LU86325A1 - MACHINE FOR THE EXTRUSION OF PLASTIC MATERIALS - Google Patents

Description

- 1 - ^ *

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY

The object of this request from Patente is a "MACHINE FOR THE EXTRUSION OF PLASTIC MATERIALS", which has essential novelty characteristics compared to the systems known in this field and applied to obtain the same result as that for which these machines are intended and for which they are designed.

The machine in question is used or is used to form strips or plates of different colors. It was for us to find a more sophisticated machine for the extrusion of plastics than those which are currently on the market. The latter are in fact based on the manufacture of multicolored strips by gluing small elementary ribbons, a very expensive process, or else by extrusion in several dies, which makes it necessary to make complicated as well as unreliable constructions; we have therefore carried out the appropriate research and we have planned and carried out the subject of this Descriptive Memoir, the essential characteristics of which are discussed below.

J This machine is based on the production of plastic strips or plates from small contiguous strips of material, these being of different colors with all the advantages that this represents for the manufacture of various products from these plates. The pipes through which plastics of different colors pass have their horizontal outlet; the lower part carries out an extrusion of plastic of white base material, which serves as a support, the latter coming to stick to the rest of the extruded plastic material above it.

The plastic of the upper base is preferably glossy transparent, which makes it possible to give the plate uniformity and coloring in strips, depending on how the colors are arranged in the central part. The basic colors of the plastic surface are located in the middle, all the extrusion being done through the center of the extruder and the supply conduits distributing the molten plastic material over the entire length to the matrix through which is carried out the exit. The flow which flows through these supply conduits is regulated by means of threaded rods ending in a nut head which serves to obtain the constriction of the flow of fluid plastic material, and thus regulate its flow.

-2-

This oxtruder consists of main parts joined together to form a compact machine.

The main part of this extruder is located inside it in its lower part; its mission is to form bands and is made up of two contiguous parts; its lower part includes a prismatic body whose anterior end is triangular in shape. To this lower body is screwed the additional upper body which is formed of a single piece having a series of notches of triangular shape diverging towards the outside, through which the plastic is deposited; these triangular portions give the output the elementary band width of each of the colors that the entire plastic plate to be configured will include. This great interchangeability allows first of all that the part to be mechanized is of small dimensions and consequently inexpensive; the width of the elementary bands to be conformed can be varied at will.

This part which we have just described will be provided with an interchangeable part or intermediate plate, which will allow the distribution to outlet channels or to others, of the different colors which are provided for manufacturing. First, there is - a rectangular prismatic entry plate which has an optional number of horizontal grooves depending on the number of colors desired; these grooves are generally three in number. They are made at the front of the plate and are intended to receive the molten plastic material through their supply orifices which are perfectly isolated from each other which distribute the plastic material of each color in the groove which corresponds to it. Following this input plate, comes the intermediate and interchangeable prismatic plate which allows and performs the real exchange of colors to be distributed in the output channels; behind and following the entry plate are circular orifices at different levels than that of the chosen horizontal groove of the entry plate, thereby allowing the passage of the desired color; this orifice communicates towards the front part of the plate and ends at its center, that is to say that the orifices which take the color of the lower part, will end in an elongated notch towards the upper part which will coincide at its end with the central part. On the contrary, the orifices which take the color of the upper horizontal groove, will have an identical notch lengthened at its front end downwards, to make it coincide in the center of the plate; for their part, the orifices which take the color of 1: - 3 - Λ 'the intermediate horizontal groove will be a circular orifice £ without groove since this same orifice ends in the central zone.

Following this intermediate plate which ends in centered orifices, comes the central lower body of the machine, formed by an elongated rectangular prism whose upper front end is triangular. Likewise, it comprises the vertical distribution channels for the plastic material, the upper end of which comprises the flow adjustment screws; each of these supply orifices leads to its corresponding triangular notch in the lower part, responsible for configuring the basic width of each strip. The supply arrives at these vertical channels through horizontal orifices which receive the supply from the intermediate plate.

In this way it is therefore easy to realize that by changing only the indicated intermediate plate, with the corresponding adaptation of the orifices, we manage to distribute each of the colors of the strips properly without having to make very costly changes of pieces of difficult mechanization. Thus, imagine that we want to distribute from bottom to top on the entry plate three colors (yellow, green and red) in its grooves ho-r rizontales: ai we want the first strip to be yellow, it will be necessary that the intermediate plate comprises at the rear and in contact with the input plate, a lower orifice which collects this yellow color and sends it to the center of the front face; however, if we want the first strip to be green, the orifice will be located in the central area, this color being collected in the intermediate horizontal groove and brought to the center of the front face; if on the contrary it is desired that the first strip be red, the intermediate plate will have an orifice in the upper part, coinciding with the upper groove, to collect and bring this red color to the front central part.

On this main part described in detail and located in the lower part, the upper internal part is placed, formed of a rectangular parallelepiped body which at one of its lateral ends has an extension in the shape of a triangular point. On the upper base are arranged the vertical orifices for conducting the plastic; their extensions are vertical and their outlets each lead to a horizontal conduit.

As the main external part, there is a fixed lower part, formed of an irregular prism whose flat lateral faces end at sharp angles. This part has orifices through it. different internal, where the fixing screws will be placed. The upper part of this part will serve as a guide zone for the plastic material at its outlet, while the internal inclined lateral face will serve as a guide base for the molten plastic material; this piece will serve as the basis for the plate formed by the juxtaposed bands of different colors.

The main external part is also formed by an irregular prismatic part with planar lateral faces, and comprising on the outside and in its upper part consecutive prismatic appendages and separated by lower zones at the curved end. Each of these upper appendages will be crossed by a threaded orifice intended to receive the screws for adjusting the thickness of the extruded plastic plate. On the lower part are also placed external appendices separated from each other by lowered parts with curved ends. ; these lower appendages are pierced with circular holes through which will be introduced the ends of the adjustment screws, which by tightening will deform the lower part thereby reducing the thickness of the outlet groove of the plastic. Following these lower parts, vertical grooves are arranged which will decrease the thickness of the material and therefore contribute to deforming this latter part.

The detailed description which follows relates to the attached figures, in which, by way of example, and without any limiting character, one of the most common forms of execution has been shown.

FIG. 1 represents a main section of the extruder,

Figure 2 shows the main upper part of the machine.

Figure 3 shows a side view or section of the lower part of the machine.

Figure 4 a perspective view of the same disassembled anterior part.

FIG. 5 represents an assembly diagram and operating principle of the inlet plate, and of the intermediate plate, in the body of the machine.

Figure 6 provides an anterior view of the plastic material inlet plate.

FIG. 7 represents an anterior and posterior view of the intermediate plate.

Figure 8 shows the upper outer part of the extruder.

/ - 5 -

FIG. 9 shows the lower external part of the machine which is the subject of the invention,

In Figure 1, there is shown one. lateral section of the former extruder, on which the most important parts of this machine appear, such as the upper internal part 1, which serves as conductor through parallel orifices of the plastic; ^ on this part are flow regulators of the molten plastic 2, formed by screws which have at their end studs of smaller diameter, which by being introduced into the material transport conduits throttle the flow and by next, settle it.

The part 3 is the lower interior part of the machine, which also has central orifices for guiding the plastic material, as well as for guiding by its sides. The part 4 is the upper external part of the machine, which is fixed to the central body of the latter by means of consecutive screws, 5. On its external part it comprises screws placed one behind the other, which unite the upper part at the bottom, and which by their tightening allow the separation of these two parts? and consequently the reduction in the thickness of the plastic material which leaves by its front end.

The part 5 represents the lower external part, the upper end of which allows the plastic to exit outside; this is fixed to the body by means of screws arranged one after the other, 6.

Figure 2 shows the inner upper part of the extruding machine, formed of a rectangular parallelepiped body which has on its front face. a triangular part. This part is formed by supply pipes for the central plastic material of different colors, while the upper pipes 8 are used for supplying the plastic material from the upper base of the formed strips which serves to give a uniform surface area and transparent to the resulting plate. This part also comprises upper orifices through which a ring will be introduced into which the screws for adjusting the plastic flow rate will be screwed; these screws are formed of a threaded part close to their head and of a lower stud which will be the one which when introduced will throttle the flow of plastic material.

The plastic of different colors will go towards the exit through the lower face 10 of this part, while the plastic flow from the upper base which is generally of transparent shiny appearance.

In Figure 3 is shown the profile or side view 12 of the lower part of the machine, formed of a rectangular prismatic body which has on its front face. a triangular projection 13. On this piece is superimposed another additional 14, which is an extension of the previous one and which comprises a series of triangular grooves 15 which can only be seen in this diagram and which are deeper in their center than at their anterior end.

Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the same part as in Figure 3, once disassembled. In this much more explicit view, we see the main body 12 with its triangular appendage 13, and we also observe the part 14 placed as an extension of the previous one and which comprises in its upper part a series of triangular grooves 16, of which the mission is to conform the elementary bands according to their preset width by making them come out by their end. The fixing of these two plates is carried out by means of the corresponding screws which, introduced into the orifices 17 of the upper plate, are screwed into the threaded orifices 18 of the part 12. In this way and. by the exchange of a single piece, in this case the 14, we manage to vary more or less the width of the bands, which results in a saving of material time and labor to use.

Figure 5 shows a mounting diagram of the input plate and the intermediate plate on the upper body of the machine / <in this figure we can clearly see, first the input plague formed by a parallelepipedic piece rectangular, which has 3 horizontal channels or slots, represented by the numbers 19, 20 and 21 for the three basic colors adopted during the invention, but which are in no way limiting, and fed respectively by the three (or more ) inlet ports 22, 23 and 24 respectively; This allows the distribution of each of the colors of the plastic in each of their respective horizontal grooves. Following this entry plate 25, there is the intermediate plate 26, the external shape of which is identical to the previous one, and the position of the orifices of which will be variable, according to the color desired for each strip. ; for this reason, the rear face of this plate will include the plas- material entry orifices. tick melted at levels which will coincide with that of the color and therefore with the horizontal groove arranged for this purpose; that is to say that if you want the color placed at the bottom, the orifice will be located in its lower part, if the desired color is in the upper groove, the orifice will be located in the corresponding upper zone with the suitable groove, and if on the contrary we want the color of the central groove, the orifice will also be placed in the center. Likewise, these orifices will cross the part in its entire length to end on its anterior face, all of them coinciding in its central part; that is to say that the orifice which leaves from the lower zone 27 terminates in an upwardly directed extension 28, to finish at its end in the center. On the contrary, the orifice coming from the upper part 29, will have at its front end an elongated groove downwards, its end coinciding with the central part of the plate, and likewise, the central orifice 31 will pass through the plate right through and will coincide with its center 32; all these orifices will lead to a set of parallel orifices 33 which will supply the devices which conform the strips.

FIG. 6 represents an anterior view of the plastic input plate 25, on which the horizontal grooves 19, 20 and 21 appear, which each distribute a color, and are suitably supplied by the input orifices 22, 23 and 24 respectively.

FIG. 7 represents an anterior and posterior view of the intermediate plate; below, there is the rear view with the plastic receiving holes 34, each according to the desired color, and therefore coinciding with one or the other of the horizontal grooves at different levels, such as 19, 20 and 21 and by therefore moved up, down or in the center. These orifices communicate with the front part and all end at the center of the plate by the corresponding elongated grooves, upwards the lower 35 or downward the upper 36, since the central orifices 37 do not have these grooves since they are already centered.

FIG. 8 represents the upper external part of the machine, formed by an irregular body with straight walls, which has longitudinal holes 38, for fixing the part to the base of the body; this body has outside and at its ends successive portions 39, duly separated from each other, each comprising an orifice for the introduction of the ends of the screws for adjusting the outlet thickness. In order to be able to deform all of this lower end as best as possible, there is a vertical groove, and the upper end also has projecting parts 41, the latter having threaded orifices allowing the introduction of the adjustment screws.

- - - - "'·· *: .. * - U -

The plastic material flows through the inclined lower face 42 and exits through the horizontal lower part 43 which is movable and which is the one which regulates the thickness of the plastic plate.

Figure 9 shows the lower outer part of the machine, formed by an irregular body with straight walls, which has horizontal holes 44, through which will be introduced the fixing screws thereof. This part brings the plastic material through the upper inclined face 45 and the last part 46.

Now that we have sufficiently described the object of this Descriptive Brief, we would like to point out that it is possible to make multiple variations of detail also protected, while retaining the essentials; these modifications may affect all or some of the parts of the machine; the components chosen and the means of execution of the system may be any, as well as the other modifications.

Claims (6)

1. Machine for the extrusion of plastics, which is characterized by the arrangement thereof from four main parts, two internal and two other external, the upper internal main part being formed by a rectangular parallelepiped body which comprises its front end has a triangular point and its interior has vertical plastic feed channels; the flow rate is adjusted by means of screws ending in studs which by being introduced by screwing allow the throttling of the supply conduits of the molten plastic. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner and lower part is formed by two bodies, the first or base, of rectangular parallelepiped shape, the front end of which is of triangular shape, on which is fixed by the corresponding threaded screws the second part or upper plate, the shape of which is an extension of the first; this one is of small height and comprises triangular grooves diverging towards the outside, which mark the thickness of each of the elementary plates of which the total plastic strip will be composed. 3. Machine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the upper internal body comprises an inlet plate for the molten plastic material, formed by a rectangular parallelepiped body which preferably comprises 3 parallel horizontal grooves, one for each color optionally, supplied by the corresponding plastic inlet orifices. 4. Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, as an extension of the inlet plate, an intermediate plate, the external shape of which is the same as the first, and which will include inlet orifices for the plastic, each of them being situated at a level which is suitable for collecting the material from the upper, intermediate or lower channel, and communicating with the front part of the plate through an orifice which pierces it, terminated by vertical grooves: towards the down for the upper ports, or up for the lower ports, so that they exit at a centered level which coincides with the supply ports to the distribution channels. - 10 - 5, - Machina according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises an outer upper part of irregular shape with flat walls; the external face comprises a series of rectangular portions threaded in their upper part and duly separated, and another series of lower rectangular portions also separated from each other and pierced with a central orifice allowing the introduction of screws for adjusting the thickness of the plastic plate; this part has in its lower part a vertical groove close to the lower appundicos, which serves to weaken the part to allow adjustment of the thickness of the shaped plate. 6 "- Machine according to claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that ollu carries out the extrusion of plastic do different colors through the center of the machine; the output of each color is done by each of the triangular portions of the lower interior part; the basic plastic is extruded from the bottom and the upper protective plate is extruded inside the machine.