the consumer (14) with electricity, as well as the connection for the controlled charging of the accumulator battery (10); then in the fourth, switching mode, it achieves a discontinuous electrical connection between the insulated electric lines (12) and the adapter (9) of the electric power supply, simultaneously with a continuous connection between the insulated electric lines (12) and the connector (13) for supplying the consumer (14) with electricity, as well as the connection for the controlled replenishment of the accumulator battery (10). 9. Heat absorption generator of electricity according to the previous requirements, indicated that the turbo boost of the power of the heat absorption generator in external environments such as air and water, with an electric turbine (20) ensures the flow of air and water current inside the housing around the heat collector (4) supported on extensions (19). 10. The process of absorption of thermal energy from the surrounding environment and conversion into electricity for powering the consumer (14) of electricity in the thermal absorption generator of electricity according to the previous requirements is indicated by the fact that it takes place in four modes of operation, whereby in the first, initial, mode of operation, the thermal absorption generator of electricity starts with electricity from the battery (10) and electricity absorbed from the environment by the heat collector (4); in the second, autonomous, mode of operation, the heat absorption generator of electricity absorbs heat energy from the surrounding environment with the heat collector (4) and concentrates it in the thermoaccumulation core (1); in the third, working mode, the heat absorption generator of electricity absorbs heat energy from the surrounding environment with a heat collector (4) and supplies the consumer (14) with electricity, and at the same time replenishes the battery (10) with electricity; while in the fourth, switching mode, it discontinuously absorbs heat energy from the surrounding environment with a heat collector (4) and continuously supplies the consumer (14) with electricity, and at the same time it replenishes the accumulator battery (10) with electricity in a controlled manner.