RS52333B - DESIGNED BUILDING BLOCK - Google Patents

Abstract

Molded building block (1) in Latin cross-section H shaped, molded as a building block for partition and interior walls, which is a block (1) made of brick material (concrete, brick, dried earth-tiles, etc.). as a whole with two sides (2a and 2b) of elongated, parallel-positioned, parallelepiped forms joined in the middle by a transverse portion (3) of parallelepiped shape, the front (outer) side (2a) and the rear (inner) side (2b) ) made straight, characterized in that the front (outer) side (2a) and the back (inner) side (2b) of the block (1) are made with a layer (2a1) of extended mortar on the front, or with a layer (2b1) of extended plaster on the back.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

Shaped building block belongs to the field of construction, namely building elements in the form of blocks for general building structures that are built from layers of different materials that are poured into a carrier material, and that have a general overall shape different from the shape of a parallelepiped, and that are used to make walls, partition walls, facade walls, etc., that have cavities, both between and in the elements, where the walls are created simply by stacking shaped building blocks, according to the invention, one over the other so that they by fitting the molded parts, it stabilizes the position, whereby individual cavities can be filled with supporting columns.

(Int.Cl<8>.:E04C 1/41 (20U 01); E 04B 2/50 (20110,); E 04B 2/44 (201101 >; E 04B 2/52 (20" 01))

TECHNICAL PROBLEM

The shaped building block, according to the invention, is a new product for the construction of walls that solves the problem of creating a basic building element used for the simple construction of the walls of building structures, by stacking and connecting these basic building elements, which with its new shape and construction of the front and back sides solves the problem of easier construction of walls, both internal and partition, and in the variant with special layers on the front (facade) and back (interior) sides, it also solves the problem of achieving simpler construction of facade walls and reduces their construction costs. By using shaped building blocks, according to the invention, good heat and sound insulation of the walled spaces is achieved, and also solves, simplifies and cheapens the problem of installing and mounting wall electrical, plumbing and other installations by pulling them through the cavities without the need for subsequent punching and breaking of the walls (the so-called scrambling).

When building facades using slabs of natural or artificial stone, ceramics, or blocks made of bricks or for finishing using other building materials, it is most often necessary to mount a scaffold in front of the facade, while using a shaped building element, according to the invention, no scaffolding is needed, because the shaped building blocks on one side (external) have a side made of facade material resistant to weather conditions (polluted air, rain, snow, etc.). and then these blocks are simply arranged row by row, one on top of the other, while the spaces between them are filled with mortar or some other binding material, until the completion of the facade wall, which, depending on the choice of material, can be of different colors and shades so that by applying the blocks according to the invention, facades with different visual appearances can be obtained.

For the production of partition or internal walls, according to the invention, in the variant for internal construction, the blocks can be made so that both sides are made of natural healthy material (bricks or extended plaster), so as they are simply stacked row by row, one on top of the other, while the gaps and contact surfaces are filled with mortar or some other binding material, the finished partition or internal wall does not require further processing, because both sides are made flush with the layer extended mortar ie. as a plastered wall (ready for plastering and plastering).

The inner side of the shaped building block, according to the invention, can be made flat with a layer of extended plaster, ie. as a plastered wall (as in the case of a block for interior construction), and shaped outlets can also be made that create series of grooves on the wall so that wall electrical, plumbing and/or other installations can be easily installed or mounted inside these grooves, which solves, simplifies and lowers the cost of installing and mounting wall electrical, plumbing and other installations without the need for subsequent drilling and breaking of finished walls (so-called screeding).

Consideration and the problem of making these shaped building blocks, which was solved by making the blocks in question using natural available materials: earth (tile), brick (brick), or concrete by simply casting in molds, in dimensions that depend on building standards, (but it is possible to adjust the dimensions to the special requirements of the user), whereby a simple, relatively cheap, aesthetically beautiful and functional product was obtained for a fast, cheaper (even up to 75% of the previously used elements), and simpler construction of walls, partition walls, interior walls, facade walls, etc.

STATE OF THE ART

It is known that today there is a whole range of different building blocks on the market, whereby they can be divided into some main categories: concrete blocks, light blocks, insulating blocks and so on. hybrid blocks. Pure concrete blocks are partly made as hollow blocks, i.e. blocks with cavities that are simply stacked on top of each other, and can be built without using mortar, so that their cavities match, and then metal reinforcement is placed in the cavities and filled with concrete mass. Walls made in this way are mostly irregular in shape and not insulated. These walls are most often used as retaining walls.

Light blocks are built in the traditional way, with mortar, and are very widespread as basic building materials for building residential houses or for making partition walls in buildings with frame concrete structures. These blocks are also performed as hybrid blocks when they are performed in layers, some of which are layers of insulating material, which achieves better thermal insulation of the space inside the walls made of these blocks.

All these well-known building blocks are usually made in the form of elongated parallelepipeds of smaller dimensions (e.g. bricks or blocks) or in the form of square parallelepipeds (e.g. half a brick, half a block, etc.) and are made either as full elements or as elements with various cavities from materials that are commonly used for making bricks or blocks, i.e. from clay, various types of mixtures of clay and other types of soil, cement, even from glass and so on.

Blocks made as parallelepiped elements with various outlets and corresponding cavities on the opposite sides are also known, in order to ensure a solid connection between the blocks and to create a stable wall. ,

A well-known solution is "Building block, especially of heavy or light concrete", shown in the German patent file DE 832195 C 05.12.1951 (Erwin RUNKWITZ) in which a building block with a cross-section of a double T (joined T and inverted T) with the upper and lower sides of the same length as the transverse joint is shown, and by which the walls of these blocks are built and by placing them on top of each other so that they serve as joints formwork, the cavities of which are filled in order to achieve the strength of the walls. The solutions for the corner block are also shown, as well as for the connection of the block made by supplementing the U-shaped half of the block in the cross-section with the same U profile of the half of the double T block so that a rectangular cavity is formed on one side of it. The main disadvantage of this block is that the side ends of the upper and lower sides are of a thinner section than the section of these sides in the middle of the block, so the formwork at the points where these sides meet are thinner, so it may happen that the formwork in those places, i.e. the walls of these blocks crack when the cavities of the walls are filled with concrete, due to the weight of the concrete and the speed of its pouring into those cavities. The disadvantage of these blocks is that the installations are filled in the concrete mass, so access to the installations is difficult or impossible without additional breaking of the walls and patching after replacing part or the entire installation.

Polish patent file PL 163789 BI 31.05.1994 "Hollow building block for building walls" (Janusz TOMCZYK) is a hollow flat prismatic multi-layered block, the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation material and where two such blocks are placed as walls in parallel at constant distances, which are achieved by transverse crossed and only transverse metal connecting rods, creating a hollow passage between these walls, which as a whole, it represents a building block, according to this solution. This hollow block has on the outer vertical sides a trapezoidal groove on one side and a corresponding trapezoidal outlet on the opposite side so that the blocks are joined by the outlet of one block entering the groove of the adjacent block thus creating a tight joint. The disadvantage of these blocks is that they are not made as a single unit, so during their construction, the distance between the side walls may not be parallel, which creates uneven wall surfaces during construction.

Published PCT Application WO 2005/033429 Al 14,08.2005 "Construction method involving the application by formwork of cast concrete blocks comprising one or two H-shapes for pile structures" GAOUSSOU Traore of Mali shows pile blocks (adobe) of a natural building material made of sand, clay, water and addition of fibrous or organic materials (reeds, straw, and/or garbage) which they are shaped into bricks in a mold made of a frame, which are dried in the sun. The blocks according to this solution are made as an H shape or a 2H shape, they have beveled edges of the side walls, which are used to grip each other. The cavities of the walls built with these blocks are filled with charge, which is one of the main disadvantages because the walls built with these blocks are extremely sensitive to damage during earthquakes. The H block made according to this solution has a transverse branch that expands at the point of connection with the side walls, creating a trapezoidal reinforcement of the joint, in contrast to the solution in question, where the transverse branch is also parallelepiped.

Shaped building blocks, constructions according to the invention have eliminated some observed shortcomings of known solutions and realized a simple, relatively cheap, aesthetically beautiful and imaginatively shaped and functional product for making walls, interior walls, partition walls, facade walls, etc. from a material that is healthy and suitable for mass production in dimensions determined by construction standards (or in smaller series in dimensions determined by the user), and suitable for use in the construction of all types of walls, interior walls, partition walls, with particular advantages for the production of facade walls, where the facades are finished immediately after construction, and at the same time the interior wall is finished as a plastered wall (ready for plastering and plastering) because the inner layer is made of extended plaster.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The previously described solutions of building blocks also had some shortcomings that were improved and eliminated with each new type of building blocks, but they became more and more complex and required more complex procedures for their production. The previously observed and defined problems were solved at each level of development of building blocks and finally led to a new solution of a shaped building block of simple construction according to this invention, which will be described and explained in the following text.

The shaped building block is constructed in the shape of the Latin letter H in cross-section, so that as a whole it is made of two sides in the form of elongated, parallel parallelepipeds that are joined in the middle part, where in the variant for facade blocks, the front (outer) side is made with a flat surface that is hemmed downwards, while the lower edge of the same front side is made with a discharge in the form of a three-sided prism. The back (inner) side can be made either flat with a layer of extended plaster, as a plastered wall (ready for plastering and plastering), or with two quadrangular parallelepiped outlets.

The shaped building block, construction according to the invention, is shown in the attached pictures, where: Figure 1 shows a general axonometric view of the new construction of the shaped building block, according to this invention in a variant with two quadrangular parallelepiped outlets;

Fig. 2 shows a side view, viewed from the direction A shown in Fig. 1, of a shaped building block according to the present invention;

Figure 3 shows the appearance of a wall realized by applying a shaped building block according to the invention;

Figure 4 shows a spatial view of a corner element made with a downward beveled flat surface along the upper outer edge of the outer sides of the corner block and a corresponding discharge of the lower edge of the same sides;

Figure 5 shows a top view of the wall constructed around the supporting column.

Figure 6 shows a general axonometric view of a new construction of a molded building block, according to the present invention in a variant with flat sides used for the construction of partition and interior walls;

In the general view in Figure 1, we see the subject shaped building block 1, which in cross-section is constructed in the form of the Latin letter H, so that as a whole it is made of two sides 2a and 2b in the form of elongated, parallel parallelepipeds that are connected in the middle part by a cross section 3, where the front (outer) side 2a is made hemmed with a flat surface 5 beveled downwards, while the lower the edge of the same front side 2a made with a discharge 6 in the form of a three-sided prism. The back (inner) side 2b is made either straight as a plastered wall (ready for plastering and plastering), and/or with two quadrangular parallelepiped outlets.4, made of natural material (bricks, dried earth-tiles, etc.), which are filled in the back (inner) side 2b, while the front facade layer la is made as a facade panel, made of natural or artificial stone, ceramics or other facade materials, filled in a layer of natural available materials: earth (crcrpić), bricks (bricks), or concrete, i.e. from the material from which the front page 2a is made.

Figure 2 shows the appearance, as seen from the direction A shown in Figure 1, of the side of the molded building block 1, according to the present invention;

Figure 3 shows the appearance of the wall realized by the application of the shaped building block 1 according to the invention, in a front view, from the facade side, where it can be seen that in the event of heavy rain hitting the facade, and in the event that water penetrates into the space between the individual blocks, according to the invention, due to the downwardly beveled flat surfaces 5 of the shaped building block, according to the invention, on which they rest, like tiles, the downwardly extending drains 6 of the upper shaped building block would lead to the point that the water flows down the facade, and does not enter the wall itself, which represents another advantage of the subject invention.

Figure 4 shows the spatial appearance of the shaped corner block 8 within the inventive idea of a building block which is made of two parallelepiped parts placed at right angles with a flat surface 5 beveled downwards along the upper outer edge of the corner block 8, and a corresponding outlet 6 of the lower edge of the same sides.

Fig. 5 shows a top view of the wall constructed around the supporting column S so that the application of a shaped corner block 8 made of two parallelepiped parts placed at right angles with a downwardly beveled flat surface 5 along the upper outer edge of the corner block 8 can be seen. In the same picture, the shaped building block 9 is also seen which is made as an incomplete subject shaped building block 1 in that the front (outer) side is made as a whole 2a, while the back (inner) page 2b is rendered incomplete, i.e. only with one whole quadrangular parallelepiped outlet 4, and a part of the second quadrangular parallelepiped outlet 4, i.e. with the part of the arm above the transverse side 3 removed.

In Figure 6, we see the subject shaped building block 1 in the variant for partitions and internal walls, which in cross-section is constructed in the form of the Latin letter H, so that as a whole it is made of two sides 2a and 2b in the form of elongated, parallel placed, parallelepipeds that are connected in the middle part by a transverse part 3, where the front (outer) side 2a and the back (inner) side 2b are made straight if block made of brick material or in the case that it is made of some other natural material (concrete, dried soil-tiles, etc.), then by making layers of 2 layers on the front side, or 2 layers on the back side of extended mortar, a ready-made partition or internal wall is obtained that immediately looks like a plastered wall (ready for plastering and plastering).

Putting a functional equivalent in place on page 2b of shaped building block 1, as well as substituting any other shape that is not described and shown in the images in the subject application, e.g. that the drops 4 are shaped like some other geometric shape, e.g. flat roller or to place more than two outlets 4 on the inner side 2b of the shaped building block 1 or to provide openings on the parallel sides 2a, 2b or on the transverse page 3, is within the scope of the inventive idea and would represent only a variant solution of the shaped building block structure according to the invention.

Claims (1)

1. Molded building block (1) in the cross-section shape of the Latin letter H, cast in a mold as a building block for partitions in internal walls, so that the block (1) is made of brick material (concrete, brick, dried soil-tiles, etc.), as a whole with two sides (2a and 2b) in the form of elongated, parallel parallelepipeds that are joined in the middle part by the cross part (3) of the shape parallelepiped, where the front (outer) side (2a) and the back (inner) side (2b) are made straight, indicated by the fact that the front (outer) side (2a) and the back (inner) side (2b) of the block (1) are made with a layer (2al) of extended plaster on the front side, that is, with a layer (2bl) of extended plaster on the back side.