PT109653B - METHOD OF FORMULATION OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES WITH DISCONTINUOUS GRANULOMETRY - Google Patents
METHOD OF FORMULATION OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES WITH DISCONTINUOUS GRANULOMETRY Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
O PRESENTE INVENTO REFERE-SE A UM MÉTODO DE FORMULAÇÃO DE MISTURAS BETUMINOSAS COM GRANULOMETRIA DESCONTÍNUA, SENDO ESPECIALMENTE APLICÁVEL ÀS MISTURAS ESPECIFICADAS NA NORMA EN 13108-5. O INVENTO COMPREENDE A SELEÇÃO DOS MATERIAIS UTILIZADOS NA MISTURA BETUMINOSA (1.1), A AVALIAÇÃO DAS SUAS CARACTERÍSTICAS (1.2) E DO IMBRICAMENTO ENTRE AS PARTÍCULAS ATIVAS (2.1). COM OS RESULTADOS OBTIDOS (1.2 E 2.1) REALIZA-SE UM PROCESSO ITERATIVO DE OTIMIZAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO VOLUMÉTRICA DEFINIDA PARA UMA MISTURA BETUMINOSA ESPECÍFICA (3.1) ATÉ OBTENÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO GLOBAL PRETENDIDO, ESTIMANDO AS CARACTERÍSTICAS VOLUMÉTRICAS (4.1), O DESEMPENHO MECÂNICO(4.2), O DESEMPENHO FUNCIONAL (4.3) E A TRABALHABILIDADE (4.4). POSTERIORMENTE (5.1), REALIZA-SE EM LABORATÓRIO A VALIDAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO VOLUMÉTRICA ESPECÍFICA OTIMIZADA (3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 E 4.4). O INVENTO É APLICÁVEL, POR EXEMPLO, NA ÁREA DA PAVIMENTAÇÃO RODOVIÁRIA E AEROPORTUÁRIA, PERMITINDO AUMENTAR A DURABILIDADE DAS MISTURAS FORMULADAS E REDUZIR SIGIFICATIVAMENTE A NECESSIDADE DE FABRICO DE AMOSTRAS EM LABORATÓRIO DURANTE A FORMULAÇÃO.The present invention is directed to a method of formulating blends of discontinuous granulometry, being especially applicable to the blends specified in EN 13108-5. The invention comprises the selection of the materials used in the bionic mix (1.1), the evaluation of its characteristics (1.2) and of the concentration between the active particles (2.1). WITH THE RESULTS OBTAINED (1.2 AND 2.1) AN ITERATIVE PROCESS OF OPTIMIZATION OF THE VOLUMETRIC COMPOSITION DEFINED FOR A SPECIFIC BETUMINAL MIXTURE (3.1) TO THE OBLIGATION OF THE GLOBAL BEHAVIOR INTENDED, ESTIMATING THE VOLUMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS (4.1), MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE (4.2) , FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE (4.3) AND LABORABILITY (4.4). BACKGROUND (5.1), THE VALIDATION OF SPECIFIC OPTIMIZED VOLUMETRIC COMPOSITION (3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 AND 4.4) is carried out in a laboratory. The invention is applicable, for example, in the area of road and airway pavement, permitting to increase the durability of the formulated mixtures and to reduce the need for the manufacture of samples in a laboratory during the formulation.
Description
DESCRIÇÃO Método de formulação de misturas betuminosas com granulometria descontinua Área técnica da invenção IIs·Áilpi S't uililÉlf:um|; jips aiilipom g ran ilblff t-ria i||f|idnÉi ηηΐ||ο|ρ®η é:iiíi|f: I xm alto |||| -sendo i-CítiXin.|:ei|ifeg-s-a|:l|:i para apllcâplilll, |||i|||| iipãdas :||lllí de:sga||§||||| ff| fia|l:|pr:|§:i;i' pela. sua rssls|:||:|:||' ||||pe lendllpamer^t-o |||||| ||à |bÍ|§Í£M:§|:0 pitmaoetvbe ( Sã||||||||:ÍÍ0:'|||: o qu-e||||||ãs t.Qrpi|||ad|p aitbllptiva JilliilõrKipa: e p|||||.r;|||rèô:rrè ib:feressán:bf|l||| l|||| mef|h|||:| <àú lllllppé npd||i||de|:|ii|:plli per Manente. r esu Íhi||||| a§|| tu tfj n||||||t t ea. !!^pP!!Í!:©:Sp::p!!Í:;P mllftu tas betuminosas Ipisreii::, |a |||||pa "1 é llllo-rlllllllllillellail n||||nt11 i zaçto de- ilffma ||Ém |||an;plii||:rica ||de ρρ|||||||1.||ίϊ:::'1|ρ :(||al|||| Pont ni Pui pallll utl|||||maíp||| de. II ardOtillPIitO eÍt.ré||as:||prnÍPniat ãt.if|||| !!| dillt tlÍP|!l| a- gbt en P§ P ..111¾....... It®....... adequado imhr .i.camen to lent r élllidlllllll .lllparfieulai........dtlvas requer uma adéquaiilItprMulpçãO: pis:|:elli;|:||D de I misturas beturainosas |;ii modo a que, a quantidade de .mastique I bet.urn inoso (parl.icuias pass!vas, £ |:Íb®||||:Íditi vos estab.il.1r.antes e betume) -seja inferior ao volume de vazios disponível entre as partículas ativas,||idi;ivii|: s©Men|Í|jÍ:|ÍÍ| premissa não assegura que o imhricamento entre as partículas ativas obtido esteja otimizado, ou que a mistura betuminosa apresente um desempenho i global e tr abai hábil idade |it x $ Sbigba Íos;, I As s i ru.......pi.......::::£bfl®g^i|a'|dbl be:||||il:sf||fi:§| bêt:uMínç:||||j com.. ||ta|:ul,oMel|ri.a ||||||| jtl dpbbbbl.iníba;j| obhfl j. pf$:a á|||§-xi|É®|||| umajllppla jiÍÍ||:Oussip| it-latitã .â |||| || io-'idallooiti· illmbljoi beveS sdl||j|::|e:tnS;di||de :¾¾ a p§stb)tlr opter 1 .§i;|tulú'S |||b|||Bd|hb.s:|s ||pi ||ϊϊΡ|||| Í|:|^|| traPaiilabil.liliGie 1 qtItiilddlIIIldiMO! Ilodibibo ||||||i|::a. ||||ii||:|:la Ijip-rma fn| ||31.08-:l| a. I |.oitU|l|ÍpS:i liiepl pli©· )i|ilí|||ÍÉ| oi||}|||ili:nti|jie foi:®#;.........edpítlqijjjjji baseada em fusos granulométricos pré-definídos combinados com | i:sp'eiilj.ciqii%it::pa;£ material s c o n s t .11 u í n t c s e | £i:píiil:|iill||||| adicionais baseados em ensaios para avaliação do desempenho, contudo dada a experiência insuficiente existente para avaliação fundamental deste tipo de misturas, a norma europeia apenas especifica requisitos empíricos".
Estado da técnica Λ iormelaole de mi st uru ®: betuminosem on® grarsiíomerria deseoneínua ® atuaImante ee:scuutudo: sqgundg u® doa dois prlneipais rdíímdos de íopmuiaçdg deeduerdeidos (.AX&maeha m Eli®} * ®e qaa:is constituem. 8i®uitm..®es®mote oe· daí a paí s®a a rdnmsi rendiai eo® maios: aplicação· baste tipo dm mi stomas .do trouts.® aa s, bo esiso: da: Alemanha P mdtmcip utilisado e daseoqo pa enperildridm mdqu i t Ida ®o lodg® dm dduadms dm aiiii tsmdo da misereres bat.ami neeas com graeme omdir la descoeèiuua (: tu Pm®, lamed per espnoi ficação* também designada d® termed-agão poi ' sanei1a*) < Çoneiete om tipo d®: fornu:d::açâe> napitua:im®sst® utilimada para aa mui. s i u sam' feeentd:bt>sas com q tat iii omot t i m desmenti pua. f capto ante:rior®e:nte referido ta aomPa E:d 131;Qd---t, do mas® dom bdA; © mdtodo á baseado nas propriedades vtd;ara® tid. eme / oeio intento ® Oismirutsar o imúrricmmento entre em particoies etivae (vimf rege do® groesost de dimensão igual. ®d superior a n®a determinada dimensão da omit a de um peneiro de r® ferêncim) m ocas miss eariísí :ss.r a resistência a defotr®m:ão peeéunsnroe, ao oontrá rsm. do quo pode mpeeder pop o método de formulação tti.!toado na Alemando.., de. acordo eo® Etuare (i.9sid , oe fusos: gestoiommtricos utitioadoe na iorpeisçdo das misturas de tati no ama emit qramaiometr ta deoceesicxoa f segando ;s metoom (horrent co, sis pouco restritivos o qu® pod® permitir que·, rrlatnrae fermuiadaa dentro doa iimi.t®m: nos aasos espeoifteadom apresentasse®: uma reste pasted a à d:e f o sara p ãm cie s a de® u ;s.d a..
Segued o o método desortoitido mos Ebt e sseaeifimseo eae norma® ...atEifíO' sdo-de ® Albhafç ilidi., a avetiegão dm imdrtmameni:® ®:ttr.e as parti mulas atitas, a residreada através da deterpitação do vd.1. arm do v sties as rd et ara de parti talas ativas preeacaioo eo® mamtigne toetnminesm após mmmpsctomos os prorates em laPocratório tVPíWeai qu® tão dor® uet superior ao volume de taaios: diseontveu. na rcisturs do partitaiiao actives :ttiihvmb preonaremte deter:®! mad®: soquodre a: nersa idiiHTd Tis ou ndTM Cifid A torcatleqiio segnnd®: esim métede: -cone! st.® num. pçrooesoo iterut i:ro reaiirarro e® i.snmrdfcdrio (d® variaqeo· da mempesiqde qrsnuiopótrl.ca: 1 pare: oOteisçdo e® uma der e rm:i,nada pe roerci/agees m lo imo d® fc>®e:ume, poro sided® div) o; d® eo Juç®® dm ve o les na Píus te ra de II ^||||:faÍÍÍ:: i VMA), áii|||;iiintri.íiiii||||||ò ||pl Í|::sres®|||||fH me;®® | j II ®Í®v|iliido' aa §§|§§§i:nha ,. |||||| se prol®11: | II :CÍ|:ÍÍ:í:in|iÍ:i.r á: pexeiiliieiá. d?'^i^ii^^||i <5^iiii|i ®§;|:' se adapfé1| |t || II c®®S:Í|;io: pranuloHilida praltlilflh:®|. d®|li|||e»........... ||ÍAp® ae|||ÍÍ formolepã.Í||Í:ãS· mi sb|;f ;§;É;| .te||m|p©sÉ|||ipQm::| f ρ| p;! | ||dal:|ep|:i|:ua ser |||iandialis|i|il| lílfô^il-XZiá:ίϊ^||::::::!:||ίϊί|ί!^ | fi®;;; |
|®tOdÍI||| a nteri ormehli· refer;Ι®|;|| oe|:foi|::®te®|||ie fd:rmu®;®:b;;;; |||eder|;||ríai têm sito· des:ehv;|ll§dbs ||| ::i|i|eei||ier iguai|®t:pM; j; !®e®Bidés n ornou dnnen te pièí.l^is: qii|:::::§pii||:|ir:im.,| | !®ma:i seja o caso do Mêredo||dcÍd:|||||'ric||Í|fCKÍÍd€Í|: | νρ|:1||||||:|||| 2000 |;; lillOaiiÉi ê Yoskniien, 2.00:|® ;ii||§ipd|||de mét®dç|;|;|:§;|| llilllllii mistura fóétum.ihb|i| ®||;| cia Hptura. de agregados. IO® ;M; II pl|:|:IÍÍ anteriermehte· méiirdiills teiliSm......reproduzir de forma |;; mi;l|||;|®nverèente o eçrcsiiib ®ÍÍhvQl;yi'do de imbr A cament o e®rf|H; a;||;|;®r ti cuias ativas, a®|i disso exemplo o método do ponto de I dilitação, o método |®|||Hpto |®||||mbr®®edld e o ::;:®®d§ rlMti II dè Bailey.
Em simultâneo, diferentes linhas de investigação têm sido empreendidas no sentido de melhorar o desempenho das misturas betuminosas com granuioraetria descontinua, nomeadamente através cia definição de composições granulomètricas especificas e/ou da ut x 1 i z a çao de difere n t. e s t .1 po s de adi t i vo s estabílisantes (i.e. betumes modificados com borracha, nitrogénio, filer modificado, polímeros do tipo SBS, .SVA, PE, emulsões betuminosas, aditivos diversos para melhorar a adês.ividade) , como sejam as patentes:' CN 10126-5053 \A; , 2008; CN 102051849 (A), 2011; RU 2011120847 (A), 2012; RU 2011120846 ÍA) , 2012; WO 2012081010 (AI), 2012; CN 102836873 (A), 2012; CN 102976666 (A), 2013 e |||lll||4i9:7dtil, 2015.
Do mesmo modo, diversas patentes tem sido realizadás, nomeadamente, com. o intuito de melhorar o método desenvolvido nos EUA, através da utilização cie diferentes processos de oompactaçào para a avaliação do volume de vazios na mistura de partículas ativas, assim como do conceito de imbricamento entre ||i||pâit-:icula.s ã||va||j||
Verifica-se inicialmente através da patente CN 1932153 (A),2007, |||||||i|f|:hiçab :dáj|||ofí§dsí.pl:|: da||#i|tira betuminosa, adotando um|| ll |||:||d®;i<|::: .mâtémáf:|po |ifesp§d|::ticd|| o guai pretende melhorar ©j| |||pes|m||.hh'0- da |||isidra ||||ê:tnm|:hò:S:| ||o||!;|.ip.d|| drenantes e de granu .1 ometr.: a descontínua,: no quo con ecu. ne resistência à deicrmação permanente e à sensibilidade à ágoa. Adicionalmente q método tem ainda em consideração a estabilidade M&rsbail e as ca.radt e: r .1 st i. das voiumét ricas da mistura betuminosa oo: que concerne ao VMA, ao volume de vários na mistura de agregados preenchidos com betume (VFB) @ ao VCAfí;;<. Porém, apresenta, como limitação a utilização do método de compact: aço o proposto no método desenvolvido nos gfjfâ. (compactação manual com o varão mebllico}, Este tipo de compactaçao apresenta como i (mi taçôes, nomeadamente, o tacto de ser efetuada de forma manual e de não permitir simulai de forma adequada a energia de Gompactaçao aplicada em obra.
Contudo, constata-se que grande parte da investigação posterior tem sido direcionada no sentido de melhorar o método desonvoivído nos EUA, como proposto na patente ON 10J €14 616 (A), 2;00â onde se pretende determinar c volume de vasios apenas para os agregados grossos (agregados cuja dimensão ê igual ou superior a 2 aim'; , Segundo o método proposto· a avaliação do imb r i cement o: entre as partieulas ativas: e efetuada através do 1 abrico e eompactagl.©: em Xaboratbríõ de: prevetes de mistura betuminosa, para os quais se faá Variar a percentagem de betume e de agregados tlnOS: e filer, até que se verifique uma variação na. dimensão dos prove:.es compactados, o que é ev idencl a de que deixou de existir ímc i: i camento entre as parti cuias1 ativas. Esta patente apresenta um conceito serne 1 ha al.e ao proposto no método d0: ponto de dilatação.
AdicionaImomtO: na patente CN 101463584 (A) , 2008 é proposta que a avaliação do imbri camento1 entre as partículas -ativas, ((considerando agregados cuja dimensão é igual ou superior a: 4,7 5 mm) , A eompactaçao das partículas ê realizada através da um: compactedor Marshall, aplicando 100 pancadas em cada topo do proveta:, ao invés da compactaçao com o vario.: O método propõe ainda uma baridade máxima da estrutura pétrea dás particuias ativas em que se utiliza um índice experimentai que deverá variar entre 0,20 e 0,45. Po caso da patente CM 10453:545:2 (A j, 2015 a avaliação do irabricamento entre as parti cuias ativas é realisads através da utilização de diferentes métodos de Compactaçao (sem compactaçao, zompaotaçáo com Varã© com e sem vibração/ . A utilização da vibração tem: como intuito melhorar a compactaçao Obtida, porém a utilização do varão, continua a apresentar as limitações ante ri emente indicadas,
Outra abordagem â semelhança do método de Bailey, passa por um I copt:|· ::pu f-ft f:IS' P;::;®l|..... ! PÍÍ:UHilhO;é#|: i;i^! , ?j$0Íi;§· || I |©n||||||p;^: | :;dé:i:|Bbràj^*j:b:ré:||: 'fpolba :'s': de bohiÉíiisili pi:il!!l:|pdl:ar!! ,r|l: || determinação da composição granulométrica da mistura betuminosa. 0 métoao proposto considera a dimensão máxima nominal do agregado utilizado na mistura betuminosa, a percentagem de material ! Iissaio' pí|r :|||:Ud:i:ir'f 1 'laidllii como o rácio eniidiipedciffigg^.........de.......-®s; ;!ou superior a 4||:|:5· míii a. |:|Pjpm|| tpglPitdidd#.
Compiementarmente, outros métodos procuram determinar a composição a utilizar numa mistura betuminosa,: através da otimização do propriedades especificas relacionadas com o desempenho da mistura betuminosa como seja: a tensão mã>:ima admissível na mistura betuminosa após aplicada no pavimento IIpIIIIIII III resistência à deformação ||| | §ef|||||t||||pat||t|| cf.....|ipp|:gdP66ldÍ|| 2013) ,||o módulo de rigidez ||| 11| mif ||p p!!|fetu|i 2ri|||::::: ( 42Í1I2 f§ (|i ,: ,:;g:0l| ||. illlll |P|lciona||e|te. | |a||li.............ipplnfes 11 CH! :!iÍ:Í|!::6 IP e llll |i€l|||p2 62|:3:2| 2012,· adl|nvês: p:ã avaliação do volume de vazios 1 Pléponi ve|||n|)í 2{2|Ρ||ΐρ dái:; .2Í!Í propõem a avaliação ||d||: imbri|||l|t|; |e||rf|ppf:efΙόοΐ::' lg||||:c§l de dimensão piper|I||||| a 4,75 mm à semelhança do que é realizado no método do ponto de .i rnbr i o ame n t o, torèm as avaliações propostas baseiam-se em 2 |:2al::|i|:|:|:: a | OSt rutura pé 11'Ciã de lim§S:t:ra,S||||Í|2|: partrcuias ativas compactadas num recipiente através da utilização do ensaio de GBR {California bearing ratio) habitualmente utilizado para solos.
Do mesmo modo outros métodos 7:|pdbuitam 1¾çáó· lillijíídiâiiiis :^|b:im:a |li|ã| dolill, left# 1113 a o: caso das.....;;pã;fépt;f:s2:|;2 |3:||i#2|,llli9'2lle Φ1ϊ|'^ίρ|δ1|·ΪΙΙ(ã|,1 §($11...
Sumário da invenção 0 presente invento refere-se a um método de formulação de misturas betuminosas com granulometria descontinua, funcionamento se baseia na seleção e caracterização dos materiais a utilizar na mistura betuminosa, assim como do im.bricamento ;^ΡΪί!ί^;φ;^·||ii atlifabj; 1 |5êi:IÍ|i|lÍIÍõl Iplbá· ã'|||||||| característioas e d|st: |i)Spbr|Í:b:lliÍÉãJó2i.......i........imbricamont:o clas paxfcíeaaas ePlsas, esticar e faciiasrire cdidp'fes.KdfeX· quale as cataceoafstlcss saXussatricas, dassrspanho s trabaihaPi^lIciade qse sad paasiaeis da seres obtidas pa s!;istusa betuddeiosa: campaciada <
Esse rad dado as dá e s pec i a iras a te ia d.1 cada para p case das τα is tux a. a bstaainesas espacificadas as cores EM 11104---5, Pads a seaestla percent a qsrn. de partículas. atfsae cue esfa tipc: de ab,sauras reddei; a qesG. escafibui pa.ra as paipa isb rt. patron t o setae as aa afi daIas a 11tad.
Ccdscqac-'-sc assilr fcajiiciar distcras bednsrinSsas tea ctaduicsstsria deaecptrnea ças aprcacafeas as trPricasento estrs as parricalss aticas represeddafcsvo do qua o dpt ids os opr a apbs ddriptiCtapaCy so qse corps rns: a quebra das· pat dread, as: atfoqs p a® as caractaristicaa to lamé t die aa., bssebpeabs e drabaidabi.iidado pestendibas irt.iciad.iaa.ade per art utiiicstdcr. Tai d a base oa do a disc és do up prsesaas. its as tic a Ms si irsis a pdc da compos i câ o tel sard t: a it ca p r a 1 ixa 1 t va a a ο n to deft ei d a: ρ a t a a. ad. a t .a a a bèro.nu:nssa e rsspabrvs. docpdrdáídedda qiobal, pee ado rePest a fabrica as psoeetes em laboradbricp ao ccsdrérà.o do pas secede atPaibsaia cod oadaps: p;éfco4bp, asede sementb aeaXiaaba a vaildaplo da composição eolumébrtba oti:mis:ads p as t or la ms ate em iaberatcrlO;, o pee 4 Táeitc dd field, as add moamc iopoasfre.I atrsrSs de sefcrce rátados- bade Incan tp: anula as lino, fcaqoss pee art utili radcr seas Irtsn.es tea aqessdb da IptareOppis de uma ;t:i:atst:a bsiaminoas, a qe.ai beads a ear bassaba: ~ ns dsfinipftc be usa CDStpoaiçiO: granalométrica., sesaodo as fuse qra:se forced rico prè-definido de isrsis esptrics lass sac ted: so oners ids ra ças: as caracpsrIsPicas das rtatariais adiisssbosr? - os amaliapdo do imbtd.ca:monto oaide as pasdri ea.taa at.ia'ao sirs tés de métodos de compactaças a a sea ta,, sa qae: não sac reprsserrdsdiaos: do: see oosrrs ear obra, norvisabssrsato a qaebra. bos partitGeiss atipasq "" pa Ptirsitaqdo da percentagem: as be tube ou ala aeraa qisriaisbedrisa, an istes da. csa^osação roleara.f ties da ml at aba be tosd.no a a; - aeiu preoesss laboratorial msroso, srsrcso e· iisitatito de asa fscii Gst^rcanaso e aetecqtc dap ceraeteristicas ce 1 uset rtcaa, desprtpenbe e tradalhabi iJ,dade prsberididas , G dsstsdb esntribai asaidp rrsd:.ea.badientei para: rasa aedapão eettoaaaeate sips if teat ice dca cptesj ρβρρρ s dcidrertisesto :se:ces;sás ias pax's a fsrrubBpss de smart: uras betumledsafe sob assou loisa fria de o c<sn t i u sa relas1remenda a. suaras. mo dados de ftadriulsseo, ipferaaals de ama: e t balsa g.feo de ρρρρορ tarso ata global da biatessa feebpsd:beaa;. a ayial permito dai slqoifleadimo imbramesao aa dsissbi sidafee das mibdaeâs beausd,.aobab d o rm.oi a da a; sob aa randageso· ecasfemieae a asibloataio dai rasai daistes;.
Crafts oantebPSu: febcafro do pabaoeda isaoiurto xsderia sigaifioad is/eaieade s eqeeaeidade: de fafetiba so amostras cm Isboradferie dasasma a forma labãtg reburiado afeasp dstalbeoda o tempo e qrau da asposioPo doe atílIsadoras d ima lapso de gases a part icad.aa: fanas,. íbisaibagtee ata ati.iissgeõ fee bodamea. saxegafeom e x lisas,· ase de cade de sslmeodes pesa d li ease a a fees eaaipameutos ast i li saídos na; ba ba i o s das sb.stutas dmfe. um: i os sas,: os. gosxs sfes aeapaínaas?'a;.as por podanoe as es; o bes:anoeir.rm:Cirao de dosagas oaoaisqicas , d bddaídai dg for mui açdio de sisorao coai o- presente invents essipreeadb name, ρ rd me l st; fase a seleçâs doe ma da rials: adi 1 isaifea os mi soars os:somx oa;ss, a aosu,rsgS.o das asas oissíssssru soscsn strasbs· eia aCsd.e.rmi.d.a.çâG da granatometeia feos: tie ta reals ροΐχοοο, eia massa aeàbmles de todos ao Sssde;:pals udibfemades s; aoadrpâp de âgua/betebe das asteríeis oPtreos, beba segunda fase Sfes sompasdades as partículas ativas, maoaalboode: ou .badaoiadbsnts resorreeds a nm compostodor sodamatlso ti pia as sates: or similar a qua se segno a ssaiísgSo da baiidafee da: mistura da gartietfeos et.loas. Cob os stisultades dstermmtbdíós, datil d. sa "Se em prosesso ideatafive do odimisSoSs de csmipssiçtfex rrmumsfriea a tis respetiva cqbpqstabaedo global da misture metem loose,: aotioarba as sarsceeristioas vox;vmi:S:s£óas::, qe que sooserns; â dp as aMA e ao 'SFBí s desempoado mocê-nlso,: ns gao o-samerne t resistbosls. o boas, seals sénd.i a. a. dbfarmaçào permaímbds, xrsrs:ten. sle ao feddie.qabendo por fadiga o s módulo do rígidos:, o de somp aturo faocl.o.sa 1 reistlvameota a proluadtssde medis da dsadsss a o coefioiopto da atem to e a trabtiibabilipade adraoea dó dsódoi.te do besidiie limbo Sb .fii.or >
Aaolbí o Sidt,odo da fórbU.i.a.çbõ objeto do pbee'erttb. i,no'e:nda^ a ca. raobosl raao por parrel ti r e def.i;sioeo de aompsesoeo oos ume trica dti,oa do miatora baiuraii-sosa aqe: assoatir-a aa: oasaatasi sti sae oslupétsisaia < am dasasasaabo a t rebel bafei lide da: predeodldes pss um at ill safes S' ao osrrt.reri.o d:o que ssaed.e sor os metoaos do fos:maiaoaio a toad. S, erii qua so at il irem d:e !bec&ítasft pra-’· feed:1aidas . 0 presente invento e seguidamenté descrito em pormenor, sem: carácter limitativo e a titulo exemplifícativo, por meio da sua forma de tea 11 sapão preterida, representada no desenho anexo, no qual: - a fig . 1 é uma representação esquemática e simp3d-f loads. de uma concretíração do método de acorda com o método.
Descrição dia concretização preterida
Fazendo referência à figura, vai ser agora descrita: a concretinação preferida do invento, em que o método é constituído por um conjunto de etapas representadds na dita figure, que se ordenam e executam: como seguidamente: se descreve, 0 método de formulação, consiste numa primeira: etapa {1,1}, em selecionar áa frações dos materiais pétreos a utiXiaar, de acordo com d tipo de mistura Pètuminosa a fabricar {dimensão máxima nominal dos agregados utii. irados 5 tendo para tal, em consideração a respetiva dimensão da ma lha do peneiro: de referência definido no Quadro 1.
Quadre 1
Para a seleção das frações dos materiais pétreos a utilixar no faprico da mistura betuminosa com qranutometria déscoutinoa cot: siderar, preferencialmente, uma fração referente às partículas ativas (95 1 do material pétreo da fração tem dimensão igual ou superior â dimensão da malha do peneiro ae referência;, uma out ra fração ref erente às parti cuias passivas {95 % do material pétreo da fração tenha dimensão compreendida entre a dimensão da ma í ta do peneire de referênoia e 0, 063 mm; e uma fração., quando existente, referente ao filer (70 % do material pétreo da fração tenha dimensão inferior a 0,063 tira). ©menta o betume iilllds aditivos a lÍlili;|Él|)lllllll ao fabrico da mi s tur a betumi nosa. )1)1)1)11 i Posteri ormenf.e, em {1.2}, ca racteriear os mate riais uti 1 irados no fabrico da mistura betuminosa com granulometría descontínua, lliniípadâmengllllliiiii^ lit :;;ÍÍs.........igiBidomelgl:©:...................... '|milll|i|s :|i|;|Í:es llllb© il||aterrai s lll||étre:oa:|llllllllllll| Í|— |Í|s.........illli1'' 'vol:|Íii-ca. do :cadaj|ldi|||||a.s; |||il|deç||Ío:S' |i|:|§p ter leis pétreos {agregados: /w.e filer: pf), adiLivos {ped)e III. bèlp&e· (#p||)|fi lillda ab:i||:|Íl|||ll:í:' águdfil:lite||de liadilIlirM das....... frações: dos |||||||:g|i||i:::' p©li|op:.:.:.Xi) ,
Ka :'sitIpa :(2::«::1·} * fρ||1ο^||άβ|| miilfiai ||i||reo||||§te:£énida, i:: :ers 1..1.,.1): rililinfila.S:' -â' bÍ|miraç|D·'
Ilidi....... irab;g|i|i|||ili|||b.nt:re. l||||p:a.r|iiplii||||i.i ves ||||lp f eg|io s .|||||| ||iiili:i|ii||if :ua li|ÍS i o if" ;â. dlili sidllia malgii|iib :p|ld'i |i|||||||||s |||Í;|iÍ|:hC.i.a| .âtfdvéi|||||i||iet:e.rmiiii^:d iillluá: o a fllile, .|:i:gul|p|si............... :lpi todol © g i a e .@|:| aiiagli t ©::)liill%p.|fê: lellia ϊ ||Í||ÍÍlbl:her um: ||iiglllie ,;:gii|ili.be): ........... ci 1 í ndri co li;|||||||i|si|||||
capa çMilillmíh1 Éa de Íid:iii||iiii:ld| Quadro 2 |||ii|:i|..r:ádii||i;ii:ii||||| a : jÉ|||li||Í|||Í |ÍlÍlpl:é:n|e | ©111 o selllillB iiillip*'* ei|pe :qu e Ipi ssi ve 1, Jfpf;iilil|lf 5 i||Í|:|2||||||||||
Quadro ll I
~ :i£iiiiiii^iiiiii^sí bllivolufle fifillid e a altliá. lÍiirlÍÍi||Bl|||| f;ii|plent:||||iii:õ|hid ϋ aciido ||dm) Í) Quadro 2|||| ~ Faneirar a frapes de enterial pet res referente da martteslas a t i v as, ax a a a a a .ana a q as e: am tar i a1 a··:· a a 1 tea t e so r r at pond a. a pe n a: a ao- mates 1,0.1 pete lx ado· car; dima:nnio iqaal oa saportor à malta da petal r a a a rerertecia dotitids pair a a mi at.-ax a Pattalnas® icomo iadtoade pa pa.adro: 11. d restarto material da fa tar raj att ada *
Far a a material rosxdita.at.:e/ preparar art a amsetras da pará 1 dal a a ax it a..® ipromtsaeate seaaa a. 1.10 "'C a 5 "'Ç atè so: etinqir ana masea eorisaaate) a devendo a nassa da tads amostra aorra apotds r eatxe 1211 % o 120 % da ma ss a tat at. passivol dm ser aoloeade so interior do reerpierme esootsido asm quo so eeeouis a aria ooaipactapão. - Far a cada amostra,· praemiher o. reaiplanta no. aria tátalldáde...,. sendo· esse preempted mente: reelisads on sites rases, at quale lno.la.em a esmpaetaqts do material to flea! d.e coda lose, a síámpaceaçâs1 pose sot roaiitsda qaex: mariaaiaenle., dear teosrnnarmxqle1 rocorrendo a an sempaetmdGr arrtertitlse tipo Procter go similar.
Frimaiita xsaei, preeiíster s recipiente. sen .materiel add am qqlnto dm sat, alnara .interns total, a qae to seqse S rdo ela:mento da superiiore do naterial dopes 1 tads no reeipiente son proceder 4 see cenpactacae. Postariermarroo:, esnipneier o re texts i sen 25 pasqG:d.as: |as.rqa de 4,22 kg a 47,5 on do ax tar a d.e qaedad ard, fermemente diet rite ardas pala enperf icie da camada de agtegsdos „ Da semande art á. saleta fate, repel ir a terocedimento do preen cirireevio a compactssao dm mot exd.el. (pee a soda incremento do mateela 1 sen i® eepeennra de am gate to. da alt are interne; totalj até ao total proeeePirtínts do restpi onto. Ha: qaiats fate as prosedimento, apod eiatnar a qqmpaetaqee dot. 5S panoadas, nivelar: a: aaperfieie da eamada da agregados com q: tops do rsorpieetia, to; necessâxio: adioioner au remover agregados. ···- Dorarnl.nar a .msmse do recipiente son os agtogades comp acta do.s:,: ~ Fes tori streets, desermianr a Paridoda dam partteelas: ativas Para cade, amostra: do aeorde com a sea a trite eqqagllsi
seca ο: /,¾. - Paridade- redrxrdua 1 do: cada sísostra. eaaaiada: (Mg/std ; % - papaa do reeipiaríte (kg·):?· »>: - Passa d;a rseipíeuvse dos a apósi.ra da parti calas adi vás eoppaotada (kg); V rol arre d d recipiente: (Li . •~ iiet exPixcr a os c l. dado .média dad aPosS.r:a.S: da par ti cal aà atidas·, eójfepã c e ada a:
sendo; dpís«: " Paridade pedia da a psxtidsiss ati.eas (de/pç ; a - adserc da esiQsfctás argliadae. da exaps (3,1},. eoa as r<as:uXtadas pxexàapeate de termina aos: (1,2 e til), ididiar ap precesca de cr isii caçao da ceeedaiaie r al amo trica da pis t ura pótuPinosa, deiiaiftte ama, ooppcçiçãa voiucetr ida pro: li exact para a distara foctuMaosa, toado sei aoasidsraçSc· o rcispe dc paxticalaa ativara para se otiaiaa.r o isibricariexste, sagrado a oetodalogra que segaideoçate so aareaeata: - Detotmiaax a: masca dc parti cal as at luas. a utiiiaar, para se deter up imbele amaste otioi sado ootre a.s parti calas atiras, do a o o r d e oco a segtiiaie edsapao;
" oasss sa partaoeuas ax.pyas a atolrear coxa so cctex ar; isibri car&actc otÍP:icsdo ortra as psxtloplas: at irá a (Sgg Ρά,ρ« - ter idade pedia das paxtrerlas atlvoo (Mg/seo ; li ~ volume: total da xistçra ice tupi. coe a scppactadá: córrespdndoato ap volume do. recipieate::/aoido utilleado (li , ~ betsnupicar C voIcbP 0¾¾ pSrÇlcalas atices a utilizar,, aura se obter um imbricamauto stlmlr adD antro o a parti nulas ativas, de asordo: csm a sagu lata eauaçâo:
ser alo; tWrs “ volume. do pamticuias ativas a utllioar para se obter um. ipbricabento at iitóu abe CPtre. as par tical as ativas· para o voiurse do repeal etpm/mal da atrilsado IIP ; m!;.„ .;V - pasça de parti ca Iça ativas, a atila ear para se obter ao imbrioameato ot ioizado entre as part lenia s ativas, Ikg; ; p.;:; ~ pa a ç a vaidcdca dec parti caias ativas (Mg/pr) < sara cada frapSo nos .materials petrnos eeleolansdos em U, ,lj f Ca terrsiriar as respetivas paxeeatagebs da par ti t u .lias ati vas (agregados oom dlmcasíte igual ou superior a diaeriaap Ca dslbu do: panel to de :rafèrêruzia: de ri u Ido am 01..1(, ca acorCe: com. o Quadro ij, de partículas passivas (agregados com. dlfPansãr cotçmeendlba entre a dimanado da malha dt peneiro de raforência e o pzzaoiro cem aialba de dimensio igual a 0,313. pp| e de flier: (agregadoc Ca Clrseasâd ialerlor a. 0,063 mpl :
Ppn- ~ per can tapam dp: particuras ativas por fragao (li?
Piy,f - per den tag em de mat criai passado ao peneiro de raf erenci.a ( I) ,* f\>:, Percentagem Cá partículas passivas por fração íi] ; ‘'mm- perpeataqpp. pp. tiiar por fpablo Ilç; %íu:í peroentagem de material passado ne pepelro pop· melas. de dipepaâo igual a 0,063 mm (I),
Caso o rbiiirsdor pretenda utillear fibras cabalosipas como aditivo, para d campas içar; volumétrica preliminar determinar a p a r esent a: g e ts de fibras caiuXdss.eas. ©era pitigar o saearrdxasnbe Pa- sealer lad, be tssxi na se a etlxisar, segando .¾
S S SS S' X. :X X
Β^Γΐ'·'^t
PfiMas:" pefcentagesi su n ids de fl eras pa.XpXdgibas a sfi.Llasr pars as.aegarsx u:m esSrHrissHHro cla paterl&I bst.siaxnosa b 0:,3 I Mad a -- xgral s 2,3218 {para aseorrirdsta s 0,31 1} a 2, 1093: (pars ercs.r:rxisear,P 1 0,2 2)3 h ~ igasd a. 1,6103 Igara aseeχτipanto 9 0,3 23 e: 1., 6202: Iasi a escorri ese-nt a 1 0:,2 a); 1-¾ ~ pereentagaH da betae.e: a aeixixar na: sal sta r a SHI 02 } , .Pars & aonipedi.ç:S.o relaxed tried.. greiigliear aseslMda PeterTstixar .as- :Tas:ssa.s rndiridba is. dos xeatsriaxa eoestiturates da. .seiatida. bst sad, eras a s re spa air a rressa ratal da mistura be t its lees a a a:t.ilxsa.r, gars se ofrod sax a i piped, esses a to sntre as partlodiss axiras para a atxlpge da .reelpjeerre/eeeoids edxx is ado ri<e, Helds dstpaataddr da xpepasto, edisgagtsapr glraborroO s
miM '" Hapsp: feetal as bisbaxa SEP s at ill sax·' tars ss sbast a. apitei x ax a sfsits as isbr xcapes ta setxs as parties las a tiras {kgX.; - ba.ssa. be parties! a S: pa a si ra a (kg;;
Mf - itasss dS: filar (kg):; n·,..,, massa da adit ires (kg) ? í?;í. - itssas de bstissa: (kg) , -· .Dsterpduoar as passas rsiusvi aas da a part tea la a atiras, pass.xta:s. a da fixer: ae fernea cemblnada tends set cons ids rags a as diferentes. fraçdes: dos materials pétreos: na misturá. betuminosa corn granulometria descentinua:
POr noa questão de sxmpii ficaçao, na o sc Inclui eia cada a® a das equações antorloses, para determinação das massas eeldmlcaS:, a parcela referente ao filer, a qual tem de ser adicionada no calculo a realiçar* ~ Definida a composição preliminar, determinar os respetiros relumes de pa r t i cal a s: paosivás:, f 1.1 cr, adi, timos e pe turns a, ut 11 i.aar:
S erido *
Vpp ~ mpiume de partículas pás s i tas (L) ;
Vf ~ volume de flier CL); V<td “ 'volume de aditivos lb] ; 1¾ ~ volume de beturne (t) ; pm ~ massa volbmica das particalas passivas (Mg/mb; (if - massa volumlea do filar (Mg/irbi; piS<i - masse voi umica do aditivo (Mg/m3) ; /¾ - massa voldmica da be tume (Mq/nr) ; A - volume de água/betuma absorvido (L),
Para a composição volumétrica proliminar definida para a mistura betuminosa {3.15, estimar as car acter 1st loas volumétricas da mistura betuminosa compactada (4.1), segundo a metodologia que seguidamente: se apresenta: — Determinar a porosidade da mistura betuminosa compactada, com imbricamebtO: otimizado entre as partículas ativas, -de acordo com a equação:
sendo: iy,ss - porosidade da mistura. betuminosa compactada com. imbricamento otimizado entre as partículas ativas (%). ~ Determinar a baridade máxima teórica da mistura betuminosa compactada (bmt), a bar ida de da mistura betuminosa compactada (ρ&Ο, a percentagem de vazios na mistura de agregados {VMA) e a percentage^: de vazios na mistura de agregados preenchidos: com. betume VFB) :
tars a compos ipso volumétrica preliminar prevíâmente de fi r: i da {3.1} cor · ti nu ar o processo de otimí áação da composição volumetrioa e do comportamento global da mistura betuminosa estimando o respetivo desempenho mecânico (4«25, desempenho funcional (4.3) , assim como a trabaihábil idade da mistura font ominosa .(4.4}: . dó que concerne ao desempenho mecânico (4.2), pretende-se assegurar que o volume e composição do mastique: betuminoso contribui para um incremento1 da resistência da mistura betuminosa á água, â deformação permanente, ao fendi 1 hamento por fadiga e para am adequado módulo de rigideu, sem se condicionar o imbrieamento entre as partículas av.ivae. A estima ti va do desempenho mecânico (4.2J para a composição preliminar é de terminada segundo a metodologia que seguidamentu se apresentar — Determinar a resistência à água da mistura betuminosa de acordo com a seguinte equação:
sendo i íTSR - reslstênoia conservada em tração indireta 3 IS "S (%) ;
Pm - per cent agem de par tical a s: ativas na mistura de agregados (15 ; PVp - porcentagem de partículas passivas na mistura de agregados (li. — Det. erminar a resistência à deformação permanente da mistura betuminosa, segundo as equações :
sendo: RDA}n - deformação mãxiraa, profundidade de rodeira: a 10000 ciclos a 60 °C .{mm); WTS^ — Ca xa de def ormação a 60 nC (mm/ 10 s):; PRDAm ~ percentagem de profundidade de rodeira a 10000 cicios a c Λ ° r* {V ♦. VV V \ $ Í f EPS ~ espessura da película, de betume determinada regando; o método de Hveem (ASTM, 1992) (micron); % - porosidade da mi st ura betuminosa 1%1 .
Determinar a resistência ao fendi.Ihamento por fadiga, de acordo com a equação:
sendo * :¾ - extensão de tração da mistura betuminosa para um milhão de aplicações de carga a 20 °C com um equipamento de flexão em quatro pontos a extensão controlada t*l:Q"s m/m) ; EPB - espessura da policuia de betume determinada segundo o método de Hvocra :(ASTM:,· 19921 (ra.icron) ;
Vy ~ porosidade da mistura betuminosa (%), — Determinar -o modulo de rigidex da mistura: betuminosar de acordo çom a equaçãos sendo::
8 - módulo de rigidez de uma mistura betuminosa a 20 °C com equipamento de flexão me quatro pontos a extensão controlada (MPa); % - extensão de tração da mistura betuminosa, para um milhão de aplicações de carga a 20 °C com um equipamento de flexão em quatro pontos- a extensão controlada (xlO"* m/m) <
Mo que concerne ao desempenho funcional (4.3),. pretende-se assegurar que o volume e composição do mastigue betuminoso !!!!!!!:!!!!;l!l!!!!|da||iphi alfequaillllllffl^ !!!!1Í!!Í!I! é|iu| cM e a|||||||t | lills li t i vaÍliliÍÉ|lb^..... llllliliilllillfll l|f frofuglilibi' i#||!l!!d|! |||||||||i||||||||| aff i:hvé:g||p::' con'ta|o :::ί00ΐ; § li a··: ............................... ':sdibriÍÍÍiteh.to entre Iraã: plbiidiiâã) 2:)1¾¾¾¾.................2|................ estimativa do desempenho funcionai {4,3} cara a com*·' preliminar é determinada segundo a metodologia que seguldamente se apresenta: - Determinar a profundidade média da textura da suoe>~f í -u ^ a-mistura betuminosa de acordo com a seguinte equação: jliiilll
PT ~ profundidade média da textura da superf ície da m·: betuminosa (mm) ;
Ppa ~ percentagem de partículas ativas na mísfeur- de agregados (%.);
Ppp ~ percentagem de partículas passivas na mistura de
Igriladdl) (%) II - .Detl^ilãr· II colfilcieilillde· allltol li mí-sturi!iyitÉ^I^ÍÍ*.ÍÍ^a!^ *1 .................................ãCpiddlliom. 1$. se.g||in:te|:|yi|çâ:o : ||
II£4|,t"bbdflblÉbfce :ái||atrit:o :{;'api||iil|||S:giÍ||||;â1pé||put|. de betta»®: que envolve os agregados); f%a - percentagem de partículas ativas na mistura de agregadas (%);
Ppp - percentagem de partículas passivas na mistura de agregados (%).
Re.lativainente à trabalhabiiidade (4,4)/ pretende-se assegurar que a composição preliminar assegura um adequada trabalhabiiidade, utilizando o conceito de betume fixo no filer especificado por Austroads (2013), segundo a equação: llllendblllllll
.......^ ||||||r:açii||ii|:beturae fixo- nt iiier||||||||| :$ff - betume í%kfÊÊÊ !!!ps!!!!!§a:ssa!!io 1 dmi ça"sÍb betume (Mg /m|i||| pf - massa voiúraiça do filer (Mg/in3) ; % - volume de betume na mistura betuminosa (%); - volume de vazios no filer compactado com equipamento Rigden {%);
Pf - percentagem de filer relativamente à massa total de agregados (%},
Concluído {4*4) f se as características volumétricas (4,1), o Íâ%§|§^ , |l|||llÍ|tpeníio '' a II i rilil hablli-dádilll; 1 . :$||i||$§ip p|ip||||p|em. o® li:|n:|t||li|lpe.i;i ficados............... "i| :|í||||almteltg| pili u!||||iãdd||||||!limar' a f 3 | l::||||||||pidce;de.:r :,|1||||||| |çg|tp:|:S.içã:i fdid|(||:riéã|:^^ para a.bÍt:ÍiSibdÍã;:ls|||| pa|:0|coútlâii.qlli:iis .............................
Na etapa (5.1), validar laboratoriairoente a composição volumétrica ótima estimada para a mistura betuminosa (3.1), assim corao os resultados obtidos em (4,1, 4.2, 4.3 é 4.4), utiiioaraio a composiodo dtlma estimada para a mistura oatamieosa c.om.0 composição toiumétrica preliminar· no faiotioP, oompaotapdo o anallapa o da prcrretaa da :m:i stoma delominosa em iaiooratorio:.
Concluída a etapa (S. 15 ®e ap: etaraccsríatiças molnmeoricas; o desempenhe rmidsoino, d desempenho: íunctDtai o ai traPalhaSili:dada::# ado reopsimarsm as .limites eapscifiohoos: iaiaia iraanta Palo at it i sapor retomar a (3.1} e soltar a demlnir tms: adyí cemipos IpSe: volumetries para a mistura feet arid.oosa . Case contrário a fortsiiapáo da mistura betuminosa com cranalometria des con tiros a me rmiaou *
Llabco, Q? do Do remPro de 3(116
Technical field of the invention IIs · Acylsilicyl Ester: A method of formulating bituminous mixtures with discontinuous granulometry. jips aiilipom g ran ilblff t-ria i || f | idnÉi ηηΐ || ο | ρ®η é: iiíi | f: I xm high |||| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iipadas: || lllí de: sga ||||||| ff | The invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I): your rssls |: ||: |: || ' |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ad | p aitbllptiva JilliilõrKipa: ep ||||| .r; ||| rèô: rrè ib: feressán: bf | l ||| l |||| mef | h |||: | <p></p><p></p><p> r esu Íhi ||||| a§ || tu tfj n |||||| tt ea. The following table shows the results of the calculation of the number of bituminous bituminous products in the region: de ilffma || É ||| an; plii ||: rich || de ρρ ||||||| 1. || ίϊ ::: '1 | ρ: (|| al |||| Pont ni Pui pallll utl ||||| maip ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | .111 .......... It is ... suitable for the immobilization of the cells and the cells of the cells. The amount of beta-amine mixtures is given in such a way that the amount of beta-lactam antibiotics (passages, and bitumen) is less than the volume of voids available between the active particles, premise does not ensure that the im- mers between the active particles obtained are optimized, or that the bituminous mixture exhibits a global performance and is capable of achieving good performance. (b) and (b), and (b), and (b) |||| jtl dpbbbbl.iníba; j | obhfl j. mp: a á ||| §-xi | É® |||| AJllppla jiÍÍ ||: Oussip | it-latitã .â |||| || 1-yl] oxy] benzo [b] [b] [b] [b] [b] [b] [b] [b] : | s || pi || ϊϊΡ |||| I |: | ^ || traPaiILabilILlIlIlIe 1 QUItIlIty! Ilodibibo |||||| i || a. |||| ii ||: |: Ijip-rma fn | || 31.08-: l | The. 1-yl) -piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. was based on predefined granulometric spindles combined with | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | i: sp'eiilj.ciqii% it :: pa; sconst material .11 u | ntcse | Fig. However, given the insufficient experience available for fundamental evaluation of this type of mixtures, the European standard only specifies empirical requirements. "
State of the art Λ Λ Λ ur ur ur ur ur:::::: bet bet bet bet:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Uitmmes®®®®®oteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteoteote · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·uituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituituit ®uituituituituituituituituit; (*), which is the same as that used in the present invention, also referred to as "tert-butyl"<Çoneiete om type d: fornu: d :: acâe> napitua: im®sst® used for aa. siu sam 'feeentd: bt> sas with q tat iii omot tim desmenti pua. according to the present invention, characterized in that: (a) The method is based on the properties vtd; ara® tid. (see figure) of the same size as the upper one with a certain dimension of the size of a sieve of a ferrule. to be defined in the same manner as in the prior art. the method of formulation used in German may be used. The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of the compositions of the present invention in accordance with the method of the present invention, and the method according to the method of the present invention. In addition, in the case of specimens, the specimen has been added: a left-hand portion of the specimens.
Following the desorption method is carried out in accordance with the procedure described in Example 1, which is described in the following examples. and the active mammals were collected from the mammals after the mammals were collected in the laparoscopic cavity. in the activities of the partitaiion actives: ttiihvmb preonaremte deter: ®! Mad®: Beamed to: nersa idiiHTd Tis or ndTM Cifid A torcatleqiio segnnd®: esim métede: -cone! st. (for example, the variation of the number of holes): 1 for: oTiTiTiOn and a derm rm: ume, pore sided® div) o; d® and the Juç®® dm ve o les in Píus te ra de II ^ ||||: || || || || || || ||||||||||||| : sres® ||||| fH me; ®® | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (II): |||||| if prol®11: | The title compound was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1: 1 H NMR (CDCl 3):? d i <- = - - - - - - - - | t || II cS®: 1: praniliphylamide. d | | | | »» »» ... ... ... ... S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S. .te || m | p | s ||| ipQm :: || f ρ | P;! | || dal: | ep |: i |: ua be ||| iandialis | i | il | (1) fi® ;;; |
|| ||| ||| a nteri ormehli · refer; Ι® |; || The invention relates to a process for the preparation of the invention. ||| eder |; || ríai have sito · des: ehv; ||§dbs ||| (i.e. j; ! ® and ®Bidés has not recently been in the works: qii | ::::: §pii ||: | ir: im., | | This is the case in the case of the Council of Ministers. νρ |: 1 ||||||: |||| 2000 | ;; Yoshino, 2.00: | ®; | | | | | | | | | | |: |: |; ||| llilllllii blend fóétum.ihb | i | ® ||; Hptura. of aggregates. IO®; M; II pl |: |: IÍÍ anteriermehte · méiirdiills teiliSm ...... reproduce de forma | ;; the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a compound of the formula: the method of the dilatation point, the method of the invention, and the method of the method of the diluting point. Bailey.
At the same time, different lines of research have been undertaken in order to improve the performance of bituminous mixtures with discontinuous granuioraetria, namely through the definition of specific granulometric compositions and / or the use of diffraction. (ie modified bitumen with rubber, nitrogen, modified filer, SBS, .SVA, PE, bituminous emulsions, various additives to improve the adhesiveness), such as patents : CN 10126-5053; , 2008; CN 102051849 (A), 2011; RU 2011120847 (A), 2012; RU 2011120846 (A), 2012; WO 2012081010 (AI), 2012; CN 102836873 (A), 2012; CN 102976666 (A), 2013 and [|| lll || 4i9: 7dtil, 2015.
In the same way, several patents have been carried out, namely with. with the aim of improving the method developed in the USA through the use of different compaction processes for the evaluation of the void volume in the active particle mixture, as well as the concept of overlapping between the particle- || go || j ||
It is first verified by means of the patent CN 1932153 (A), 2007, for the bituminous strip, adopting a || ll |||: || d®; i <| ::: .mâtémáf: | po | ifesp§d | :: ticd || the guai intends to improve © j | ||| pes | m || .hh'0- of ||| isidra |||| ê: tnm |: hò: S: | || o ||! | | .ip.d || draining and granulating: 1. and resistance to permanent deterioration and agitation sensitivity. Additionally, the method also takes into account the stability of M & ssil and the like. of the rich volumetric mixtures of the bituminous mixture: with respect to the VMA, the volume of several in the mixture of aggregates filled with bitumen (VFB) <. However, it presents as a limitation the use of the compact method: steel as proposed in the method developed in the gfjfâ. (manual compaction with the metallic beam). This type of compaction presents, in particular, the tact of being carried out manually and of not allowing to properly simulate the energy of the compaction applied to the work.
However, it is found that much of the subsequent investigation has been directed toward improving the method of administration in the USA, as proposed in U.S. Patent No. 10,616,616 (A), 2, 000, where it is intended to determine the volume of vasios only for the aggregates of the aggregate (aggregates whose size is equal to or greater than 2); According to the proposed method, the evaluation of the imbi- cementation: between the active partitions: is carried out through the 1st and the second part: in Xaboratbríõ de: mixtures of bituminous mixtures, for which the percentage of bitumen and of aggregates and fillets is to be varied until there is a change in the size of the compacted samples, which is not the same as that which ceased to exist This patent presents a concept that is 1 h above that proposed in the d0: point of expansion method.
In addition, it is proposed in the patent CN 101463584 (A), 2008 that the evaluation of the permeate between active particles, ((considering aggregates whose size is equal to or greater than: 4.7 5 mm), The com posibility of the particles is carried out through a Marshall compactor, applying 100 strokes on each top of the beaker :, instead of compaction with the vario .: The method also proposes a maximum baridity of the stony structure of active particles using an experimental index that should vary between In the case of CM 10453: 545: 2 (A, 2015, the evaluation of the cross-linking between the active partitions is carried out using different Compaction methods (without compaction, zombaotation with Varã © with and without vibration The use of vibration has: as an aim to improve the compaction Obtained, however, the use of the rod, still presents the abovementioned limitations,
Another approach, similar to Bailey's method, involves a copying: f. PY: UH1 O2; ,? I || n |||||| p; ^: | ::::::::::::::::::::::::::. , r | l: || Determination of the granulometric composition of the bituminous mixture. The proposed method considers the maximum nominal size of the aggregate used in the bituminous mixture, the percentage of material! Fig. 1: Fig. 1: Fig. 1 Fig. 1 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. , or greater than 4%. |: | Pjpm || tpglPitdidd #.
In addition, other methods seek to determine the composition to be used in a bituminous mixture: by optimizing the specific properties related to the performance of the bituminous mixture such as: the maximum permissible stress in the bituminous mixture after applied to the pavement IIpIIIIIII III deformation resistance ||| | §Ef ||||| t |||| pat || t || cf ..... | ipp |: gdP66ldi || 2013), || the rigidity modulus ||| 11 | mif || pp !! || 2ri ||| ::::: (42i1I2 f§ (| i,:::: g: 0l ||| illlll | P | lciona || e | te | | a || li ............. ipplnfes 11 CH!: |: |: | 6 IP and llll | i ||| p2 62 |: 3: 2 | 2012, · adl | nvês: p: † evaluation of the volume of voids 1 Plíponi ve ||| n |) 2 {2 | Ρ || ΐρ dai :, .2Í! Í propose the evaluation || d ||: imbri ||| l | t ||||||||||||||||||||||||||: ||||||||| | in the method of the present invention, the proposed evaluations are based on the steps of: (a) The active compounds compacted in a vessel by using the GBR (California bearing ratio) assay commonly used for soils.
In the same way other methods 7: | pdbuitam 1¾çáó · lillijídidiiiiii: | | b: im: a | li | ã | dolill, left # 1113 to: case of .....;; pfe; fept; f: s2: |; 2 | 3: || i | 2 |, llli9'2lle Φ1ϊ | ρρ | δ1 | · ΪΙΙ (Î ±, 1 β ($ 11 ...
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of formulating bituminous mixtures with discontinuous granulometry, operation being based on the selection and characterization of the materials to be used in the bituminous mixture, as well as the immobilization; Atlifabj; 1 | 5 | | | | | | | | |||||||| Characteristics of the products: (i) Spraying: (i) Spraying (i): (i) saXussatricas, dassrspanho s trabaihaPi ^ lIciade qse sad paasiaeis of the beings obtained for the isudea betuddeiosa: campaciada <
This rad is given in accordance with the values of τα is tux a. The colors are colorless EM 11104 --- 5, Pads a seaestla percent a qsrn. of particles. atfsae cue esfa tipc: de ab, sauras reddei; to qesG. escafibui pa.ra as paipa isb rt. patron to and from the af to eleven.
It is important to note that there is a lack of awareness of the effects of the crisis on the part of the parties involved in the process of eliminating pathophysiology, to the United States, to the United States of America, to the United States of America, to the United States of America, to the United States, to the United States. It is based on the up-to-date discs. It is important to note that there is a need for the use of ICTs in ICTs. ad. at .aaa bèro.nu: nssa and rsspabrvs. doc docdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddfdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd , pee 4 Táteitc dd field, add moamc iopoasfre.I after sectaracts of Incan tp: annul the flax, fcaqoss pee art utili rcrs Irtsn.es te aqessdb de IptareOppis de a: atst: a bsiaminoas, the beads to ear bassaba: ~ ns dsfinipftc be uses CDStpoaiçOO: granalométrica., sesaodo as fuse: if pre-defined rich of isrsis esptrics lass sac ted: so oners ids races: the caracpsrIsPicas de rtatariais adiisssbosr ? - the amalgamation of the materials and methods of compacting to the extent that it is not necessary to carry out work on the part of the manufacturer. The percentage of the percentage: the be tube or wing of the aisle which is flat, an. forming the particles from the beaker to the beaker; - for laboratory, laboratory, and laboratory tests, and for the detection and purification of laboratory and laboratory equipment, and for the use of laboratory reagents and reagents, as well as for laboratory reagents. teat ice dca cptesj ρβρρρ s dcidrertisesto: if: ces; sas ias pax's a fsrrubBpss of smart: uras betumledsafe under asou cold loisa of oc <sn tiu sa relas1remenda a. sweaters the data of the dolphinfish, the ipferaaals of ama, and the ferry of the ρρρρορ tarsi global tuna of the biatessa feebpsd: beaa ;. the ayial permito dai slqoifleadimo imbramesao aa dsissbi sidafee da mibdaeâs beausd, .aobab do rm.o a da da; under the randageso ecasfemieae the asylum of the dairies.
Crafts: Pabaoeda dobaba isaoiurto xsderia seguifioad is / eaieade s eqeeaeity: fafetiba are samples in Isboradferie dasasma the form labätg reburiado afeasp dstalbeoda the time and qrau of the asposioPo of the atilIsadoras of the lapse of gases a part icad.aa: fanas ,. íbisaibagtee ata ati.iissgeõ fee bodamea. saxegafeom ex lisas, sslmeodes cade s weigh eas e aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa of the sb.stutas dmfe. a. (a) by podanoe as es; the bes: anoeir.rm: Curao de dosagas oaoaisqicas, d bddaídai dg for muidio of sisorao coai o- presente invents essipreeadb name, ρ rd me l st; the selection of the most important species of the genus: the genus, the genus, the genus, the genus, the genus, the genus, the genus, the genus, and the mass of the masses of all to the United States; water or water beetles of the asterisks, drink second phase Sphincters the active particles, maoaalboode: or .badaoiadbsnts resorted to nm composite sodamatlso ti pia as sates: or similar to qua se according to ssaiísgSo da baiidafee: mixture of gartietfeos et. loas Cobb the steresultades dstermmtbdós, datil d. If it is in the best interest of the parties to be able to do so, it would be impossible for the whole of the mix to become loose, so as to ensure that there is no shortage of ammunition and ammunition. I do not know what to do, but I do not know how to do it. 1 to the protheses of the meds of the dsadsss to the coefioiopto of the attem to the trabtiibabilipade adraoea of the besidiie limbo Sb .fii.or>
The object of the invention is described below. i.e., no. The study was carried out by a population-based study of the socioeconomic status of the population of the Brazilian population, which was to be associated with the socioeconomic status of the population. <am dasaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa In addition, they are useful for the following purposes. The present invention is hereinafter described in detail, without limitation and by way of example, by means of its preferred form of soap, shown in the accompanying drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation and simp3d-f loads. of a method embodiment according to the method.
Description day
Referring now to the figure, there will now be described: the preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the method is constituted by a set of steps shown in said figure, which are arranged and executed: as follows: The formulation method is described, consisting in a first step in selecting the fractions of the stone materials to be used in accordance with the type of Pneumuminous mixture to be fabricated (maximum nominal size of the aggregates). taking into account the respective size of the sieve screen: the reference value defined in Table 1.
Quadre 1
For the selection of the fractions of the stone materials to be used in the fapric of the bituminous mixture with the desorption qranutometry, it is preferable to consider a fraction referring to the active particles (95% of the stone material of the fraction has a dimension equal to or greater than the size of the mesh of the sieve ae (95% of the stone material of the fraction has a size comprised between the size of the reference sieve core and 0.065 mm), and a fraction, if any, relative to the reference sieve. to the filer (70% of the stony material of the fraction has a size less than 0.063 strip.) The bitumen is added to the foil additives in the manufacture of the bitumen resin. ) (1) (1) (11) In particular, in (1.2), the materials used in the manufacture of the bituminous mixture of a discontinuous granulometry, ................. s lll || étre: oa: | llllllllllll | (I.e. of: cadaj | ldi ||||| as; and (2) have stony laws (aggregates: / we filer: pf), additions (ped) and III. bèlp &(#p ||) | fi lillda ab: i ||||: |||: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| || (i.e., Xi),
(2): 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, .1., 1): rililinfila.S:
Ilidi ....... irab; g | i | i ||| ili ||| b.nt: re. l |||| p: ar | iiplii |||| ii ves |||| lp f eg | io s |||||| (ii): (i): (ii): (ii): (ii) In the case of the invention, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula: ## STR1 ## in which: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a compound of formula (I): A compound of the formula: ## STR1 ## in which R 1 is as defined in formula (I). be): ........................................................................................................................
(iii): ld | Table 2 ||| ii |: i | ..r: ádii || i; ii: ii ||||| a: j ||| li || Í ||| Í | Ílípl: is: n | e | The compounds of the invention may be prepared by reacting the compound of formula (I) with the compound of formula (III): ## STR4 ##
Table II I
It is well known that the invention relates to the preparation of the compound of formula III. |||||| (b) (b) (b) (b) ~ Faneirar the fractions of enterial pet res of the active martenslas, ax aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa a foot: at 1.0m pete lx ado · car; dima: nalio iqaal a saportor to the petal rataa rerertecia dotitids pa aa mi at.-ax a Pattalnas® as iadtoade pa pa.adro: 11. d restarto material of fa ra ra att att *
Far aa material rosxdita.at.:e/ prepare art to the amsetras of para 1 dal aa ax it a..® ipromtsaeate seaaa a. 1.10 "C to 5 ° C") until the sample mass of the test sample is about 12% to 120% of the sample. passivol dm be aoloeade the interior of the reerpierme esootsido asm quo eeeouis aria ooaipactapão. - Go to each sample, · Praemiher o. re-plant no. aria tátalldáde ...,. being this preempted mind: reelisads on sites rases, at quale lno.la in the esmpaetaqts of material to flea! from the date of issue, to the date of issue, to the date of receipt of the contract, to the date of receipt of the contract.
Container. the total number of samples shall be equal to the total number of samples. Post-harvesting or re-drying of the pasture: from 4.22 kg to 47.5 kg of the weight of the soil, Of the semande art a. parterre fate, repel go to terocedimento of pre-cirireevio to compact dm mot exd.el. (to increase the soda in the range of 1 to 10% of the total weight of the product to the total product of the rest of the product). : the aggregate of the aggregates with which the aggregates are added to the aggregate to remove aggregates. The aggregate of the aggregate is the aggregate compartments of the torrents, desermianr a Paridoda dam partiteelas: active For cade, sample: from aeorde with a sea a trite eqqagllsi
dry ο: /, ¾. - Parity - redrxrdua 1 do: each sample. (kg / kg): - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The following information is given in the following table to the individual data collected:
being; (a) The parsi sion of the psxtidsiss ati eas (from / to the adsorbent of the argiada esphages) of the exaps (3, 1), and (1, 2, and 3), to be used after the crmisation of the citation of the owner of the posthumous pisci- pation, to the proxies, to the exact provi- sion void to the distant focuMosa , which means that the particle size of the particle will activate to form an isomer that is sacred to the diaphragm that results in the formation of the particle at the same time. to use it in order to stop the imbelement of the animal or other animals, from the hollow to the segmented animal;
(a) the age at which the thigh is placed in the air, and (b) the length of the thigh, and (b) the length of the thigh, The composition of the composition of the present invention may be prepared by the method of the present invention in the form of a compound of the formula: ## STR1 ## in which the amount of the compound of formula (I) : csm a sagu lata eauaçâo:
be alo; tWrs "volume. of the active compounds to be used to obtain one. ipbricabento at iitóu abe CPtre. the active ones for the repetitive etpm / evil of the attrilsed IIP; In order to obtain the optically active imbalance between the active components, Ikg; ; P.;:; (mg / pr) In each case, the parties will be required to submit their respective share of the shares (aggregate or equal to or greater than one day in advance) to the panel of directors, Table 1 lists passive particulates (aggregates with a crosslink between the yield of the sieve mesh and the sieve of a size equal to 0.313 parts per cubic centimeter. flier: (Aggregate CaCl2 +
Ppn- ~ per can cover dp: fracture active particles (li?
Piy, f - per den in tag of the original material passed to the sieve of fraction (I). "mm-perpeataqpp. pp. tying by fpablo Ilç; % of the weight of past material in peel pop. of dipeptide equal to 0.063 mm (I),
If the operator intends to use wood fibers as an additive, Preliminary volumetric determination to determine: g of the fibers of the fibers. It was to pound the saverardasnbe palanderer, be tssxi in the ether, sec.
SS SS S 'X.: XX
Eur-lex.europa.eu eur-lex.europa.eu
PfMas: "Pefcentagesi" nfs of fl uae to "ff" to "ff" to "ff" s 0,31 1 to 2, 1093: (pars ercs r: rxisear, P 1 0,2 2) 3 hrs. a. 1,6103 Igara aseeχτipanto 9 0,3 23 e: 1,6202: Iasi the salt was dissolved in 100 ml of potassium hydroxide solution and then dried under high vacuum to give the title compound as a yellow oil. Peter Tstixar. Tasks: ssa.s rndiridba is of the xeatsriaxa and the institutions of the .seiatida. Bst sad, eras as re spa air the rressa ratal of the mixture be t its lea aaa: t.ilxsa.r, gars se ofrod sax ai piped, these a to sntre the partlodiss axiras for the atxlpge da .reelpjeerre / eeeoids edxx is ado ri <e, Helps dstpaataddr of xpepasto, edisgagtsapr glraborroOs
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Hapsp: pa a si ra a (kg ;;
Mf-itasss dS: filar (kg) :; (mass) of the additive (kg)? . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. the one of the fixer: and the set fernea tends set cons ids rags to the different. fractions: of stone materials: in the mix. bituminous with decentralized granulometry:
For the determination of the masses, the plot of the filer, which must be added to the calculation to be carried out, must be added to the scalar equations, to determine the repeats of pa rti cal as: paosivás :, 1.1 cr, adi, thoses and pe turns a, ut 11 i.aar:
S erido *
Vpp ~ mpiume of particle blades (L);
VF-flier volume CL); V <td "'volume of additives lb]; Volume of beturn (t); (volumetric mass of the passive particles (Mg / mb; <i - single mass of the additive (Mg / m3); / ¾ - bead mass (Mq / nr); A - volume of water / bitumen absorbed (L),
For the proliminous volumetric composition defined for the bituminous mixture (3.15), estimate the volumetric characteristics of the compacted bituminous mixture (4.1), according to the following methodology: - Determine the porosity of the compacted bituminous mixture with imbricameb: optimized between the active particles, according to the equation:
being: iy, ss - porosity of the mixture. bituminous compacted with. optimum overlap among active particles (%). ~ Determine the theoretical maximum baridity of the compacted bituminous mixture (bmt), the compressed bituminous mixture bar (ρ & Ο, the percentage of voids in the aggregate mixture (VMA) and the percentage of voids in the mixture of filled aggregates : with. VFB bitumen):
tars the preliminary volumetric composition is expected to (3.1) corroborate the process of optimization of the volumetric composition and the overall behavior of the bituminous mixture by estimating its mechanical performance (4, 25, functional performance ), as well as the hardness of the blend (4.4), as regards the mechanical performance (4.2), it is intended to ensure that the volume and composition of the mastic: bituminous contributes to an increase in the resistance of the bituminous mixture to water, permanent deformation, fatigue fatigue, and to the appropriate rigid modulus, without impinging the bond between the av.ivae particles. The mechanical performance estimation (4.2J for the preliminary composition is finished second the methodology that follows - Determine the water resistance of the bituminous mixture according to the following equation:
with TSR - restraint maintained in indirect traction 3 IS "S (%);
The percentage of passive particles in the mixture of aggregates (15) is the percentage of the passive particles in the mixture of aggregates (15), and the resistance to the permanent deformation of the bituminous mixture, according to the following equations:
being: RDA} n - maxillary deformation, depth of run: at 10000 cycles at 60 ° C (mm); WTS ^ - Deformation curve at 60 nC (mm / 10 s) :; PRDAm ~ percentage of depth of surround to 10,000 cci ac Λ ° r * {V ♦. VV V \ $ i f EPS ~ film thickness, determined bitumen watering; the Hveem method (ASTM, 1992) (micron); % - porosity of the bituminous matrix 1% 1.
Determine the fatigue resistance. According to the equation:
being: * - tensile extension of the bituminous mixture to one million load applications at 20 ° C with a four-point flexural equipment at controlled range t * l: Q "sm / m); bitumen determined according to the Hvocra method: (ASTM :, 19921 (ra.icron);
Vy ~ porosity of the bituminous mixture (%), - determine the rigidex modulus of the mixture: bituminous according to equations being:
8 - rigidity modulus of a bituminous mixture at 20 ° C with flexural equipment and four points at controlled extension (MPa); % - tensile strength of the bituminous mixture, for one million load applications at 20 ° C with a four point bending equipment - the controlled extent (x10 * m / m) <
Mo concerning the functional performance (4.3). it is intended to ensure that the volume and composition of the bituminous mastic is satisfactory. is | iu | cM and a |||||| t | lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll |||||||||| ||||||||||| aff i: hvé: g || p :: 'con'ta | o ::: ί00ΐ; § li a ··: ............................... ': sdibriÍÍiiteh.to between Iraã: plbiidiiãã) 2 :) 1¾¾¾¾ ................. 2 | ................ functional performance estimate {4,3} face to with is determined according to the methodology that follows: Determine the mean depth of the texture of the sand and the bituminous mixture according to the following equation:
PT ~ average depth of surface texture of m:: bituminous (mm);
Ppa ~ percentage of active particles in the aggregate (%);
Ppp ~ percentage of passive particles in the mixture of
Igriladdl) (%) II - Diethyl ether II colilicillium of allltolylmethyiol (1%). .................. ãPiddlliom. 1%. se.g || in: te |: | yi | çâ: o: ||
(4), (4), (4), (4), (4), (4) and (4) ; f% a - percentage of active particles in the mixture of aggregates (%);
Ppp - percentage of passive particles in the mixture of aggregates (%).
It is intended to ensure that the preliminary composition ensures adequate workability, using the concept of fixed bitumen in the filer specified by Austroads (2013), according to the equation: llllendblllllll
....... ^ |||||| r: açii || ii |: beturae fixed-nt iiier ||||||||| (Mg / in3): - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -% of bitumen volume in the bituminous mixture (%) - volume of voids in the fillet compacted with Rigden equipment {%);
Pf - percentage of filer relative to the total mass of aggregates (%),
If the volumetric characteristics (4,1) are complete, then the volume characteristics are given by (4,1). 1 . : $ || i || $ §ip p | ip |||| p | em. o li: | n: | t || li | lpe.i; ited | ... | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| | :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ...................
In step (5.1), laboratory validation of the optimum volumetric composition estimated for the bituminous mixture (3.1), thus results obtained in (4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4), using the estimated time for the oatamieous mixture c. the preliminary toommetric composition in the pyrophorium, which shows the magnitude of the preformity of the moma.
After completion of the step (S. 15 ®), it will perform its performance in the following manner: (i) to reject (3.1) and (b) to dissolve tms: adyí cemipos IpSe: volumetries for the mixtures arid.oosa. Otherwise the fortification of the bituminous mixture with cranalometry desmirates is reduced *
Llabco, Q? Do remPro of 3 (116
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