RS20070389A

RS20070389A - Method and apparatus for sewage water treatment using the biological activating system

Info

Publication number: RS20070389A
Application number: RSP-2007/0389A
Authority: RS
Inventors: Jan Topol
Original assignee: Jan Topol
Priority date: 2006-10-04
Filing date: 2007-10-01
Publication date: 2009-07-15
Also published as: BG109696A

Abstract

Invention refers to a method for biological treatment of sewage waters and the apparatuses for carrying out herewith described method, using pumping of the rough water from the levelling tank to the activation tank and backward, depending on the level of rough water in the levelling tank. Hydraulic force of rough water pump increases in liters per second with the increase of the level in the levelling tank, and backward, decrease of the water level reduces the hydraulic force. When it achieves the minimal level in the levelling tank, pumping of the rough water temporarily interrupts, and it lasts as long as the level in the levelling tank becomes equal with the operating force.

Description

POSTUPAK I UREDJAJ ZA BIOLOŠKO PREČIŠĆAVANJEPROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION

OTPADNIH VODAWASTEWATER

Oblast tehnike u koju spada pronalazak Technical field to which the invention belongs

Pronalazak se odnosi na postupak i uredjaj za biološko prečišćavanje otpadnih voda sa korišćenjem sistema aktiviranja za aktiviranje mulja u količini koja je pogodna naročito za male kućne prečistače. The invention relates to a procedure and a device for the biological purification of waste water with the use of an activation system for activating sludge in an amount that is suitable especially for small household purifiers.

Poznato stanje tehnike Prior art

Biološko prečišćavanje otpadnih voda obuhvata korišćenje aktiviranog mulja koji predstavlja smešu raznih bakterija i sitnih mikroorganizama. Ovaj mulj zahteva za život svojih organizama hranljive materije sadržane u otpadnim vodama, a uzimanjem tih hranljivih materija iz otpadnih voda vrši se njihovo čišćenje. Proces aktiviranja se može izvesti isključivo uz dovoljno dodavanje kiseonika, što se obično rešava dovodom vazduha do posude za aktiviranje. Dosad poznate posude za aktiviranje prečišćavanja otpadnih voda u pomenutoj količini, obično se dele na sisteme sa kontinualnim protokom kroz posudu za aktiviranje, i na sisteme sa polukontinualnim protokom. U kontinualnom sistemu se otpadne vode posle grubog prečišćavanja dovode do posude za aktiviranje, a kada je voda očišćena, odvodi se zajedno sa aktiviranim muljem u posudu za završnu obradu. U toj posudi dolazi do izdvajanja mulja koji je teži od vode, a čista voda otiče sa površine posude za završnu obradu do odliva iz uredjaja za prečišćavanje. Biological wastewater treatment includes the use of activated sludge, which is a mixture of various bacteria and tiny microorganisms. This sludge requires the nutrients contained in the waste water for the life of its organisms, and by taking these nutrients from the waste water, they are cleaned. The activation process can only be carried out with sufficient addition of oxygen, which is usually solved by supplying air to the activation vessel. Previously known vessels for activating waste water purification in the mentioned quantity are usually divided into systems with continuous flow through the activation vessel, and systems with semi-continuous flow. In the continuous system, the waste water after rough purification is brought to the activation vessel, and when the water is cleaned, it is drained together with the activated sludge into the final treatment vessel. In that vessel, sludge is separated, which is heavier than water, and clean water flows from the surface of the vessel for final treatment to the outflow from the purification device.

U polukontinualnom sistemu otpadne vode se dovode do posuda za aktiviranje ciklički, obično iz prethodno pripremljene posude za izjednačavanje. Posle punjenja posude za aktiviranje počinje ciklus prečišćavanja koji se završava prekidanjem prečišćavanja taloženjem mulja na dnu posude za aktiviranje i na kraju izvlačenjem očišćene vode do odvoda. Po pražnenju posude za aktiviranje ciklus je završen a sledeći počinje ponovnim punjenjem posude za aktiviranje. U ovom slučaju sistem nema posudu za završnu obradu. In a semi-continuous system, wastewater is fed to the activation vessels cyclically, usually from a previously prepared equalization vessel. After filling the activation vessel, the purification cycle begins, which ends with the interruption of the purification by sedimentation of the sludge at the bottom of the activation vessel and, finally, with the extraction of the purified water to the drain. After emptying the activation container, the cycle is finished, and the next one begins by refilling the activation container. In this case, the system does not have a finishing container.

Kod malih kućnih uredjaja za prečišćavanje dotok otpadnih voda je neravnomeran i pri tome je njihov kvalitet različit. Zbog toga je pogodno da se ispred sopstvenog uredjaja za prečišćavnje postavi posuda za izjednačavanje koja služi za prihvatanjc isprekidanih dotoka, za homogenizaciju otpadnih voda a obično i za prihvatanje grubih nečistoća i njihovih usitnjenih komadića. Neophodna veličina (obim posude za izjednačavanje) odredjena je maksimalnim dozvoljenim protokom sledeće posude za aktiviranje i gornjom površinom i obimom posude za završnu obradu. Posuda za završnu obradu se obično podešava na optimalni ili maksimalni dozvoljeni dotok, kada još ne dolazi do izbacivanja mulja iz posude za završnu obradu do odvoda iz uredjaja za prečišćavanje. Predložene vrednosti zavise koliko od veličine i konstrukcije posude za završnu obradu, toliko i od sedimentacionih osobina mulja i kreću se u prilično širokim granicama. Poznati načini čišćenja otpadnih voda sa posudom za izjednačavanje u kojoj se akumuliraju otpadne vode koje se potom ravnomerno prepumpavaju do posude za aktiviranje, dovode pri optimalnom protoku do opterećenja posude za završnu obradu. Ovi rešenje uopšte ne koristi mogućnosti opterećivanja kod povećanja priticanja otpadnih voda u posudu za završnu obradu za kratko na maksimalno dozvoljeno proticanje, pa se zato mora istovremeno da postavi suviše velika posuda za izravnjavanje. In the case of small household purification devices, the inflow of waste water is uneven and, at the same time, its quality is different. For this reason, it is convenient to place an equalization container in front of the own purification device, which is used to receive intermittent inflows, to homogenize waste water, and usually also to receive coarse impurities and their crushed pieces. The required size (equalization vessel volume) is determined by the maximum allowable flow of the next activation vessel and the surface area and volume of the finishing vessel. The finishing vessel is usually adjusted to the optimum or maximum allowable inflow, when the sludge is not yet ejected from the finishing vessel to the drain from the treatment plant. The suggested values depend as much on the size and construction of the finishing vessel as on the sedimentation properties of the sludge and range within fairly wide limits. Known ways of cleaning waste water with an equalization vessel in which waste water accumulates, which is then evenly pumped to the activation vessel, leads to the loading of the finishing vessel at the optimal flow rate. This solution does not use the loading possibilities when increasing the flow of waste water into the finishing vessel for a short time to the maximum allowed flow, and therefore a too large leveling vessel must be installed at the same time.

Suština pronalaska The essence of the invention

Napred navedeni nedostatci otklanjaju se postupkom za čišćenje otpadnih voda prema pronalasku, kod koga se otpadne vode bez prethodnog grubog mehaničkog čišćenja dovode do samostalnog priticanja u posudu za izjednačavanje, koja zamenjuje uredjaj za grubo prethodno čišćenje i ujedno ima funkciju posude za izjednačavanje i egalizaciju u kojoj se vrši homogenizacija otpadnih voda. Tokom čišćenja, otpadne se vode pumpanjem prevode iz posude za izjednačavanje u posudu za aktiviranje u kojoj se vrši odvajanje biološki aktivnog mulja od očišćene vode, koja se voda odvodi iz uredjaja za prečišćavanje ili na peščani filter, ukoliko je ugradjen kao treći stepen prečišćavanja. Deo za izjednačavanje u posudi za aktiviranje obično je minimalan, ili ga uopšte nema, ukoliko posuda za aktiviranje obrazuje sa posudom za aktiviranje spojene sudove, tako da je protok kroz posudu za završnu obradu odredjen snagom pumpe za grubu vodu, koja pumpa prebacuje otpadnu vodu iz posude za izjednačavanje do posude za aktiviranje. The aforementioned shortcomings are eliminated by the process for cleaning waste water according to the invention, in which waste water without prior rough mechanical cleaning is led to flow independently into the equalization vessel, which replaces the device for rough pre-cleaning and at the same time has the function of equalization and equalization vessel in which waste water is homogenized. During cleaning, waste water is pumped from the equalization vessel to the activation vessel where biologically active sludge is separated from the purified water, which water is drained from the purification device or to the sand filter, if it is installed as the third stage of purification. The equalization section in the activation vessel is usually minimal, or absent at all, if the activation vessel forms with the activation vessel connected vessels, so that the flow through the finishing vessel is determined by the power of the rough water pump, which pumps the wastewater from the equalization vessel to the activation vessel.

Suština pronalaska se zasniva na tome, da se otpadna voda pumpa do posude za aktiviranje u zavisnosti od količine priticanja do posude za izjednačavanje. To znači da se kod povećanog priticanja otpadnih voda povećava i prepumpana količina, izražena na primer u l/s i, ukoliko se intenzitet priticanja smanjuje, smanjuje se i količina vode prepumpane do posude za aktiviranje. Pošto se veličina priticanja otpadnih voda do uredjaja za prečišćavanje može izraziti merenjem nivoa vode u posudi za izjednačavanje, jer se sa pojačanim priticanjem povećava i nivo vode, snaga pumpe za grubu vodu, koja prepumpa vodu iz akumulacione posude do posude za aktiviranje, reguliše se merenjem nivoa vode u posudi za izjednačavanje. Sa povećanjem nivoa povećava se i snaga (u l/s) pumpe za grubu vodu, dok se sa opadanjem nivoa smanjuje i snaga pumpe za grubu vodu. Na taj način je optimalno korišćen kako biološki kapacitet posude za aktiviranje, tako i hidraulički kapacitet posude za završnu obradu. To omogućuje da se konstruišu uredjaj i sa manjom posudom za izjednačavanje kod priticanja. Po pravilu se otpadne vode zadržavaju u posudi za aktiviranje od 5 do 20 časova, tako da su ta vremena obično duža od vremena trajanja povećanih priticanja do uredjaja za prečišćavanje. To znači da je u posudi za aktiviranje dovoljna rezerva očišćene vode da bi se moglo kratkotrajno povećati proticanje kroz posudu za aktiviranje bez opasnosti da dodje do pogoršanja kvaliteta na odvodu. To važi i za sedimentacione osobine mulja, koje se osobine kod kratkotrajnog opterećenja ne pogoršaju toliko da bi kod povećanog proticanja u posudi za završnu obradu dolazilo do njegovog izbacivanja do odvoda. Bitno je to, da do većeg opterećenja posude za aktiviranje i posude za završnu obradu dolazi u kratkom vremenskom periodu (na primer jednom dnevno u trajanju od jednog časa), a kod sledećeg sniženja nivoa u posudi za izjednačavanje dolazi postepeno do smanjenja priticanja do posude za aktiviranje tako da je u posudi za aktiviranje dovoljno vremena za obradu organskih nečistoća (regeneracija mulja) a time i za pripremu za sledeće kratkotrajno preopterećen] e. The essence of the invention is based on the fact that wastewater is pumped to the activation vessel depending on the amount of flow to the equalization vessel. This means that with an increased inflow of wastewater, the pumped quantity, expressed for example in l/s, also increases and, if the inflow intensity decreases, the amount of water pumped to the activation vessel also decreases. Since the amount of waste water inflow to the purification device can be expressed by measuring the water level in the equalization vessel, because with increased inflow the water level also increases, the power of the rough water pump, which pumps water from the accumulation vessel to the activation vessel, is regulated by measuring the water level in the equalization vessel. As the level increases, the power (in l/s) of the rough water pump increases, while as the level decreases, the power of the rough water pump decreases. In this way, both the biological capacity of the activation vessel and the hydraulic capacity of the finishing vessel were optimally used. This makes it possible to construct the device with a smaller vessel for equalizing the flow. As a rule, wastewater is retained in the activation vessel from 5 to 8 p.m., so these times are usually longer than the duration of increased inflows to the purification device. This means that there is a sufficient reserve of purified water in the activation vessel to be able to increase the flow through the activation vessel for a short time without the risk of quality deterioration at the drain. This also applies to the sedimentation properties of sludge, which properties do not deteriorate so much during short-term loading that, with increased flow in the finishing vessel, it would be ejected to the drain. It is important that the higher load of the activation vessel and the finishing vessel occurs in a short period of time (for example, once a day for one hour), and when the level is lowered in the equalization vessel, the flow to the activation vessel gradually decreases, so that there is enough time in the activation vessel to process organic impurities (sludge regeneration) and thus to prepare for the next short-term overload] e.

U posudi za izjednačavanje meri se nivo vode, jer je bitno za način prečišćavanja otpadnih voda prema pronalasku, da li su vrednosti nivoa vode minimalne, radne ili maksimalne. Kod opadanja nivoa vode na minimum, prekida se aktivacioni proces u posudi za aktiviranje i istovremeno se prekida prepumpavanje otpadnih voda iz posude za izjednačavanje do posude za aktiviranje. Pošto se količina prepumpane vode smanjuje sa smanjenjem nivoa vode u posudi za izjednačavanje (minimalna pumpana količina predstavlja oko 10% maksimalnog proticanja posude za aktiviranje kod maksimalnog nivoa u posudi za izjednačavanje), smatra se da je kod opadanja vode u celoj posudi za izjednačavanje na minimalni nivo prošlo dovoljno vremena za regeneraciju mulja i da je moguće privremeno prekinuti aktivacioni proces. Ukoliko nivo vode u posudi za izjednačavanje naraste na visinu radnog nivoa, čime je signalizovano priticanje otpadnih voda, obnavlja se aktivacioni proces povezan sa prepumpavanjem otpadnih voda i sa njihovim odvodom iz uredjaja za prečišćavanje. Vreme izmedju prekida i ponovnog obnavljanja aktivacionog procesa obično se koristi za skidanje mulja iz posude za aktiviranje i za čišćenje posude za završnu obradu, eventualno za čišćenje peščanog filtra, ukoliko je ugradjen iza odvoda iz posude za završnu obradu kao uredjaj za potpuno čišćenje otpadnih voda. Dostizanje maksimalnog nivoa vode signališe oštećenje uredjaja za prečišćavanje, bilo zbog poremećaja pumpe, bilo zbog dostizanja graničnih vrednosti snage pumpe za grubu vodu s obzirom na dozvoljeno proticanje u posudi za završnu obradu. The water level is measured in the equalization tank, because it is important for the method of wastewater treatment according to the invention, whether the water level values are minimum, working or maximum. When the water level drops to a minimum, the activation process in the activation vessel is interrupted and at the same time the pumping of wastewater from the equalization vessel to the activation vessel is stopped. Since the amount of pumped water decreases with the decrease of the water level in the equalization vessel (the minimum pumped amount represents about 10% of the maximum flow of the activation vessel at the maximum level in the equalization vessel), it is considered that when the water in the entire equalization vessel drops to the minimum level, enough time has passed for sludge regeneration and that it is possible to temporarily stop the activation process. If the water level in the equalization container rises to the height of the working level, which signals the inflow of waste water, the activation process associated with the pumping of waste water and its discharge from the purification device is renewed. The time between interruption and resumption of the activation process is usually used to remove sludge from the activation vessel and to clean the finishing vessel, possibly for cleaning the sand filter, if it is installed behind the drain from the finishing vessel as a device for complete wastewater cleaning. Reaching the maximum water level signals damage to the treatment device, either due to pump malfunction, or due to reaching the power limits of the rough water pump given the allowable flow in the finishing vessel.

Aktiviran uredjaj za biološko prečišćavanje otpadih voda sa aktiviranim muljem u količini prema pronalasku sastoji se od posude za izjednačavanje sa priticanjem otpadnih voda, od posude za aktiviranje, posude za završnu obradu, skupljačem mulja i, obično, sa peščanim filtrom za potpuno prečišćavanje otpadnih voda. U posudu za izjednačavanje smešten je uredjaj za provetravanje za puštanje vode i senzor nivoa vode. Iz ove se posude otpadne vode posle grubog prethodnog prečišćavanja šalju pumpom do posude za aktiviranje, pri čemu se protok pumpom postepeno povećava sa porastom nivoa vode u posudi za izjednačavanje, i, obrnuto, proticanje se smanjuje ukoliko se nivo u posudi za izjednačenje snižava. Kod dovoda vazduha u konstantnoj količini i pod konstantnim pritiskom, vazdušna pumpa automatski i neprekidno povećava dopumpanu količinu vode tako da smanjuje razliku nivoa vode izmedju posude za izjednačavanje i posude za aktiviranje, to jest, smanjuje se dovod vode. Vazdušna je pumpa zaštićena od zagušivanja filtrom za grube nečistoće koji na donjem delu nema otvore, tako da je u stanju mirovanja, kada se posuda za izjednačavanje ne provetrava, sprečeno priticanje aktivacionog mulja do pumpe za grubu vodu. Time je osigurana dovoljna količina aktivacionog mulja za biološku degradaciju grubih nečistoća u fazi provetravanja posude za izjednačavanje. U posudi za aktiviranje dolazi do biološkog čišćenja otpadnih voda aktiviranim muljem. Smeša očišćene vode i aktiviranog mulja kreće se do posude za završnu obradu, obično pod dejstvom vazdušne pumpe, gde se mulj vraća kroz otvor u dnu posude za završnu obradu do posude za aktiviranje, a odvojena voda odlazi do odvoda. Na odvodu može biti i gravitacioni peščani filter za potpuno prečišćavanje otpadnih voda od ostataka mulja. U sklopu uredjaja za prečišćavanje obično se nalazi samostalni provetravani skupljač taloga, koji se provetrava u fazi provetravanja posude za aktiviranje. Posuda za aktiviranje dalje obuhvata pumpu za odvajanje mulja aktiviranjem kako bi se održavale optimalne količine mulja u posudi za aktiviranje. Ova se pumpa pušta u pogon za vreme prekida provetravanja u posudi za aktiviranje, tj. kod opadanja nivoa vode u posudi za izjednačavanje na minimalnu vrednost. Dotok do pumpe je smešten iznad dna posude za aktiviranje na visini koja je neophodna za održavanje optimalne količine aktivnog mulja. Pumpa se pušta u pogon ili u trenutku provetravnja posude za izjednačavanje, ili po isteku vremena neophodnog za taloženje mulja u posudi za aktiviranje. Dovod do pumpe postavljen je iznad dna pumpe za aktiviranje koja je neophodna za osržavanje optimalne količine aktivnog mulja. Pumpa se pušta u pogon u trenutku provetravanja posude za izjednačavanje, ili po isteku vremena neophodnog za taloženje mulja u posudi za aktiviranje. The activated device for the biological treatment of waste water with the amount of activated sludge according to the invention consists of an equalization vessel with the inflow of waste water, an activation vessel, a final treatment vessel, a sludge collector and, usually, a sand filter for complete purification of the wastewater. An aeration device for releasing water and a water level sensor are placed in the equalization vessel. From this vessel, the waste water after rough pre-treatment is sent by pump to the activation vessel, whereby the flow through the pump gradually increases with the increase of the level of water in the equalization vessel, and, conversely, the flow decreases if the level in the equalization vessel is lowered. When supplying air in a constant quantity and under constant pressure, the air pump automatically and continuously increases the amount of water pumped in so as to reduce the difference in water level between the equalization vessel and the activation vessel, that is, the water supply is reduced. The air pump is protected from clogging by a filter for coarse impurities, which has no openings on the lower part, so that in the idle state, when the equalization vessel is not ventilated, the activation sludge is prevented from reaching the rough water pump. This ensures a sufficient amount of activated sludge for the biological degradation of coarse impurities in the aeration phase of the equalization vessel. Biological cleaning of wastewater with activated sludge takes place in the activation vessel. The mixture of cleaned water and activated sludge moves to the finishing vessel, usually under the action of an air pump, where the sludge is returned through an opening in the bottom of the finishing vessel to the activation vessel, and the separated water goes to the drain. There can also be a gravity sand filter on the drain for complete purification of waste water from sludge residues. As part of the purification device, there is usually an independent aerated sediment collector, which is aerated during the aeration phase of the activation vessel. The activation vessel further includes an activation sludge separation pump to maintain optimal amounts of sludge in the activation vessel. This pump is put into operation during the interruption of aeration in the activation vessel, i.e. when the water level in the equalization vessel drops to a minimum value. The inlet to the pump is located above the bottom of the activation vessel at a height necessary to maintain the optimum amount of activated sludge. The pump is put into operation either at the moment of aeration of the equalization vessel, or after the time necessary for sludge settling in the activation vessel has expired. The feed to the pump is placed above the bottom of the activation pump, which is necessary to maintain the optimal amount of activated sludge. The pump is put into operation at the moment of aeration of the equalization vessel, or after the expiration of the time necessary for the sedimentation of the sludge in the activation vessel.

Za vreme priticanja otpadnih voda do posude za izjednačavanje, nivo je vode u posudi za izjednačavanje iznad odredjenog minimalnog nivoa. Za to vreme se odvojena otpadna voda prepumpava do posude za aktiviranje i ujedno se odvija odvod očišćene vode iz uredjaja za prečišćavanje. Tada se prekida prepumpavanje grube vode do posude za aktiviranje a istovremeno počinje provetravanje posude za izjednačavanje. Uobičajeno tehničko rešenje sastoji se u tome, što se koristi jedan kompresor kao izvor vazduha i posredstvom trokrakog električnog ventila prenosi se vazduh do dva sistema, jednog za provetravanje posude za izjednačavanje, i drugog za provetravanje posude za aktiviranje. Kada se dostigne granični nivo u posudi za izjednačavanje, prekidač ventila sa plovkom prebaci trokraki električni ventil i počne isporuka vazduha do sistema za provetravanje posude za izjednačavanje dok se istovremeno prekida dovod vazduha do sistema za provetravanje posude za aktiviranje. Vreme trajanja provetravanja posude za izjednačavanje odredjeno je bilo vremenskim prekidačem, bilo dostizanjem podešenog pogonskog nivoa. Pogonski nivo se postiže bilo priticanjem grubih otpadnih voda, bilo prethodno prečišćene vode iz posude za aktiviranje koja je u tačno odredjenoj količini pumpana zajedno sa suvišnim muljem do skupljača mulja, a gde se mulj taloži dok se ostatak vode pod dejstvom gravitacije preliva do posude za izjednačavanje. During the flow of wastewater to the equalization tank, the level of water in the equalization tank is above the specified minimum level. During this time, the separated waste water is pumped to the activation vessel and at the same time the cleaned water is drained from the purification device. Then the pumping of rough water to the activation vessel is stopped and at the same time the aeration of the equalization vessel begins. A common technical solution consists in using one compressor as an air source and by means of a three-way electric valve, air is transferred to two systems, one for ventilating the equalization vessel, and the other for aerating the activation vessel. When the threshold level in the equalization vessel is reached, a float valve switch switches the three-way solenoid valve and begins supplying air to the equalization vessel venting system while simultaneously cutting off air to the actuation vessel venting system. The duration of aeration of the equalization vessel was determined either by a time switch or by reaching the set operating level. The driving level is achieved either by the inflow of coarse wastewater or pre-purified water from the activation vessel, which is pumped in a precisely determined amount together with the excess sludge to the sludge collector, where the sludge settles while the rest of the water overflows under the influence of gravity to the equalization vessel.

Glavne prednosti ovog tehničkog rešenja uredjaja za biološko prečišćavanje aktiviranim muljem u količini koja, osim jednostavnog načina regulisanja opterećenja posude za aktiviranje i posude za završnu obradu u zavisnosti od hidrauličkog opterećenja i pouzdane likvidacije grubih nečistoća, takodje osigurava automatsko odvajanje mulja u posudi za aktiviranje, denitrisanje vode vode nitrisane u aktivacionom stepenu njenim postepenim prepuštanjem preko skupljača mulja do posude za izjednačavanje sa deficitom kiseonika, a sem toga se istovremeno postiže izuzetno visok kvalitet vode za odvod kod postavljanja peščanog filtra kao trećeg stepena čišćenja. Peščani filtar se prečišćava provetravanjem u fazi provetravanja posude za provetravanje kada ne prilazi do odvoda vode iz uredjaja za prečišćavanje. Voda zaprljana od ispiranja pešćanog filtra vraća se u posudu za izjednačavanje gde se ponovo vrši njeno provetravanje. Peščani filter nije obavezni deo uredjaja za prečišćavanje, ali se ugradjuje tamo gde su povećani zahtevi za kvalitet otpadne vode. Primenom svih ovih elemenata prečišćavanja u jednom uredjaj u dobij a se proizvod velike upotrebne vrednosti koji ispunjava zahteve za veliku pouzdanost a sa minimalnim zahtevima za održavanje i opsluživanje. To isto tako važi i za varijantu sa peščanim filtrom kada se zahteva maksimalni kvalitet vode na odvodu. The main advantages of this technical solution of the device for biological treatment with activated sludge in an amount which, in addition to the simple way of regulating the load of the activation vessel and the final treatment vessel depending on the hydraulic load and the reliable liquidation of coarse impurities, also ensures automatic separation of sludge in the activation vessel, denitrification of nitrated water in the activation stage by its gradual release through the shrinking sludge to the vessel for equalization with oxygen deficit, and at the same time it is achieved extremely high quality of drain water when installing a sand filter as the third stage of cleaning. The sand filter is purified by aeration in the aeration phase of the aeration vessel when it does not approach the water drain from the purification device. Dirty water from washing the sand filter is returned to the equalization tank where it is aerated again. The sand filter is not a mandatory part of the purification device, but it is installed where the requirements for the quality of waste water are increased. By applying all these purification elements in one device, a product of great utility value is obtained that meets the requirements for high reliability and with minimal requirements for maintenance and servicing. This also applies to the version with a sand filter when maximum water quality is required at the drain.

Kratak opis slika crteža Brief description of the drawing images

Na priloženim crtežima prikazano je jedno od mogućih tehničkih rešenja uredjaja za prečišćavanje prema pronalasku. The attached drawings show one of the possible technical solutions of the purification device according to the invention.

- slika 1 prikazuje horizontalnu projekciju uredjaja za prečišćavanje, - picture 1 shows a horizontal projection of the purification device,

- slika 2 prikazuje tehnološku šemu kod pogonskog nivoa u posudi za izjednačavanje, a - slika 3 prikazuje tehnološku šemu kod dostizanja minimalnog nivoa u posudi za izjednačavanje. - Figure 2 shows the technological scheme at the operating level in the equalization vessel, and - Figure 3 shows the technological scheme when reaching the minimum level in the equalization vessel.

Legenda na slikamaLegend on the pictures

01 posuda za izjednačavanje 01 equalization vessel

02 posuda za aktiviranje 02 activation container

03 posuda za završne radove 03 container for finishing work

04 skupljač mulja 04 sludge collector

05 peščani filtar 05 sand filter

06 vod za priticanje otpadnih voda 06 line for inflow of waste water

07 vazdušna pumpa za grubu vodu 07 air pump for rough water

08 filtar za grube nečistoće 08 filter for coarse impurities

09 prekidač sa plovkom za minimalni nivo u posudi za izjednačavanje 10 pogonski nivo u posudi za izjednačavanje 09 float switch for the minimum level in the equalizing tank 10 operating level in the equalizing tank

11 maksimalni nivo aktiviranog mulja 11 maximum level of activated sludge

12 uredjaj za provetravanje u posudi za izjednačavanje 12 aeration device in equalization vessel

13 uredjaj za provetravanje u posudi za aktiviranje 13 aeration device in the activation vessel

14 uredjaj za provetravanje u posudi za završne radove 14 aeration device in the container for finishing works

15 vazdušna pumpa za odvajanje mulja 15 air pump for sludge separation

16 vazdušna pumpa za ploveće nečistoće u posudi za završne radove 16 air pump for floating impurities in the finishing container

17 cilindar za odstranjivanje gasova 17 cylinder for removing gases

18 odvod izdvojene vode 18 separated water drain

19 provetravanje posude za završne radove 19 venting the vessel for finishing works

20 uredjaj za provetravanje skupljača mulja 20 device for airing the sludge collector

21 prelivanje muljevite vode 21 overflowing muddy water

22 pesak za filtriranje 22 filter sand

23 medjudno 23 internodes

24 brizgaljke za filtriranje 24 filter nozzles

25 brizgaljke za provetravanje 25 nozzles for aeration

26 sigurnosno prelivanje vode 26 safety overflow of water

27 odvod prečišćene vode 27 purified water drain

28 odvod filtrirane vode 28 filtered water drain

29 kompresor 29 compressor

30 trokraki električni ventil 30 three-way electric valve

31 električni komutacioni uredjaj 31 electrical switching device

32 sistem provetravanja posude za aktiviranje 32 activation vessel ventilation system

33 sistem provetravanja posude za izjednačavanje 33 aeration system of equalization vessel

34 vazdušna pumpa za odvajanje mulja iz peščanog filtra 34 air pump for separating sludge from the sand filter

35 maksimalni nivo u posudi za izjednačavanje 35 maximum level in the equalization vessel

Detaljan opis jednog načina izvodjenja pronalaska Detailed description of one mode of carrying out the invention

Aktivatorski uredjaj za prečišćavanje otpadnih voda prema slikama 1, 2 i 3, sastoji se od posude 1 za izjednačavanje, posude 2 za aktiviranje, posude 3 za završne radove, skupljača 4 mulja i peščanog filtra 5. U posudi 1 za izjednačavanje smešten je dovod 6 otpadnih voda, vazdušna pumpa 7 za grubu vodu, filtar 8 za grube nečistoće, koji ima dotok grube vode iznad maksimalnog nivoa 11 aktiviranog mulja, prekidač minimalnog nivoa sa plovkom 9, prekidač pogonskog nivoa sa plovkom 10, uredjaj 12 za provetravanje i uredjaj 26 za sigurnosno prelivanje sa odvodom 27 očišćene vode. U posudi 2 za aktiviranje smešten je uredjaj 13 za provetravanje, vazdušna pumpa 14 za završne radove, vazdušna pumpa 15 za odvajanje mulja, vazdušna pumpa 16 za ploveče nečistoće u posudi za izjednačavanje. U posudi 1 za izjednačavanje smešten je cilindar 17 za odstranjivanje gasova, odvod 18 izdvajane vode i uredjaj 19 za provetravanje posude za završne radove. Skupljač 4 mulja opremljen je uredjajem 20 za provetravanje i uredjajem 21 za prelivanje muljevite vode. Peščani filtar 5 sadrži pesak 22 za filtriranje, medjudno 23, brizgaljke 24 za provetravanje, odvod 28 za filtriranu vodu, gravitacioni (ili sa neprikazanom pumpom). Uredjaj za prečišćavanje prema slikama 1 i 2 ima kompresor sa trokrakim električnim ventilom 30 (ili dva kompresora bez električnog ventila) ili kompresor 29 sa dva direktna električna ventila koji dele vazdušne cevi na dva samostalna sistema. Jedan sistem za provetravanje posude 1 za izjednačavanje i drugi sistem za provetravanje posude 2 za aktiviranje. Uredjaj za prečišćavanje dalje sadrži jedan jednostavan orman sa električnim komunikacionim uredjajem 31 za upravljanje električnim uredjajem 21 za upravljanje električnim ventilom 30 u zavisnosti od nivoa vode u posudi 1 za izjednačavanje. The activator device for wastewater treatment according to Figures 1, 2 and 3, consists of a vessel 1 for equalization, vessel 2 for activation, vessel 3 for finishing works, sludge collector 4 and sand filter 5. In vessel 1 for equalization there is a supply of waste water 6, an air pump 7 for rough water, a filter 8 for coarse impurities, which has an inflow of rough water above the maximum level 11 activated sludge, minimum level switch with float 9, operating level switch with float 10, device 12 for ventilation and device 26 for safety overflow with drain 27 of cleaned water. In the vessel 2 for activation, there is a device 13 for aeration, air pump 14 for finishing works, air pump 15 for sludge separation, air pump 16 for floating impurities in the equalization vessel. In the vessel 1 for equalization, there is a cylinder 17 for removing gases, a drain 18 of separated water and a device 19 for ventilating the vessel for finishing works. Sludge collector 4 is equipped with device 20 for aeration and device 21 for overflowing sludge water. Sand filter 5 contains sand 22 for filtering, intermediate 23, nozzles 24 for aeration, drain 28 for filtered water, gravity (or with pump not shown). The purification device according to figures 1 and 2 has a compressor with a three-way electric valve 30 (or two compressors without an electric valve) or a compressor 29 with two direct electric valves that divide the air pipes into two independent systems. One aeration system for vessel 1 for equalization and another system for aeration of vessel 2 for activation. The purification device further contains a simple cabinet with an electrical communication device 31 for controlling an electrical device 21 for controlling an electrical valve 30 depending on the level of water in the vessel 1 for equalization.

Otpadne vode pritiču vodom 6 do posude 1 za izjednačavanje u kojoj je trenutno nivo vode veći od minimalnog nivoa odredjenog prekidačem 9 sa plovkom. Trokraki električni ventilator 30 usmerava vazduh do sistema 32 za provetravanja posude 2 za aktiviranje. Sistem 32 za provetravanje posude 2 isporučuje istovremeno vazduh pogonu vazdužne pumpe 7 grube vode, vazdužne pumpe 14 uredjaja 3 za završne radove, uredjaja 13 za provetravanje posude posude 2 i uredjaja za provetravanje skupljača 20 mulja. U posudi 1 za izjednačavanje talože se pri dnu teže čestice iz otpadne vode, ploveće nečistoće ostaju na nivou površine a prethodno očišćena otpadna voda protiče kroz otvore filtra 8 za proticanje grubih nečistoće ka vazdušnoj pumpi 7 za grubu vodu, koja pumpa prebacuje grubu vodu do posude 2 za aktiviranje. Posuda 2 za aktiviranje se provetrava pri čemu dolazi do mešanja sa aktivnim muljem a potom i do biološkog prečišćavanja otpadne vode. Smeša očišćene vode i aktiviranog mulja prepumpava se vazdušnom pumpom 14 posude za završne radove do posude 3 za završne radove a preko cilindra 17 za uklanjanje gasova. Mulj, koji je teži od vode, pada do otvara na dnu posude 3 za završne radove i zatim propada natrag do posude 2 za aktiviranje. Izdvojena voda ulazi u odvod 18 koji ide do peščanog filtra 5, odnosno do čiste vode iz uredjaja 27 za prečišćavanje, ukoliko taj uredjaj nije opremljen peščanim filtrom. Waste water flows through water 6 to equalization vessel 1, in which the water level is currently higher than the minimum level determined by switch 9 with a float. A three-bladed electric fan 30 directs air to the venting system 32 of the vessel 2 for activation. The system 32 for aerating the vessel 2 simultaneously supplies air to the drive of the air pump 7 of rough water, the air pump 14 of the device 3 for finishing works, the device 13 for aerating the vessel 2 and the device for aerating the sludge collector 20. In vessel 1 for equalization, heavier particles from waste water settle at the bottom, floating impurities remain at surface level, and previously cleaned waste water flows through filter openings 8 for the flow of coarse impurities to air pump 7 for rough water, which pump transfers rough water to vessel 2 for activation. Vessel 2 for activation is aerated, whereupon mixing with activated sludge and then biological purification of waste water occurs. The mixture of cleaned water and activated sludge is pumped by the air pump 14 of the container for finishing works to the container 3 for finishing works and through the cylinder 17 for removing gases. Sludge, which is heavier than water, falls to the opening at the bottom of the finishing vessel 3 and then sinks back to the activation vessel 2. The separated water enters the drain 18, which goes to the sand filter 5, that is, to the clean water from the purification device 27, if that device is not equipped with a sand filter.

Kod nedovoljnog priticanja otpadnih voda dolazi do pada nivoa vode u posudi 1 za izjednačavanje sve do nivoa prekidača 9 sa plovkom minimalnog nivoa, koji kod ovog stanja daje naredbu za prebacivanje trokrakog električnog ventila 30 ili na dva neprikazana električna ventila, ili na dva samostalna neprikazana kompresora. Time se zatvara dovod vazduha pod pritiskom do sistema 32 za provetravanje posude 2 za aktiviranje i ujedno se otvara dovod vazduha do sistema 33 za provetravanje posude 1 za izjednačavanje. Kod ove faze funkcionisanja uredjaja za prečišćavanja prema pronalasku, završava se prepumpavanje izdvojene grube otpadne vode iz posude 1 za izjednačavanje do posude 2 za aktiviranje posredstvom vazdušne pumpe 7 za grubu vodu a ujedno se posuda 1 za izjednačavanje intenzivno provetrava i meša preko uredjaja 12 za provetravanje. U ovoj fazi ne dolazi do odvoda vode iz uredjaja za prečišćavanje jer je prekinuto njeno prepumpavanje iz posude 1 za izjednačavanje. Ovo se stanje koristi za čišćenje površine posude 3 za završne radove i za čišćenje peščanog filtra 5. Isključena je vazdušna pumpa 14 posude 3 za završne radove, uredjaj 13 za provetravanje posude 2 za aktiviranje i uredjaj 20 za provetravanje skupljača 4 mulja. Aktivni je mulj teži od vode i postepeno se taloži na dnu posude 2 za aktiviranje. U pogonu je pumpa 16 za ploveće nečistoće i posude 3 za završne radove, uredjaj 19 zs provetravanje posude 3 za završne radove, vazdušna pumpa 15 za odvajanje mulja, zatim vazdušna pumpa 34 za odvajanje mulja iz peščanog filtra 5 i uredjaj sa brizgaljkama 25 za provetravanje peščanog filtra 5. Vazdušna pumpa 15 za odvajanje mulja dotiče iznad dna posude 2 za aktiviranje na takvoj visini da u posudi 2 za aktiviranje na kraju ove faze delatnosti uredjaja za prečišćavanje uvek ostajala optimalna količina aktivnog mulja. Vazdušna pumpa 15 za odvajanje mulja najpre prepumpa do skupljača 4 mulja smešu očišćene vode i mulja, postepeno samo mulj i na kraju faze, kada se mulj nataložio, a višak je ispumpan, samo čistu vodu. Trajanje ove faze, ukoliko do posude 1 za izjednačavanje ne pritiču otpadne vode, odredjeno je kapacitetom vazdušne pumpe 15 za odvajanje mulja i traje 60 minuta, jedan do šest puta u toku dana, zavisno od hidrauličnog opterećenja uredjaja za prečišćavanje. Višak vode iz skupljača 4 mulja preliva se pod uticajem gravitacije do posude 1 za izjednačavanje i tako u ovoj posudi postepeno podiže nivo vode. Kad dostigne nivo prekidača 10 sa plovkom, ponovo se vrši prebacivanje trokrakog ventila 30 koji usmerava vazduh iz uredjaja 33 za provetravanje posude 1 za izjednačavanje do sistema 32 za provetravanje 32 za provetravanje posude 2 za aktiviranje. Uredjaj za prečišćavanje otpadnih voda prema pronalasku na taj način optimalno koristi period smanjenog protoka otpadnih voda za obradu grubih nečistoća u posudi 1 za izjednačavanje i za odvajanje mulja iz posude 2 za aktiviranje, za čišćenje posude 3 za završnu obradu i peščanog filtra 5. In the case of insufficient inflow of waste water, the water level in the equalization vessel 1 drops to the level of the switch 9 with the minimum level float, which in this condition gives the command to switch the three-way electric valve 30 or to two electric valves not shown, or to two independent compressors not shown. This closes the air supply under pressure to the system 32 for aerating the vessel 2 for activation and at the same time opens the air supply to the system 33 for aerating the vessel 1 for equalization. In this phase of the operation of the purification device according to the invention, the pumping of the separated rough waste water from the vessel 1 for equalization to the vessel 2 for activation by means of the air pump 7 for rough water is completed, and at the same time the vessel 1 for equalization is intensively aerated and mixed through the device 12 for aeration. In this phase, there is no drainage of water from the purification device because its pumping from vessel 1 for equalization has been stopped. This state is used to clean the surface of the finishing vessel 3 and to clean the sand filter 5. The air pump 14 of the finishing vessel 3, the device 13 for aerating the vessel 2 for activation and the device 20 for aerating the sludge collector 4 are turned off. Activated sludge is heavier than water and gradually settles at the bottom of the activation vessel 2. In operation is pump 16 for floating impurities and vessels 3 for finishing works, device 19 for aeration of vessel 3 for finishing works, air pump 15 for separating sludge, then air pump 34 for separating sludge from sand filter 5 and device with nozzles 25 for aerating sand filter 5. Air pump 15 for separating sludge reaches above the bottom of vessel 2 for activation at such a height that an optimal amount of activated sludge always remained in vessel 2 for activation at the end of this phase of the purification device's activity. The air pump 15 for sludge separation first pumps a mixture of cleaned water and sludge to the sludge collector 4, gradually only sludge and at the end of the phase, when the sludge has settled and the excess has been pumped out, only clean water. The duration of this phase, if no waste water flows to equalization vessel 1, is determined by the capacity of air pump 15 for sludge separation and lasts 60 minutes, one to six times during the day, depending on the hydraulic load of the purification device. The excess water from the sludge collector 4 overflows under the influence of gravity to the vessel 1 for equalization and thus gradually raises the water level in this vessel. When it reaches the level of the switch 10 with the float, the three-way valve 30 is switched again, which directs the air from the device 33 for aerating the vessel 1 for equalization to the system 32 for aerating 32 for aerating the vessel 2 for activation. The waste water treatment device according to the invention thus optimally uses the period of reduced flow of waste water for the treatment of coarse impurities in the vessel 1 for equalization and for separating sludge from the vessel 2 for activation, for cleaning the vessel 3 for the final treatment and the sand filter 5.

Claims

1. Procedure for the biological purification of waste water, according to which rough waste water is brought to an equalization vessel with a rough water pump, with a device for measuring the water level and with an aeration device, that waste water is transferred by pumping for biological purification to an activation vessel that has an aeration device and a sludge separation pump, and during the technologically necessary time, the mixture of cleaned water with activated sludge is drained to the tank for finishing works where the sludge settles at the bottom and the cleaned water is directed to the tank for activation and from it is directed to the sludge collector, or to the tank for equalization, whereby the clean water from the surface of the tank for finishing works flows to the sand filter or directly to the drain from the purification device, indicated by the fact that the pump for rough water by pumping water from the tank for equalization to the tank for activation increases its hydraulic power (in l/s) when the water level in the equalization vessel increases, and vice versa, power (in l/s) is reduced when the water level in the equalization tank drops, and when the minimum level is reached, the overpumping is temporarily interrupted by turning off the rough water pump.

2. The procedure for the biological treatment of waste water according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that the minimum level, maximum operating level or continuous level is measured in the equalization vessel, and when the water level in the equalization vessel increases from the minimum to the operating level, the pumping of rough water from the equalization vessel to the activation vessel is turned on, and when the maximum level is reached, the maximum hydraulic capacity of the purification device is signaled. when the minimum level of water in the equalization vessel is reached, the device for blowing the equalization vessel is turned on, which device is turned off when the operating level in the equalization vessel is reached.

3. The procedure for biological purification of waste water according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that during the time when waste water from the equalization vessel was pumped into the activation vessel, this activation vessel was blown, whereby the blowing was completed at the end of the flow of waste water to the activation vessel, while when blowing the activation vessel, the sludge collector is simultaneously blown and at the same time the activation mixture from the vessel is pumped over activation to the finishing vessel, where the activated sludge is returned through the opening at the bottom of the finishing crew back to the activation vessel, where the separated purified water rises to the drain from the treatment device, or to the submerged sand filter, through which the water flows from top to bottom, where the filtered water is ejected from the intermediate sand filter to the discharge of the treatment device by hydrostatic pressure, which is overpressured created by the difference between the water level above the sand filter and the water level in the drain, or with a special pump.

4. The procedure for the biological purification of waste water according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that the sand filter is ventilated simultaneously with the device for aerating the equalization vessel, whereby the dirty water from the surface of the sand filter is pumped to the activation vessel or to the equalization vessel, whereby excess sludge is pumped from the activation vessel to the sludge collector or equalization vessel, where the dirty water is from the washing of the sand filter during the blow-down of the equalization vessel transferred by the air pump for sludge separation to the equalization vessel.

5. Method for biological treatment of waste water according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that the activation of the rough water pump is connected to the device for blowing the vessel for activation and its shutdown is connected to the device for blowing the equalization vessel, controlled by a time switch.

6. Procedure for the biological treatment of waste water according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that when the water level in the equalization vessel drops to the minimum level, its blowing device starts to work, and with that device, the blowing of the vessel lasts during the time required for the water level to rise from the minimum level to the operating level, while the device for blowing the activation vessel works during the time necessary for the water level in the equalization vessel to drop from the operating level, or higher, to the operating level minimum water level.

7. The active sewage treatment plant with activated sludge in a larger quantity consists of an equalization vessel with a wastewater supply with a rough water pump and an aeration device, an activation vessel with an aeration device, further, an air pump for sludge separation and an air pump for the active mixture, a vessel for final works with a device for extracting floating sludge and with a drain of purified water to drain or purification on the sand filter and further to the sludge collector with an aeration device, indicated by the fact that the rough water pump (7) is designed as a pump with constant air pressure at all water levels in the equalization vessel (1), while this rough water pump (7) is protected from coarse impurities by a filter (8), made of pipes with openings formed in its casing, while the inner space of the filter pipe is (8) supplied pressurized air line with connection below minimum of the opening (9) in the container (1) for equalization.

8. Active wastewater treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that the device (13) for aeration in the vessel (2) for activation is connected to the system (32) for aeration of the vessel (2) which is formed by supplying air to the pump (7) for rough water, to the filter (8) for coarse impurities, to the air pump (14) and the vessel (3) for finishing works and to the device (20) of the collector sludge, whereby the device (12) for aerating the vessel (1) for equalization is connected to the system (33) for aerating the vessel (1) for equalization, which is further formed by supplying air to the air pump (15) for sludge separation, to the air pump (16) of the vessel (3) for finishing works, to the device (19) for aerating the vessel (3) for finishing works, to the air pump (34) for separating sludge at the sand filter (5) and to the nozzles (25) for checking.

9. Active waste water treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that the inlet of the air pump (15) for sludge separation is placed above the bottom of the vessel (2) for activation at a height equal to 20% to 40% of the active depth of the vessel (2) for activation.

10. An active waste water treatment device according to claims 7 and 9, indicated by the fact that the device (12) for aeration in the vessel (1) for equalization is connected to the aeration system of the purification device, which consists of a compressor (29), a three-way electric valve (30), or with two through electric valves, or with two independent compressors, for alternately switching the system (33) for aerating the vessel (1) for activation depending on the water level in the container (1) for equalization or depending on the indication on the time switch.